高二M5unit2词汇和语法整理.doc

M5 Unit 2 The Environment一.重点短语1 按照我们一贯的程序 follow our usual schedule 2被工业污染破坏 be damaged by industrial waste 3进入大气中 go into the atmosphere4消灭，摧毁 wipe out5捕捞大量的鱼不让它们有产卵的时间 catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs6需要更多的土地来居住 need more land to live on 7变成一个大问题 turn into a big problem 8环保的生活方式 environmentally friendly ways of living9对我们的环境现状很担忧 be very concerned about the present situation of our environment 10滚滚烟尘 clouds of dirty smoke 11向河中倾倒化学废物 pour chemical waste into a river 12逃避对环境的责任 hide from the responsibilities to the environment 13将金钱视为敌人 regard / consider /treat / think of money as the enemy 14对帮助双方都有利的关键 the key to helping both sides 15征询周边人 ask about the people around 16人口的迅速增长 the rapid growing population/ rapid population grows 17导致饮用水的不安全 result in unsafe drinking water 18意识到保护长江的重要性recognize/ realize the importance of protecting the Yangtze River 19正在实施中 be under way 20禁止渔船进入这片水域 prevent from entering this area 21为解决长江的各种问题还有很长的路要走 have a long way to go to solve all the problems 22保护这条他们所挚爱的河流的努力 the efforts to protect this much-loved river 23在将来会得到后人是肯定 be appreciated by future generations in the coming years 24. environmental protection 25. make space for26. raw materials 27. economic development28. conflict with each other 29. The expressions needs to be changed30. do research into 31. pick out32. present your point of view 32. face serious environmental problems33. do ones part 34. much loved river35. blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb 36.in particular37. let off 38. last but not least二非谓语用法默写单按要求或提示默写下面动词的用法1. 坚持要求被带到 _insist on being taken to坚持要求做 _ insist on doing2. 希望怀着的希望(做状语) _ hoping / in the hope that_3. 结果却(做状语) _only to do _4. 感激某人做某事 _appreciate one(s) doing sth5. 有挑战的 _challenging_有回报的 _rewarding_6. 坐在椅子上(seat的两种形式作状语) _seated in the chair _seating oneself in the chair 坐在椅子上(sit作状语) _sitting in the chair7. 和相比(做状语的两种形式) _compared with_ _comparing with8. 正在被的事情 _sth being done_已经被的事情 _sth done_即将被的事情 _sth to be done_9. 逃避被 _escape being done_10.独立主格的形式(同时主动) _n/pron(主格)+doing _独立主格的形式(同时被动) _n/pron(主格)+done_独立主格的形式(已经被动) _n/pron(主格)+having been done_独立主格的形式(已经主动) _n/pron(主格)+having done_11. 从句经常省略主语和be动词的前提: _主从句的主语一致_12. 剩下的钱(remain) _the remaining money_剩下的钱(leave) _the money left_13. 考虑到(consider做独立状语) _considering_14. 动名词复合结构做主语形式: _sbs doing sth_动名词复合结构做宾语形式: _ sb(s) doing sth_15. 什么都没做除了做(but) _do nothing but do _ 别无选择只好做(but) _have no choice but to do16. allow的用法(2种) _allow sb to do _ _allow doing _17. 花费时间被(spend) _spend some time done_ 花费尽可能多的时间做(spend) _spend as much time as one could doing18. 容易被完成 _easy to finish_19. 似乎要做 _seem to do _似乎正在 _seem to be doing_似乎已经 _seem to have done_20. 没有必要做(已经发生) _there is no need to have done没有必要做(未发生) _there is no need to do21. 非谓语动词的否定形式: _not + 非谓语动词_22. 考虑到一切(状语) _taking everything into cosideration一切被考虑到(状语) _everything taken into consideration23. 逮到某人做 _catch sb doing _24. 使某人做(send) _send sb doing_送某人去做(send) _send sb to do _25. 使他们的眼睛盯着 _have their eyes fixed on 眼睛盯着 _fix their eyes on _ 使他们的注意力集中于 _have their attention focused on 集中注意力与 _focus their attention on三. 请背诵和保存：a. 后接动名词的动词 admit 承认 / advise 建议 / allow 允许 / appreciate 感激 / avoid 避免 / consider 考虑 / delay 推迟 / deny 否认 / discuss 讨论 / dislike 不喜欢 / enjoy 喜爱 / escape 逃脱 / excuse 原谅 / fancy 设想 / finish 完成 / forbid 禁止 / forgive 原谅 / imagine 想像 / keep 保持 / mention 提及 / mind 介意 / miss 没赶上 / pardon 原谅 / permit 允许 / practise 练习 / prevent 阻止 / prohibit 禁止 / put off 推迟 / report 报告 / risk 冒险 / stop 停止 / suggest 建议 / carry on 继续 / cant help 禁不住 / feel like 想要 / give up 放弃 / keep on 继续 / put off 推迟 / set about 开始，着手 / object to 反对 / insist on 坚持 / pay attention to 注意 / stick to 坚持 / get down to 开始认真做 / look forwards to 期盼 / be get used to 习惯于 / lead to 导致 / be devoted to 致力于，专用于， b. 后接不定式作宾语的动词 afford 负担得起 / arrange 安排 / ask 要求 / care 想要 / choose 决定 / decide 决定 / demand 要求 / determine 决心 / expect 期待，预计 / help 帮助 / hesitate 犹豫 / hope 希望 / long 渴望 / manage 渴望设法 / offer 主动提出 / plan 计划 / prepare 准备 / pretend 假装 / promise 答应 / refuse 拒绝 / want 想要 / wish 希望，特殊情况： 一、后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词 这类动词常见的有：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 / cant bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图 /等。二、 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词 forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式或动名词含义不同 动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前。三、mean后接不定式或动名词含义不同 动词 mean 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词作宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。如：”I didnt mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。What he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 四、try后接不定式或动名词含义不同 try 接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词作宾语时，表示尝试，意思是“试着做”。如：Ill try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 五、need, require, want, deserve后接不定式或动名词语态不同 need, require, want, 等表示“需要”的动词后另一动词作宾语时，该动词用不定式或动名词均可，但是其语态不同，即动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，而不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义。如：The flowers need watering every day. = The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。注意：若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作，则只能用不定式，不能用动名词。如：I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。 六、cant help后接不定式或动名词含义不同 cant help 后接不定式时，意思是“不能帮忙做某事”；接动名词作宾语时，意思是“禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事”。如：Im very busy now, so I cant help (to) clean the room. 我现在很忙，因此不能帮助打扫房间。The girl couldnt help crying when she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。说明：以下两个动词后接不定式或动名词(不一定是用作宾语)意思也不同：go on to do sth (做完某事后)继续做另一事) (不定式作状语)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 (动名词作状语)stop to do sth 停下正在做的事以便去做另一事 (不定式作状语)stop doing sth) 停做正在做的事 (动名词作宾语) 七、只能后接不定式的动词和短语归纳有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词。 如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do / try ones best, make an attempt, (努力), learn(