高考英语解题思路训练（推断判断）.doc

高考英语阅读理解解题思路训练系列（推断判断题）1.推理判断题是历届高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面。属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例约占30%40%。2.推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。3.常见的设问方式有：The purpose in writing this text is to _.The author intends to _.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?Whats the authors attitude towards.？来 The passage is most likely to be taken from_Where would this passage most probably appear? What will the author talk about in the next passage ?来源:1.推理判断题的正确选项有以下特征：一般其内容的含义比较丰富，更加具有综合性和概括性，尤其当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思时，意义最丰富的选项往往是正确答案。表述一般较模糊，不会用绝对词汇，而会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。有时正确答案反而是与我们通过常识判断得出的结论是相反的。因此，如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相符，而余下的那一个却是反常识的，那么那个选项往往是正确答案。2.解题思路：细节推断题此类题型要理清语篇关系，根据文章提供的时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。态度观点推断题做这一类题时一定要注意：A.由表及里地正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。B.解题时要特别留意作者的措辞，包括描写环境气氛，表达感情、态度观点和心理的形容词、副词、动词以及所举的例子，从而推断出作者的弦外之音。写作意图推断题在做这类题时要注意文中出现的表示原因、结果以及目的的词语，比如the reason why is that; so .that; that is why .;in order to do 等，正确把握文章的内涵，理解作者真正想要表达的思想。猜测想象推理题此类题要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述）和文章的篇章结构，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。文章出处判断题做这类题时要根据文章的内容或文中出现的某些信息词（如research ,blog , reader, news，click等）来判断文章是关于新闻、科学研究、调查报告、广告、娱乐或者是生活常识等，从而判断其出处。常用的文体有a news report ; an ad; a geography book ; a website ; a booklet 等。A(汕头四中2014学年高三月考)You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause othersand even themselvesto feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _. A. strong attachment to (沉浸在)sufferings in life pulls people into victims B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. ones experiences determine his attitude toward life 2.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. B(浙江省教育考试院2014届高考抽测英语样题)What is funny? The short answer is: Who knows? The joke that causes a burst of laughter from one listener might be met with a puzzled look from another.In general, you should avoid jokes at any business or social gathering where there are more than two people in your conversational group. If there are only two people and they consist of you and your best friend go ahead and tell it. Admittedly, a few people possess a perfect sense of timing, appropriateness, and joke delivery. You are probably not one of them. You might be quite funny and have many great jokes. But theres a place for jokes over dinner with family, hiking with friends, but business or social affairs with colleagues and acquaintances (熟人) are not it. It takes a whole other level of joke-telling ability to put a joke into the more formal conversations. The best jokes come into the conversation so that by the time listeners realize a joke is in progress, the punchline that produces humour is being delivered to their surprise and delight.Jokes dont translate well when youre in a group with mixed backgrounds: those whose first language is not English, those who might not understand a special term or an “in” expression, young people who wouldnt catch a reference to some bit of culture familiar to older people and vice versa (反之亦然). Never joke about another person in the group about their name, habits, hometown, profession, appearance, or past. Its not a question of whether the joke is cheery or appropriate. No one enjoys being singled out this way. When you are the subject of the joke, the laughter doesnt feel good no matter how hard you try to tell yourself theyre not laughing at you. Because thats what it feels like.What do you say if you realize your joke upset someone? Apologize as briefly and as sincerely as you can, and hope that someone changes the subject. Try saying: “Im sorry. I should have known better” or “Im sorry. I wasnt thinking.” What do you do if people dont get your joke or dont appear to find it as funny as you do? First, do not retell it, only louder this time, hoping the point of the joke will be seen. Second, dont try to push people to get it. People do not like people whose jokes they dont understand. They feel stupid and need to blame someone. If you want to leave with the goodwill of your listeners, say something to make them feel less foolish. You could say: “I dont know why I tell jokes when Im so poor at it.”The world needs laughter, and good humour is a success wherever it goes, so this caveat (告诫) about joke-telling is not meant to dampen high spirits or to advocate dull conversation. If youre a gifted story-teller and you know people love your jokes, go for it. We need your kind. The rest of us will save our jokes for family and close friends.4.Which of the following best describes the writers opinion on joke-telling?来源:Zxxk.ComA. Nobody knows what makes a joke funny.B. We should not tell jokes unless we are asked to do so.C. Joke-telling is a very complex thing.D. Jokes should be told only to friends and family members.5.Why do some jokes fail to work?A. Because the punchline is too long to catch.B. Because the joke-teller uses wrong words and expressions.C. Because the joke-teller and listeners dont share the same background knowledge.D. Because the jokes are not properly translated into the listeners native language.6.How will people feel when they are joked about?A. They will feel happy if the joke is a pleasant one.B. They will be upset no matter what kind of joke it is.C. They will enjoy the joke when realizing that people are not laughing at them.D. They will panic because it makes them the center of attention.7.When people do not understand a joke they hear, they tend to _.A. believe its the joke-tellers faultB. get someone to retell the jokeC. ask for explanationD. say something foolish来源:学#科#网A(浙江省绍兴县鲁迅中学2013年适应性考试英语试卷)My mind went blank when I saw the gun pointing against the car window as we pulled out of the garage. This cant be happening to me. Then I felt the gun, cold, against my head, and I heard my friend Jeremy saying, “What do you want? Take my wallet,” but at the time I thought of nothing. I remember being a little annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. I remember the walk to the house - Jeremy, me, the two men with two guns. I remember the fear and anger in the gunmens voices because Jeremy was being slow, and I remember wondering why he was being slow. I did not realize that Jeremy had thrown the keys into the bush. But I remember that sound of the gun hitting Jeremys head and the feeling as the man who had hold of my hair released me. And I remember the split second when I realized he was looking at Jeremy, and I remember wondering how far I could run before he pulled the trigger. But I was already running, and upon reaching the car across the street, I didnt crouch(蹲伏) behind it but screamed instead. I remember thinking there was something ridiculous and illogical about screaming “Help, help!” at eight oclock on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea(恳求) to the more specific “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremys screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled. The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the police to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, “Please go and eat. Were O.K.” I was happy to see them go. They had been talking of stricter sentences for criminals, of bringing back the death penalty(处罚) and how the President is going to clean up the country. I was thinking, they could be saying all of this over my dead body, and I still feel that stiffer sentences wouldnt change a thing. In a rush all the anger I should have felt for my attackers was directed against these contented people standing in front of their warm, comfortable homes talking about all the guns they were going to buy. What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me? People all over the neighborhood had called to report our screams, and the police turned out in force twenty minutes later. They were ill-tempered about what was, to them, much trouble about nothing. After all, Jeremy was hardly hurt, and we were hopeless when it came to describing the gunmen. “Typical,” said one policeman when we couldnt even agree on how tall the men were. Both of us were able to describe the guns in horrifying detail, but the two policemen who stayed to make the report didnt think that would be much help. The policemen were matter-of-fact about the whole thing. The thin one said, “That was a stupid thing to do, throwing away the keys. When a man has a gun against your head you do what youre told.” Jeremy looked properly embarrassed. Then the fat policeman came up and the thin one went to look around the outside of the house. “That was the best thing you could have done, throwing away the keys,” he said. “If you had gone into the house with them” His voice became weaker. “They would have hurt her” he twisted his head toward me “and killed you both.” Jeremy looked happier. “Look,” said the fat policeman kindly, “theres no right or wrong in the situation. Theres just luck.” All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. How long did the whole thing last? Three minutes, five, eight? No matter how many hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time - no intelligent response to a gun. The fat cop was right. Theres only luck. The next time I might end up dead. And Im sure there will be a next time. It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Security is an illusion(幻觉); there is no safety in locks or in guns. Guns make some people feel safe and some people feel strong, but theyre fooling themselves.1.What the author wants to tell us is that_. A. neighbors are not helpful in moments of difficulty B. the police are not reliable when one is in trouble C. security is impossible as long as people can have guns D. preventing robbers entering your house is the best choice2.What most possibly drove the two gunmen away? A. Jeremys fighting B. The authors screaming C. Their neighbors brave action D. The polices arrival3.When the author called for help, the neighbors didnt come out immediately because _ A. they were much too frightened B. they were busy preparing dinners C. they needed time to find baseball bats D. they thought someone was playing a trick4.The author was happy to see the neighbors go because _. A. she hated to listen to their empty talk B. she did not want to become an object of pity C. she was angered by their being late to come to her help D. she wanted to be left alone with Jeremy to get over the shock5.The police were rather angry because _.A. the author was not hurt and gave a false alarm B. they thought it was a case of little importanceC. the author and Jeremy could not tell the police anythingD. the gunmen had already fled when they arrived on the scene B(河北省衡水中学2014届高三四调)It is often said that man has become the enemy of our planet. This is no exaggeration(夸张), for reports show that mans greed has done much to destroy the earth. Man, in his greedy desire for financial growth, has polluted the air, land and water, and has robbed our valuable natural resources. Mans industrial plants pour out poisonous waste that pollutes the sea and puts life in the sea under the threat of dying out; at the same time, they release alarming amounts of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other pollutants. Small wonder that the air now is much warmer and more impure than ever before. Of course, this is not just because of mans greedit is mans pressing need as well. For instance, in developing countries, huge financial foreign debts have forced governments to approve the cutting of forests for agriculture or ranching. As a result, forests are cut down just to meet mans immediate needs. Perhaps unknowingly，man has changed the make-up of the earths atmosphere. Scientific studies have shown that CFCs used in refrigerators and industrial cleaners are fast destroying the ozone layera protective layer in the atmosphere that protects us against the harmful effects of the suns ultraviolet (紫外线)rays. In fact, documented reports have shown a terrible fact that there are “holes” in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. And they appear to be expanding. Faced with these environmental problems, world