研究生农业科技英文论文成稿01.doc

第二部分/ PART II（摘要和关键词/Abstract and Key words）我国工伤保险制度现状及对策研究摘 要：本文通过笔者对我国现行工伤保险制度的研究，并对其存在问题进行系统的总结和分析，初步提出解决问题的对策，从而促进我国工伤保险制度更加完善，使用人单位和劳动者的权益得到最大的保障。 关键词：工伤；工伤保险制度；社会保障；完善；建议 Research on the actual state and strategy of industrial injury insurance system in our country Abstract: We propose the solution of problems faced through the research of current Industrial Injury Insurance systems, and have made the system summary and analysis for the current situation. We have promoted the Industrial Injury Insurance to be more thorough and therefore perfect, we provide assurance based for the employer and even the employee.Keywords: industrial injury；industrial injury insurance system；social security；perfect； proposal第三部分（正文）引言工伤保险制度作为我国法制体系的重要内容，对于维护用人单位和劳动者权益发挥着重要作用。随着2013年新工伤保险条例的实施，标志着我国工伤保险制度逐步完善，劳动者工伤赔偿的保障力度进一步加强。但在具体实施过程中有很多问题显现出来，现笔者针对我国工伤保险制度的现状进行相应的对策研究。一、我国现行工伤保险制度存在的问题1、强制措施力度不够我国现行工伤保险制度虽然都明确规定了用人单位必须为劳动者缴纳社会保险费和及时向统筹地区劳动行政部门提出工伤认定申请。但对用人单位不为劳动者缴纳社会保险费的违法行为缺乏硬性制裁措施，对用人单位不申请工伤认定缺乏刚性的惩罚措施。2、缺乏配套规定，雇工享受工伤保险待遇的权利形同虚设我国现行法律规定“中华人民共和国境内的各类企业的职工和个体工商户的雇工，均有依照本条例的规定享受工伤保险待遇的权利。有雇工的个体工商户参加工伤保险的具体步骤和实施办法，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定”。但在实践中，由于省、自治区、直辖市人民政府没有制定相应的配套规定，雇工无法参加工伤保险，致使雇工享受工伤保险待遇的权利成为虚空，无法实现。3、超期申请工伤认定，工伤待遇难以保障工伤认定是获得工伤保险待遇的先决条件，同时工伤认定也是劳动保障行政部门的行政职权。如果用人单位和劳动者都没有在规定的期限申请工伤认定，那么劳动保障行政部门就会以超过受理时效为由裁定不予受理。在实践中，对于没有取得工伤认定决定的，一些人民法院也会适用司法不干预行政的惯例，认为法院无权认定工伤，判决驳回工伤职工的诉讼请求。4、第三人侵权工伤事故，劳动者难以获得双重赔偿。由于工伤保险条例中没有对因第三人侵权造成工伤事故怎样获得救济进行明确规定。一些地方在制定实施办法时，曲解立法精神、设置障碍，限制劳动者获得工伤保险赔偿的权利。二、我国现行工伤保险制度存在问题的分析1、用人单位和劳动者认识不到位造成工伤保险参保率不高，用人单位和劳动者认识不到位是其重要原因。追求利润是企业的目标。一些用人单位认为为职工缴纳工伤保险，增加了自己的用工成本，从而减少了企业的利润。为了追求经济效益、片面追求利益最大化而不重视职工的合法权益，不为职工办理工伤保险。2、守法成本高于违法成本成本比较是人们做出决策的重要依据。如果守法的成本比违法的成本还高，作为追求经济效益的用人单位当然会选择不去守法。由于我国法律对用人单位不为劳动者缴纳社会保险费、不按期申请工伤认定等违法行为缺乏硬性制裁措施，惩罚力度不够，不能起到足够的威慑作用，故一些用人单位宁愿选择不为劳动者办理工伤保险、不为劳动者申请工伤认定等违法行为。3、法制宣传弱化、普法工作缺位近年来，立法速度在加快，但法制宣传、普法工作没有很好的落实。特别是在一些落后地区，很多的劳动者根本不知道自己可以享受工伤保险待遇、用人单位应该为自己办理工伤保险；更不知道应该怎样去维护自己的权益。4、缺乏上位法的明确规定，导致司法中的分歧我国现行工伤保险制度因超过申请时效不能取得劳动保障行政部门工伤认定的职工是否丧失了救济的途径，一直以来，国务院、最高人民法院、劳动保障行政部门都没有出台相应的规定对此进行明确，导致各个法院判决不一，有驳回当事人诉讼请求的，也有判决用人单位承担工伤保险待遇的。三、完善我国现行工伤保险制度的建议1、完善相关法律制度及配套规定由于立法的局限性，任何法律的出台都不可能是完美的。因此，对实践中存在的争议需要通过立法、司法解释或部门规章加以明确。2、加大宣传力度，增强用人单位自觉参保的意识为强化用人单位和劳动者依法参加工伤保险的意识，劳动保障部门不仅要开展上街咨询、散发宣传单的活动，还要通过广播、电视、报刊等媒体进行工伤保险政策的宣传，营造参加工伤保险利国利民的浓厚氛围，做到家喻户晓、人人皆知。通过政策宣传，让企业和劳动者对工伤认定的条件、标准、程序、待遇以及各种时限有所了解，避免出现因不懂、不知而造成的认定难问题，进而维护企业和劳动者的合法权益。3、加大执法力度，严惩违法用人单位通过加强劳动保障执法队伍的建设工作，全面提高队伍素质，提高服务水平。执法部门要不断深入基层、深入企业耐心细致的开展工作，了解工伤保险实施的基本情况，有步骤、有针对性的帮助企业规范劳动用工、依法参加社会保险，帮助劳动者依法维护自己的权益。对存在违法违规行为的用人单位，必须依据相关法律法规进行严管重罚，增加用人单位的违法成本。4、建立弱势群体维权机构鉴于农民工整体素质不高、与用人单位相比处于弱势地位及工伤保险索赔程序复杂，很多的农民工不知道如何维护自己的合法权益。因此，需要组建弱势群体维权机构，免费为农民工等弱势群体提供法律援助，帮助他们获得相应的工伤保险待遇。结语我国现行工伤保险制度的建立健全是全方位和多目标的，是一个庞大的系统的工程，总结已有改革的经验和教训是保障制度本身质量的需要，也是民本思想到民主原则的要求。本文的目的就是让所有利益相关者去发现问题，实事求是的分析问题，然后以大家都认可的方式去解决问题。PART III （Body）introductionIndustrial Injury Insurance is important in our legal system, therefore plays a vital role for the employee and employer. In the new ”Regulations of Industrial Injury Insurance” (I.I.I)module released in 2013, it was quoted that our industrial injury insurance was progressively improving, this had gathered protection efforts of employers injury insurance which is strengthened in todays society. There are many problems that show up when this regulation was put into effect, right now we will make a based study for the current Industrial Injury Insurance sector.I. Existing problems of current Industrial Injury Insurancei. Coercive measures are not enoughAlthough our current I.I.I has clearly confirmed employees must pay Social Insurance Fee and file the application of area identified of the accident sector to Labor Administration Department. There is not any series compulsory punishment for unpaid fees from employee, nor any forceful punishment for employee for failed to register the stated accident.ii. The lack of sufficient rules, and the right of industrial injured is existing in name onlyOur current legal provisions rules ” Every PRC employee from any type of company and individual business, all need according to this regulation must be able to be protected under industrial injured insurance Act. The procedures and implementation of measures of Individual Business which have employees, should follow the regulations of Peoples Government of Province, Autonomous Regions, Direct-controlled Municipality” But at practice ,the related rule is not existing in peoples government of province, autonomous regions ,direct-controlled municipality ,employee can not take part in industrial injured insurance to result in the power of industrial injured insurance is existing in name only. iii. Apply industrial injured in exceeding time limited and benefit of industrial injured is too difficult to guarantee Identification of injure accident is a precondition of getting the injury insurance, meanwhile, it is administrative authority of the Labor Security Administration Department (L.S.A.D.). If the employee and employer are not entitled to the compensation on time, the L.S.A.D. then could handle the overtime. In practice, no one wants to be injured but if the right measurements are in place the right of the individual if placed in the peoples court would reject the judgment of judicial gathered by both parties.iv. The third party tort in the industrial injured accident, the employee has found it difficult to get double compensation.There are not many stipulations that are clearly set out of how to get injury accident compensation of the third party. When some cities set down measures of implementations,they distort legislative intent with set obstacles and have limited the right of the employee to get industrial injury insurance compensation.II. Existing problems facing the current industrial injury insurance systemi. Lack of the knowledge of the employee and employer rightsLow percentage of industrial injury insurance insured is the reason of the employee and employer lack of knowledge. The profit is the main purpose of business in anyway and also provides a service. Some employers think that if they pay industrial injury insurance, it raise their cost of employment, thus reduces profit of company. For the maximized economic benefit and profit, they ignore legal interest of employee, and not to paying the injury insurance for them.ii. Legal Cost is higher than Illegal CostThe cost is the important basis for making decisions. If the legal cost is higher than an illegal cost, for employee who want to get more economic benefit will choose the illegal scenario hands down. Ours law lacks tough punishment for employees who do not pay the social insurance fee, also not applying for industrial injured insurance on time, it cant get enough benefits within the system, that is reason why some employees will choose the illegal way not pay the social insurance fee, and not apply industrial injury insurance for employer.iii. Weakening of legal publicity, Absence of normal legal workIn recent years, the legislation speed is fast, but not well implemented at legal publicity and normal legal work scenarios. Especially some backward areas, the fact some employers even dont know they could enjoy treatment of industrial injury insurance, employee should pay injury insurance for employer; and also dont know how to protect for their own benefit.iv. Lack of clear rules of Host Law and make differences in justiceOur current injury insurance system is lost in the belief that over the application time, from the start, the State Council, Supreme Peoples Court, The Labor Security Administration Department never have a common rule to clear this, also to make different from stated laws.III. Suggestions to complete our current industrial injury insurance systemi. Complete the related law system and set the rulesBecause of our limitation towards law, well not a perfect law. We should clearly dispute in practice via new law, judicial interpretation or departmental regulation.ii. Intensity of the publicity, raising awareness of employees consciouslyTo strengthen awareness of industrial injured insurance of employ and employee, the Labor Security Administration department not only consult on street ,make advertisement ,but also take advantage of airing ,TV, newspaper and so on, build a good atmosphere for join industrial injured insurance ,help the whole population know their power. We then could make employee and employer know about the injury insurance condition, standard, procedure, treatment and expertise, to avoid some problems with not understanding and know, to protect the employee and the employers benefit.iii. Strengthen law enforcement, Publish illegal activityFrom strengthening the law we enforce building work ethics, we fully improving the team quality, improving service. Law enforcement department should immerse with the grassroots, immersion of the employee to be patient at the start with the scenario, we then implement the injury insurance scheme, help employees to standard their employer, thus joining social insurance with procedures, targeted, and helping the labor force to protect their own benefit. For theillegal employee we must give punishment and at least show why we need to move forward with this case.iv. Building human rights organization for disadvantaged groupFor some workers have less overall quality, low position compared with employee and complex of procedures of injury insurance claim, some workers dont know yet how to protect their own benefit. So need to build human rights organizations with easily accessible knowledge and provide legislative help for workers and s