小升初英语语法总结.doc

小升初英语语法总结状语从句什么是状语从句？状语就是在一句话中，表达该句的时间，地点，方式，原因，条件等的成分。 那么状语从句就是用一个从句，表示状语。小升初考试需要掌握的状从：一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、原因、比较和方式。难点：a.掌握连词 b.注意时态，特别是时间，条件状语从句中的主将从现，主从时态一致原则（1）时间状语从句连词：when，while ，as soon as , notuntil ， before，after，since,etc.注意：主将从现，主从时态一致eg.：I will visit my good friend when I have time.Someone knocked at the door when/while I was sleeping.He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.（2）地点状语从句连词:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhereYou can go anywhere you like.（3）条件状语从句连词:if，unless除非, as/so long as只要,once一旦eg.:If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.Youll fail in the exam unless you work harder.（4）结果状语从句：连词: so taht，so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+thateg.: She was so angry that she couldnt speak.She worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 oclock.（5）目的状语从句连词: so that，in order thateg.: Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.（6）让步状语从句连词: although, though, as, even though/if, whetheror not, no matter+疑问词/疑问词-ever（7）原因状语从句连词:because, since/now that, as语气的强弱：because最强，since次之，as最弱（8）比较状语从句连词:asas, not as/soas, than（9）方式状语从句连词:as，as if/though好像小升初英语语法总结祈使句，感叹句，疑问句一祈使句Be careful!Please open your books.Let me have a try.Dont open the door.口诀：祈使句无主语，主语you常省去，动词原形当谓语，句首加dont变否定。二感叹句：用what 和how引导，what 修饰的是名词，how修饰的是副词或形容词。结构：What + a/an + 形+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！How+ 形/副 +（主语+谓语）！_a fine day it is! （What）_useful work we have done! (What)_careful my mother is! (How)_delicious bread it is! (What)做题技巧：从右往左看，先划掉感叹号前的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。三疑问句疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。1. 一般疑问句：需要用yes或no来回答。结构：助动词+主语+谓语Have you locked the door? Yes, I have.Can you play the piano? Yes, I can.2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句特殊疑问词：“非常6+1”，即6个W开头的疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/why）和1个H(How)开头的疑问词。how 与what的其他用法How much money do you want?How many pictures did you buy?How fast does he drive?How often do you go abroad?How many times do you go swimming in summer?How soon will you come back?How long have you been here？（2）What number are you?What color is your coat?What time is it?What day is it today?3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的。选择疑问句不能用Yes和No回答，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试中出现选择疑问句的选择题，选项中的Yes和No都要排除.Do you like tea or coffee？ I like coffee.Do you speak English or French? I speak EnglishWho runs faster, Tom or John? Tom.4.反意疑问句：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。结构：助动词/情态动词+主语， 前肯后否，前否后肯。小升初英语考试中，一般以填空或者选择的形式，让孩子把反义疑问句后半句补充完整，从而来考察孩子对反义疑问句的掌握。He likes playing football, doesnt he?He can speak English, cant he?其他类型反意疑问句的用法（1）There be 变成be thereThere are 3 dogs, arent there?There will be a meeting tomorrow, wont there?(2)祈使句后的反意疑问句：肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you 或wont you, 否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。Pass me a book, will you?Have another cup of tea, wont you?Dont watch too much TV, will you?Lets go shopping, shall we?Let us go now, will you?(3)陈述部分用 no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?He hardly says such words, does he?(4)陈述句的主语是不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。Everything is right, isnt it?Nothing is in the box, is it?(5)陈述句的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none时，其后的反意疑问句主语用they。Everybody has got the new books, havent they?Everyone knows his job, dont they?Anyone can do that, cant they?No one is interested in math, are they?不定代词做主语的反义疑问句，指物的一般用it反问，指人的用they反问。(6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。She usted to climb the mountain, usednt she?/didnt she?(7)陈述部分有had better + do, 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?(8) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。She said that they were happy, didnt she?You think that you are funny, dont you?_?但如果主句是I think, I believe等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。I think (that) he is serious, isnt he?I dont think (that) he is serious, is he?(9) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 This is important, isnt it? He is unhappy, isnt he?小升初英语语法总结主谓一致1.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时，谓语动词用单数。Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。Everyone is here. 大家都来了。Each of the boys has an apple.2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时，谓语动词用复数。Cattle are farmers friends.The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.3. 主语是：时间，距离，价格等名词，即使是复数形式，谓语动词只用单数。Three years passes quickly.Two meters is not long enough.4.主语是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时，谓语动词用复数。The trousers are not expensive.Your socks are over there.5.主语是：family, class, team, group等名词时，如果是作为整体，谓语动词用单数；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数。Our class is made up of ten students.Our class are working very hard.6. 主语是the number of+名词复数时，表示的数目，谓语动词用单数。但是主语是a number of+名词复数时，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。The number of students in our school is large.A number of students in our school are from America.7.and 连接的两个成对的名词：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示单一的概念，故谓语动词用单数。Where is youe fork and knife?Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.8. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and writer is my uncle.The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.9. and 连接的两个名词前分别有every, each, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.10. 主语是：many a +名词单数；a +名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数。Many a student is interested in English. 很多学生对英语感兴趣。A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。11. 主语是：one or two+名词复数，谓语动词用复数。One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.12. One and a half+名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数。One and a half bananas is left on the table.13.eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also等连接名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。Neither you nor he is right.14.主语是：介词with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.教你几招-2010北京中考英语学科高分解题技巧初三的同学们还有几个月的时间就要开花结果了，在这最后几个月的时间里，同学们自然会遇到大大小小各类考试，同学们在这些考试中结果不用特别在意，最主要的就是找出自己存在的问题，除了井然有序按照自己的步骤进行各科复习、查缺补漏的同时，还应该掌握以下的各类题型的解题技巧，方能在考试中发挥正常，考出理想成绩：听力-对“时间”考察很多听力似乎成了很多考生拿高分的拦路虎。今年中考英语听力分数有所增加，这就要求考生花更多的时间来准备听力。建议大家，平时有空经常放放英语磁带，主动创造英语环境，以此来刺激耳朵的敏感度。其实，听力也有解题技巧。在听力开始前，考生们要先仔细审题，预测考点内容，然后带着预测去听材料就可以增加准确性。对时间、地点、人名这些信息考生一定要养成边听边记的习惯，而且要特别重视时间的间接表达法。在不确定答案的时候，也不要过于执着，这样会浪费考试时间。还有，不要以为听力是不可以进行事后检查的，根据之前记录的信息和掌握的常识，从选项和题干上分析，还是可以查漏补缺的。单项选择-将考查单词、词组在特殊语境中的含义单选包含了比较多的基础知识点，基本上都是考察语法知识点，但会逐渐贴近生活，今年将着重考查单词、词组在特殊语境中的含义。平时考生做了大量的单选题目，可能形成了一种思维定式，看到一题觉得似曾相识，想都没想就下笔答题，这样很容易就被干扰选项迷惑。除了单词、词组的固定搭配外，还要掌握一定的解题技巧。比如“直接法”，哪些动词和“对”搭配，“做形式的”哪些动词是，考生要自己做归纳总结。还有“关键词法”，解题时一定要圈出关键词，平时做练习和模拟考时也要养成这个习惯。答卷应该干净整洁，但是问卷最好多些圈圈点点，这样的举手之劳对解题帮助很大。“前后照应法”特别适用于一问一答式题干的题目。考生不要仅凭自己的经验，而要根据下文找到题目中隐含的意思。另外像“排除法”，就需要考生在审题时可以将一些显而易见的错误选项排除，然后再比较剩下的选项，大大提高答题的正确率。还有“语境情景法”，是要考生耐心地多看几遍题干，可以把选项带入题目。词语填空、单词拼写-相对比较简单，拿高分要熟悉1-6册单词这两个题型相对比较简单，词语填空需要考生对单词研究透彻。比如“参观”有几种词义、几种词性，可能有哪些变形等，是需要全部了解的。然后通读全文，选好词后仔细考虑需不需要变形。在不是非常有把握的前提下，不要填一个词就把它从方框中划掉，应该灵活地填到其他空格中试试。单词拼写要拿高分，就要做到1-6册课本中1600年多个单词都会背、写。平时还可以多翻译一些英语句子，先用英文念一遍，然后再用中文表述一遍。答题时不能脱离句子单看单词，应该先弄清楚句子的意思，不然会