定语从句用法归结.doc

定语从句用法归结一、 何谓定语？所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。eg:1、She is a beautiful girl.(单词) 2、There are only 200computers connected to the Internet.(短语) 3、There is a man lying outside the door. (短语) 4、She is a girl whom I love.(句子)注意：单个词作定语放在所修饰词的前面，短语或者句子作定语放在所修饰词的后面。二、 何谓定语从句?像4中用一个句子作主句某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为定语从句。即定语从句在主句中作定语，该从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词。其中被修饰的词（名词、词组、代词）称作先行词，定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。eg:He is the man who wants to see you .该句中He is the man是主句，who wants to see you为定语从句，the man为先行词。who为引导词，定语从句修饰主句中的先行词the man。三、引导词的分类 引导词引导定语从句，主要分为:关系代词who,whom,whose,that ,which等和关系副词when,where,why.等。四、 定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg:He is the man who wants to see you .该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下He is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰限制前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明、解释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后其它部分（主句）仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。eg:Mr Smith ,who was my first English teacher,retired last week.该句中的非限制性定语从句，去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。五、 定语从句中关系代词用法归结：在限制性定语从句，（1）、指人且作主语时用who/thateg: He is the man who wants to see you.(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom/that/省略eg: He is the man whom/ that Isaw yesterday.(3）、指人且位于介词后用whom，eg:This is tha man to whom I referred just now .(4）、指物用that/which.eg:This is the question which/that we have had so much discussion.about.(5)、指物且位于介词后用which.eg:This is the question about which/ we have had so much discussion.(6)、指人或物且作定语时用whoseeg:He is a boy whose name is Tom.在非限制性定语从句，（1）、指人且作主语时用whoeg: Mr Smith ,who was my first English teacher,retired last week(2）、指人且作宾语时用whomMary,whom I love,promoted last week.(3）、指物用whicheg:The house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful.(4）that永远不能引导非限制性定语从句eg:The house,that we bought last year,is very beautiful.(X)六、 定语从句中引导词如何使用？使用原则：判断定语从句中的引导词使用关系代词还是关系副词，主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则使用关系代词，如果定语从句中缺少状语（时间、地点、原因），则使用关系副词。eg:1、I will never forget the days when we stayed together. 2、I will never forget the days thatwhich we spent together.分析：在1中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少时间状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词when.,在2中，定语从句中缺少spent的宾语the days，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。 eg:3、Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? 4、Can you think of a situation which is similar to this one?分析：在3中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少地点状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词where,在4中，定语从句中缺少主语，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。七、 在定语从句中只使用which的情况归结：1、 在非限制性定语从句中且指物时，eg:The house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful2、 在介词后且指物时。eg This is the village in which I was born.3、 先行词本身为that时，eg：The clock is that which tells the time.八、 在定语从句中只使用that的情况归结：1、 先行词为序数词（含last）或数词或最高级时或者被这些词修饰时。eg：The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan,Look at these flowers,you can see the two that you gave me.2、 先行词为all 、everything、 nothing、 much、 little、 anything、 none 、few、 the one 、only 、any、 no、 one of 等或者被这些词修饰时，eg:The good man was trying to teach us all that he hnew in this lesson.3、 先行词既有人又有物时，eg；They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin school.4、 先行词分别被the very ,the only 等修饰时，eg:He was the very person that I was looking for all these days.5、 在含有疑问代词which或who的疑问句中，eg:Who is tha man that you are talking about?九、 as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别归纳总结：主要遵循以下原则;1、 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾，而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首。2、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。3、 as引导的非限制性定语从句时常译为”正如”“正像，而 which则常译为“这”。4、 若主句、从句的句意不一致或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，常用which，而句意一致时，则用as.eg As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. Tom was admitted into the college, as we had expected. The earth, as is known to all,is round.I gave him a New Year Card, which he enjoyed very much.She was married again, which was not expected.She was late again, as was expected.The meeting was a success, as we expectedAs is often the case ,he was late for school.高考英语定语从句点拨及过关演练定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容，也是高考中常考查的一个考点。掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下六道难关：一、选准关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：（1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together. （2）I still remember the days when we worked together. 二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy? 2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m These are all the pictures that I have seen. This is the very dictionary that is of great help. 3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember. 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：Our school is not the one that it used to be. 5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：This is the best English film that I have ever seen. The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities. 6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 三、把握“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. 注意：1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：This is the key which you are looking for. This is the baby whom you will look after. 2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which. 四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun. The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all. The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young. 2. 词义与联系上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：Light travels faster than sound, as we all know. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry. 五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA. 六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：（1）Is this factory _ we visited last week? （2）Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代（副）词重叠的成分。例如：错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday? 分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。总之，突破了以上六道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解。英语备考学案：定语从句常规题型的解题思路定语从句是英语语法的重要组成部分，也是每年高考必定涉及的内容，判断定语从句的引导词是高考中的常见题型。其实解决这个问题是有法可依的。 一、 判断定语从句引导词的一般思路 1. 明确引导词的常规用法 定语从句的引导词在定语从句中不仅起到引导从句的作用，而且都有具体含义，因此定语从句的引导词，包括that，在定语从句中一定充当一个句子成分。从词性上看，这些引导词可以分为两大类：代词和副词。that, which, who, whom，as等为代词，when, where, why等为副词。代词类的引导词在定语从句中可以充当主语、表语或宾语，副词类的引导词可以充当状语。从具体用法上看，that即可代人也可代物，which只能代物，who和whom只能代人，分别作主语和宾语。as引导定语从句时为代词，可作主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中，when作时间状语，where作地点状语，why作原因状语。 2. 明确定语从句的逻辑语序 一般说来,定语从句和其他各类从句一样采用陈述句的语序，但实际上和一般陈述句的语序并不完全相同。相同之处在于和陈述句一样，定语从句也是主语在前、谓语动词在后的语序，不同之处在于引导词要位于从句句首，因为引导词的作用就在于引导从句。如上文分析，定语从句的引导词既是从句中的一个句子成分，还必须位于从句句首，这就造成了从句的实际语序和逻辑语序不一致的现象，对理解引导词在定语从句中充当的成分造成困难，分析从句的逻辑语序就成了确定引导词在从句中充当何种句子成分的有效手段。 3. 明确句子成分的基本概念 分析定语从句的实际语序和逻辑语序离不开对各种基本句子成分的概念的准确理解。一般说来，主语和宾语由名词或代词充当，而表示时间、地点或原因的结构往往是句子的状语。根据定语从句引导词的词性可以确定that，which，who，whom，as等代词性的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，而when，where，why等副词在从句中作状语。 4. 确定定语从句引导词的一般思路 在明确了引导词的常规用法、定语从句的逻辑语序和句子成分的基本概念之后，我们可以通过如下思路逐步确定定语从句的引导词： （1） 通过分析定语从句的逻辑语序确定引导词在句中是何成分。 （2） 根据引导词在从句中充当的成分确定引导词的词性。如果引导词在从句中为主语或宾语，则引导词为代词，并且定语从句中充当宾语的引导词可以省略；如果引导词在句中为状语，则引导词为副词。 （3） 确定了引导词的词性之后，参考先行词和句意最终确定引导词。如果引导词为代词，其必然代指先行词。先行词为物，则用that或which，先行词为人，则用that或who（whom）；如果引导词为副词，则根据句意判断其为时间、地点或是原因，分别对应when，where和why。 以上是确定定语从句引导词的一般思路，实际上也是确定其他从句引导词的一般思路。例题分析如下： (1) The doctor _is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 解析 定语从句的逻辑语序应为“the nurse is talking to_”，引导词在从句中作宾语，其词性应为代词，代指先行词the doctor，故引导词应为whom，并且whom应在从句的句首，即whom the nurse is talking to。因whom为宾语，所以可以省略，答案为C。 (2) In fact the Sweden didnt understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 解析 句意为“实际上这个瑞典人并不明白这三个用法语问的问题”，定语从句的引导词为从句的主语，应为代词，代指先行词the three questions，故答案为D。 (3) Anyway, that evening, _Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. (2004浙江) A. when B. where C. what D. which 解析 从句的逻辑语序为Ill tell you more about _ later，引导词作介词about的宾语，所以应为代词，指代先行词that evening，故答案为D。此题的先行词表示时间，很容易错选为A项，但是通过分析从句的逻辑语序可以确定引导词的词性，从而排除副词类的选项A和D。 (4) We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春) A. which B. that C. whose D. when 解析 定语从句的句意为“在这个时代许多事情在电脑上完成”，可见引导词在从句中为时间状语，故答案为D。 高中英语语法总结大全之定语从句定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club? w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m as, which非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。As 的用法例1. the same as；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m what/whatever/that. 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 解答高中英语定语从句中的方法技巧选择引导定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。巧用以下口决，可化难为易。一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用，四看否属特殊。方法一：“一看指人还是物”指人时用who（作主语）、whom(作宾语)和whose(作定语，既指人又指物)；that既可指人又可指物，但在当代英语中多指物；which只能指物，that与which在句中作主语或宾语；在非正式文体中，作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。如：In the beginning, people who bought them often got angry. (who指人，修饰先行词people,作从句的主语。)刚开始，买的人经常会生气。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.(which指物，修饰先行词plant,作从句的主语，此处which可换为that。)他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要大量水的作物。Ive bought a new dictionary whose cover is blue.（这里whose指物，在从句中作定语。）我买了一本封皮是蓝色的字典。难点：（1）whose既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”，指物时不可想当然误用which,但可使用“the+n.+of which”的表达方法，也可用“of which +n”的表达方式。例句：Ive bought a new dictionary, the cover of which is blue.Ive bouth a new dictionary of which the cover is blue.(2)在非正式文体中，当引导词who位于从句句首时，可替换whom作宾语。如：Do you know the boy who/whom we talked to just now?方法二：“二看介词在何处”当介词置于从句之首时，若指人，介词之后只能用whom而不能用who或that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。试比较以下两组句子：1Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?(此处介词with之后的whom不可替换为who或that,也不能省略。)Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?(此句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语，可换为who或that,也不能省略。)难点：（1）当who, whom, which, that等引导词在从句中作宾语而省略时，从句中不能再加宾语。如：This is the pen she bought it yesterday.(此处的it应去悼，因为作宾语的which或that已省略。)（2）两个以上的简单句组成一个句子时，必须用关联词来连接两个句子，而不能用代词。如：This is our monitor, without him, we couldnt win the game.(此句中的人称代词him必须改为引导词whom。)Can you see the tall building, in front of it there a large play ground?(此句中的代词it 必须改为引导词which。)方法三：“三看句中作何用”如何选用定语从句中的引导词，关键是要看引导词在从句中作什么成分。若作主语，则在who, that或which之中选择；若作定语，则用whose;若作状语，则在when,where,why之中选择。试比较：1.Have you ever been to the place which/that we visted last year你去过我们去年参观的那个地方吗?Have you ever been to the place where we worked last year?你去过我们去年工作的那个地方吗？以上第一句中的引导词which/that作及物动词visited的宾语，可