英语人教版八年级下册Treasure Island.docx

金银岛描述在十八世纪中英国少年吉姆从垂危水手彭斯手中得到传说中的藏宝岛,于当地乡绅支援下组织探险队前往金银岛.海盗头子约翰西尔弗应征船上厨师,一群手下也上船充当水手.到达金银岛时,吉姆遇到在荒岛上独处三年的水手班恩,而西尔弗则发动叛变占据帆船.吉姆被提上帆船,危急时西尔弗竟出手相救,因而跟其他海盗发生矛盾.最后李福西医生与班恩合作对付海盗,也成功取得宝藏.Treasure Islandis anadventure novelby Scottish authorRobert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of buccaneersandburied gold. Its influence is enormous onpopular perceptions of pirates, including such elements astreasure mapsmarked with an X,schooners,the Black Spot,tropical islands, and one-legged seamen bearingparrotson their shoulders.1Treasure Islandis traditionally considered acoming-of-age storyand is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action. It is one of the most frequently dramatized of all novels. It was originally serialized in the childrens magazineYoung Folksbetween 1881 through 1882 under the titleTreasure Island, or the mutiny of the Hispaniola, credited to the pseudonym Captain George North. It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883, byCassell & Co.Plot summaryeditPART ITHE OLD BUCCANEERAn old sailor, calling himself the captainreal name Billy Bonescomes to lodge at the Admiral Benbow Inn on thewest English coastduring the mid-1700s, paying Bob the innkeepers son, Jim Hawkins, a few pennies to keep a lookout fora one-legged seafaring man. A seaman with intact legs shows up, frightening Billywho drinks far too much ruminto a stroke, and Billy tells Jim that his former shipmates covet the contents of his sea chest. After a visit from yet another man, Billy has another stroke and dies; Jim and his mother (his father has also died just a few days before) unlock the sea chest, finding some money, a journal, and a map. The local physician, Dr. Livesey, deduces that the map is of an island where a deceased pirateCaptain Flintburied a vast treasure. Thedistrict squire, Trelawney, proposes buying a ship and going after the treasure, taking Livesey as ships doctor and Jim as cabin boy.PART IITHE SEA COOKSeveral weeks later, Trelawney sends for Jim and Livesey and introduces them to Long John Silver, a one-leggedBristoltavern-keeper whom he has hired as ships cook. (Silver enhances hisoutreattributescrutch, pirateargot, etc.with a talking parrot.) They also meet Captain Smollett, who tells them that he dislikes most of the crew on the voyage, which it seems everyone in Bristol knows is a search for treasure. After taking a few precautions, however, they set sail on Trelawneysschooner, theHispaniola, for the distant island. During the voyage, the first mate, a drunkard, disappears overboard. And just before the island is sighted, Jimconcealed in an apple barreloverhears Silver talking with two other crewmen. They are all former gentlemen ofortune (pirates) in Flints crew and have planned a mutiny. Jim alerts the captain, doctor, and squire, and they calculate that they will be seven to 19 against the mutineers and must pretend not to suspect anything until the treasure is found when they can surprise their adversaries.PART IIIMY SHORE ADVENTUREBut after the ship is anchored, Silver and some of the others go ashore, and two men who refuse to join the mutiny are killedone with so loud a scream that everyone realizes there can be no more pretense. Jim has impulsively joined the shore party and covertly witnessed Silver committing one of the murders; now, in fleeing, he encounters a half-crazed Englishman, Ben Gunn, who tells him he was marooned here and can help against the mutineers in return for passage home and part of the treasure.PART IVTHE STOCKADEMeanwhile, Smollett, Trelawney, and Livesey, along with Trelawneys three servants and one of the other hands, Abraham Gray, abandon the ship and come ashore to occupy an old abandoned stockade. The men still on the ship, led by the coxswain Israel Hands, run up the pirate flag. One of Trelawneys servants and one of the pirates are killed in the fight to reach the stockade, and the ships gun keeps up a barrage upon them, to no effect, until dark when Jim finds the stockade and joins them. The next morning, Silver appears under a flag of truce, offering terms that the captain refuses, and revealing that another pirate has been killed in the night (by Gunn, Jim realizes, although Silver does not). At Smolletts refusal to surrender the map, Silver threatens an attack, and, within a short while, the attack on the stockade is launched.PART VMY SEA ADVENTUREAfter a battle, the surviving mutineers retreat, having lost six men, but two more of the captains group have been killed and Smollett himself is badly wounded. When Livesey leaves in search of Gunn, Jim runs away without permission and finds Gunns homemadecoracle. After dark, he goes out and cuts the ship adrift. The two pirates on board, Hands and OBrien, interrupt their drunken quarrel to run on deck, but the shipwith Jims boat in her wakeis swept out to sea on the ebb tide. Exhausted, Jim falls asleep in the boat and wakens the next morning, bobbing along on the west coast of the island, carried by a northerly current. Eventually, he encounters the ship, which seems deserted, but getting on board, he finds OBrien dead and Hands badly wounded. He and Hands agree that they will beach the ship at an inlet on the northern coast of the island. As the ship is finally beached, Hands attempts to kill Jim but is himself killed in the attempt. Then, after securing the ship as well as he can, Jim goes back ashore and heads for the stockade. Once there, in utter darkness, he enters the blockhouseto be greeted by Silver and the remaining five mutineers, who have somehow taken over the stockade in his absence.PART VICAPTAIN SILVERSilver and the others argue about whether to kill Jim, and Silver talks them down. He tells Jim that, when everyone found the ship was gone, the captains party agreed to a treaty whereby they gave up the stockade and the map. In the morning, the doctor arrives to treat the wounded and sick pirates and tells Silver to look out for trouble when they find the site of the treasure. After he leaves, Silver and the others set out with the map, taking Jim along as hostage. They encounter a skeleton, arms apparently oriented toward the treasure, which seriously unnerves the party. Eventually, they find the treasure cacheempty. Two of the pirates charge at Silver and Jim but are shot down by Livesey, Gray, and Gunn, from ambush. The other three run away, and Livesey explains that Gunn has long ago found the treasure and taken it to his cave.In the next few days, they load the treasure onto the ship, abandon the three remaining mutineers (with supplies and ammunition) and sail away. At their first port inSpanish America, where they will sign on more crew, Silver steals a bag of money and escapes. The rest sail back to Bristol and divide up the treasure. Jim says there is more left on the island, but he for one will not undertake another voyage to recover it.爱丽丝奇境历险记讲述了小姑娘爱丽丝追赶一只揣着怀表、会说话的白兔，掉进了一个兔子洞，由此坠入了神奇的地下世界。在这个世界里，喝一口水就能缩得如同老鼠大小，吃一块蛋糕又会变成巨人，同一块蘑菇吃右边就变矮，吃其左边则又长高，狗发脾气时便咆哮和摇尾巴，而猫咆哮和摇尾巴却是因为高兴。在这个世界里，似乎所有吃的东西都有古怪。她还遇到了一大堆人和动物：渡渡鸟、蜥蜴比尔、柴郡猫、疯帽匠、三月野兔、睡鼠、素甲鱼、鹰头狮、丑陋的公爵夫人。她在一扇小门后的大花园里遇到了一整副的扑克牌，牌里粗暴的红桃王后、老好人红桃国王和神气活现的红桃杰克（J）等等。爱丽丝帮助兔子寻找丢失的扇子和手套，她之后还帮三个园丁躲避红王后的迫害，她还在荒诞的法庭上大声抗议国王和王后对好人的诬陷。在这个奇幻疯狂的世界里，似乎只有爱丽丝是唯一清醒的人，她不断探险，同时又不断追问“我是谁”，在探险的同时不断认识自我，不断成长，终于成长为一个“大”姑娘的时候，猛然惊醒，才发现原来这一切都是自己的一个梦境。Alices Adventures in Wonderland(commonly shortened toAlice in Wonderland) is an 1865novelwritten by English mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonymLewis Carroll. It tells of a girl namedAlicefalling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by peculiar,anthropomorphiccreatures. The tale plays withlogic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children.1It is considered to be one of the best examples of theliterary nonsensegenre.12Itsnarrativecourse and structure,charactersand imagery have been enormously influential2in both popular culture and literature, especially in thefantasygenre.PloteditChapter One Down the Rabbit Hole:Aliceis feeling bored and drowsy while sitting on the riverbank with her older sister, who is reading a book with no pictures or conversations. She then notices aWhite Rabbitwearing a waistcoat and pocket watch, talking to itself as it runs past. She follows it down a rabbit hole, but suddenly falls a long way to a curious hall with many locked doors of all sizes. She finds a small key to a door too small for her to fit through, but through it she sees an attractive garden. She then discovers a bottle on a table labelled DRINK ME, the contents of which cause her to shrink too small to reach the key, which she has left on the table. She eats a cake with EAT ME written on it in currants as the chapter closes.Chapter Two The Pool of Tears: Chapter Two opens with Alice growing to such a tremendous size that her head hits the ceiling. Alice is unhappy and, as she cries, her tears flood the hallway. After shrinking down again due to a fan she had picked up, Alice swims through her own tears and meets aMouse, who is swimming as well. She tries to make small talk with him in elementary French (thinking he may be a French mouse) but her opening gambit O est ma chatte? (Where is my cat?) offends the mouse and he tries to escape her.Chapter Three The Caucus Race and a Long Tale: The sea of tears becomes crowded with other animals and birds that have been swept away by the rising waters. Alice and the other animals convene on the bank and the question among them is how to get dry again. The Mouse gives them a very dry lecture onWilliam the Conqueror. ADododecides that the best thing to dry them off would be aCaucus-Race, which consists of everyone running in a circle with no clear winner. Alice eventually frightens all the animals away, unwittingly, by talking about her (moderately ferocious) cat.Chapter Four The Rabbit Sends a Little Bill: The White Rabbit appears again in search of the Duchesss gloves and fan. Mistaking her for his maidservant, Mary Ann, he orders Alice to go into the house and retrieve them, but once she gets inside she starts growing. The horrified Rabbit orders his gardener,Bill the Lizard, to climb on the roof and go down the chimney. Outside, Alice hears the voices of animals that have gathered to gawk at her giant arm. The crowd hurls pebbles at her, which turn into little cakes. Alice eats them, and they make her smaller again.Chapter Five Advice from a Caterpillar: Alice comes upon a mushroom; sitting on it is a blueCaterpillarsmoking ahookah. The Caterpillar questions Alice and she admits to her current identity crisis, compounded by her inability to remember a poem. Before crawling away, the caterpillar tells Alice that one side of the mushroom will make her taller and the other side will make her shorter. She breaks off two pieces from the mushroom. One side makes her shrink smaller than ever, while another causes her neck to grow high into the trees, where a pigeon mistakes her for a serpent. With some effort, Alice brings herself back to her normal height. She stumbles upon a small estate and uses the mushroom to reach a more appropriate height.Chapter Six Pig and Pepper: A Fish-Footman has an invitation for theDuchessof the house, which he delivers to a Frog-Footman. Alice observes this transaction and, after a perplexing conversation with the frog, lets herself into the house. The Duchesss Cook is throwing dishes and making a soup that has too much pepper, which causes Alice, the Duchess, and her baby (but not the cook or grinningCheshire Cat) to sneeze violently. Alice is given the baby by the Duchess and to her surprise, the baby turns into a pig. The Cheshire Cat appears in a tree, directing her to theMarch Hares house. He disappears, but his grin remains behind to float on its own in the air, prompting Alice to remark that she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat.Chapter Seven A Mad Tea-Party: Alice becomes a guest at a mad tea party along with theMarch Hare, theHatter, and a very tiredDormousewho falls asleep frequently, only to be violently woken up moments later by the March Hare and the Hatter. The characters give Alice many riddles and stories, including the famous Why is a raven like a writing desk?. The Hatter reveals that they have tea all day because Time has punished him by eternally standing still at 6pm (tea time). Alice becomes insulted and tired of being bombarded with riddles and she leaves, claiming that it was the stupidest tea party that she had ever been to.Chapter Eight The Queens Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden, where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red becauseThe Queen of Heartshates white roses. A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden. Alice then meets the King and Queen. The Queen, a figure difficult to please, introduces her trademark phrase Off with her head!, which she utters at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Alice is invited (or some might say ordered) to play a game of croquet with the Queen and the rest of her subjects, but the game quickly descends into chaos. Liveflamingosare used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls, and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat. The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him. Because the cat belongs to the Duchess, the Queen is prompted to release the Duchess from prison to resolve the matter.Chapter Nine The Mock Turtles Story: The Duchess is brought to the croquet ground at Alices request. She ruminates on finding morals in everything around her. The Queen of Hearts dismisses her with the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to theGryphon, who takes her to theMock Turtle. The Mock Turtle is very sad, even though he has no sorrow. He tries to tell his story about how he used to be a real turtle in school, which the Gryphon interrupts so that they can play a game.Chapter Ten Lobster Quadrille: The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon dance to the Lobster Quadrille, while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) Tis the Voice of the Lobster. The Mock Turtle sings them Beautiful Soup during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial.Chapter Eleven Who Stole the Tarts?: Alice attends a trial in which theKnave of Heartsis accused of stealing the Queens tarts. The jury is composed of various animals, includingBill the Lizard; the White Rabbit is the courts trumpeter; and the judge is theKing of Hearts. During the proceedings, Alice finds that she is steadily growing larger. The dormouse scolds Alice and tells her she has no right to grow at such a rapid pace and take up all the air. Alice scoffs and calls the dormouses accusation ridiculous because everyone grows and she cannot help it. Meanwhile, witnesses at the trial include the Hatter, who displeases and frustrates the King through his indirect answers to the questioning, and the Duchesss cook.Chapter Twelve Alices Evidence: Alice is then called up as a witness. She accidentally knocks over the jury box with the animals inside, and the King orders the animals to be placed back into their seats before the trial continues. The King and Queen order Alice to be gone, citing Rule 42 (All persons more than a mile high must leave the court), but Alice disputes their judgement and refuses to leave. She argues with the King and Queen of Hearts over the ridiculous proceedings, eventually refusing to hold her tongue. The Queen shouts her familiar Off with her head! but Alice is unafraid, calling them out as just a pack of cards, just as they start to swarm over her. Alices sister wakes her up from a dream, brushing what turns out to be some leaves, and not a shower of playing cards, from Alices face. Alice leaves her sister on the bank to imagine all the curious happenings for herself.小妇人这部小说带有自传性质，生动地描写了一个美国家庭马奇家四姐妹的成长过程。南北战争时父亲常年随军在外，她们伴着慈爱的母亲生活在小城镇。四姐妹的性格是既有共性又有个性的。共性是她们都生活于一个和谐的家庭，父母慈爱，子女孝顺，伦理观念强，相爱互助，自强自立，个性是大姐梅格是贤妻良母型，结婚后相夫教子，持家有道。二姐乔，也就是本书主角，开朗豁达，独立自尊，为了帮助家庭，成年后热衷于写作，所得稿费贴补家用。该书作者粗放的性格和想当作家的梦想，在乔的身上得到充分的体现。三妹贝思性格内向，善弹琴，音乐上有造诣，由于体弱多病，少年夭折。四妹艾米是淑女型，注重体态举止，喜爱尝试艺术，对绘画雕塑有审美能力，但在年少时也有其虚荣心态。母亲是家庭支柱，注重子女教育，培养她们不趋附金钱权势和助人为乐的优良品德。虽然家境贫寒，但在可能条件下，还要去帮助更为困难的人们。她们家的邻居劳伦斯家有祖孙二人，爷爷慈祥，孙子劳里热情，都乐于助人。在两家的交往中，马奇家始终处于不亢不卑的状态，但也不失热忱。劳伦斯家比较富裕，但不以财炫人，相互间以平等姿态对待，真是互为芳邻。Little Womenis a novel by American authorLouisa May Alcott(18321888), which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869. Alcott wrote the books rapidly over several months at the request of her publisher.12The novel follows the lives of four sistersMeg, Jo, Beth, and Amy Marchdetailing their passage from childhood to womanhood, and is loosely based on the author and her three sisters.Four sisters live with their mother, facing Christmas without their father as theAmerican Civil Waris underway. The family is settled in a new neighborhood, living in genteel poverty after the father lost their money. Meg and Jo March, the elder sisters, both work outside the home for money to support the family. Meg teaches four children in a nearby family, while Jo aids her grand-aunt March, a wealthy widow whose strength is failing. Beth helps with housework, and Amy attends school. Their nearest neighbor is a wealthy man whose orphaned grandson lives with him. The sisters introduce themselves to the handsome shy boy, Laurie, who is the age of Jo. Meg is the beautiful sister; Jo is the tomboy; Beth is the musician; and Amy is the charming artist with blond curls. Jo is impulsive and quick to anger. One of her challenges in growing up is to control acting out