2019高考英语3-2-1精品系列专项25新题型——七选五阅读理解(学生版).doc

2019高考英语3-2-1精品系列专项25新题型七选五阅读理解（学生版）【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布目前考察7选5阅读理解的省份有北京，宁夏、海南，辽宁和新课标1地区。2017年宁夏推出了阅读理解新题型,2017年辽宁省也选用了这一题型,如果希望明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句.段与段之间的逻辑关系.是普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏卷)说明中的要求.阅读填空题就很好地表达了这一要求。【考点pk】 名师考点透析根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为句子填空题,段落摘要,带选项的段落摘要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开,这些题型的出题思路大同小异,一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。1考查内容均为细节每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写,不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.2所填答案基本唯一虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案,但是所有答案均来自于原文,不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒,但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的,只考查考生的阅读能力,而无意检验考生的写作能力.3凸显构成语段的方式一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦?只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。 根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门，为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。【三年高考】 09、10、11 、12高考试题及其解析2018高考英语试题 2018辽宁卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves selfworth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. _71_ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.1. Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2. Start a conversation.Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. _72_ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.3. _73_Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.4. Let it grow. 2018课标全国卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Kids health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. _71_ Some ways of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedont solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. _72_ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2) Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. _73_(3) Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. _74_ Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. 2018北京卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a codirector of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfrespect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _74_“Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional(情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life，”she says.Whatt the best way to up your EQ(情商)？For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.2017高考英语试题（2017新课标卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Money MattersParents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start tallking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.1. The basic function of moneyBeing explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services.its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have.If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier .72 when your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money,explain,”You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or,if the request is for many different things, say.“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3. 74 （2017辽宁卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.1. 72 People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percentreduced chance of Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.2. Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 （2017北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Public speaking and critical thinkingWhat is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,its a matter of logic （逻辑）of being able to spot weaknesses in other people s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking the ability to see clearly their lationships among ideas. 71 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking. 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.2017高考英语试题高考题（2017高考辽宁卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 71 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”At first I was paid in candy. 72 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. 73 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74 (2017高考英语北京卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called elevator (电梯) music because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 A. Some people dont like Muzak.B. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.2017高考英语试题高考题（2017高考辽宁卷）（A）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。71 Home can be a great place for children to study. Its important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends. _74_Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 75 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.A.Attitude Is Everything.B.Bring Organization into Your Home.C.Here are several ways to choose a location.D.Building a Good Home Learning Environment.E.Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.F.Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.G.A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.73. 【答案】G【解析】第三段主要讲述家长个鼓励孩子把东西铺开，给孩子拥有权是尊重，但学习的地方不是游戏室，主要建议保持整洁，由Ownership is very important for self-respect可知孩子学会管理自己的空间，也对自己的人生产生影响，所以孩子学会管理自己的空间将会把组织带入自己的生活，应选G。高考题（高考英语宁夏卷2017）（A）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. 71 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. 74 Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair. 75 This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable. A. Pick a place where your children can study properly. B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. C. Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too. E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward. G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to. 【两年模拟】 11、12名校模拟题及其答案2018名校模拟【2018届黑龙江哈三中10月考】for talking by reducing the number of activities your family is involved in each week. And if you do find yourself in the car running from place to place, make a point to turn off the radio, the cell phones and the personal game players, and use that opportunity to catch up on the days activities.2. Insist on family meals.In addition to bringing everyone together for a wrap-up of the days activities, insisting on a few standing family meals creates ritual and routine that kids come to expect and look forward to. _72_3. _73_Spending time with each of your children lets them know that are not getting lost in the hubbub of a busy day or large family. Older teens might enjoy going out for a hamburger or a latte at their favorite coffee place. Younger children often enjoy going to the supermarket, especially when you let them select their favorite cereal or special dessert. 4. Remember the 80/20 rule.When trying to improve any relationship, listening is far more important than talking. _74_ If you do verbally explode before your child is finished, apologize quickly and assure him or her that youre now ready to listen.5. Create family traditions._75_ Family members come to expect and appreciate these traditions, seeing them as opportunities to come together as a unit. If your family is short on traditions, theres no reason you cant start some now. 【2018届哈一中高三上学期期中】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Being a good student doesnt mean you have to drop all social activities and dive into your booksIt is still possible to have a healthy social life while getting good grades_71_Here is how you can achieve it:Decide for yourself at the start of the term that you wont let your schoolwork sweep you away_72_Write down your weekly schedule on a piece of paperChances are , youll have small gaps between classes during the week and more free time at the weekendMake sure that every time you find yourself in one of those between-class gaps you use the time efficiently _73_Set aside at least one large amount of time each week as free timeKeep in mind the law of diminishing returns （收益递减）Past a certain point more hours studying will be of little benefit_74_ Protect both your free time and your school time carefully If one starts to infringe （侵犯） on the other that is just the beginning of a long, slippery downhill slope（斜坡）_75_This way, you can co-ordinate（协调） your free time with theirsWhenever possible, find social activities that take you off campus and away from your schoolworkABalance is the key BEncourage your friends to follow a similar planCIt is very important to be determined about thisDTry not to affect others time and just focus on your ownEYoure better off spending this time with friendsFYou can spend more time on social life than on studyGRead a few pages of your school book or do some quick chores（杂活）,for example【2018届河南省洛阳市高三期中】（共5 小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。A. Try to wake up naturally.B. Relax yourself completely.C. Your health is very important.D. Solve your issues before going to sleep.E. You must want to remember your dreams.F. Many people cant remember their dreams.G. Pay attention to the main issues on your mind.【2018届北京四中期中试题】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where weve never been before.But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line _71 imagine how youd feel if you were in the other persons shoes.For anything youre about to send, ask yourself, “Would I say this to the persons face?” if the answer is no, rewrite and reread. _72If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能) is to fire b