英语人教版八年级下册unit10 Grammar focus.doc

Unit 10 part A (Grammar focus)明光司巷中学 吴翔【教学目标】Ability objectiveTo summarize and consolidate the grammar and usage掌握现在完成时的用法Moral objectiveTo be glad to listen to others opinions and develop interest【教学重点】正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时正确运用for 和since的用法Summarize and consolidate the grammar and usageDistinguish writing styles and learn to write【教学难点】Arise discussion and guide students to ask questions and find answers on their own【教学方法】PWP method, task-based method and interactive approach【教学手段】A tape recorder, multimedia and some pictures【教学过程】Teaching Procedures:Step 1 reviewing The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasntStep 1 Group work 出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。1. How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ Ive had it for three years. 我买了三年了。2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？ Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。3. Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？ Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now. 是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Step 2 精讲点拨for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段” He has studied English for three years. 他学英语3年了。（2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 2003. 他从2003年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago Tim has been here for five years.= Tim has been here since five years ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。He has taught here since he came to China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in school.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。（5）现在完成时常用句型：It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is seven days since last month.从上个月到现在已经七天了。It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。（6）二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。Have you had this book? 这本书你买多久了?For a week./Since a week ago.买一周了。since ，for 引导的时间状语 不能 与非延续性动词的肯定式连用. I have bought this computer since four years ago. I have had this computer since four years ago. I havent bought anything for two months. He has died for many years. 非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave be away borrow keep buy have begin/start be on die be dead finish - be overopen sth keep sth open fall ill be ill get upbe up, come here be here, join be on +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,go there be there, become be, come backbe back, fall asleep be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach be (in), leave be away from, get to know know, go (get) out tie out， put onwear,catch a cold have a cold, get marriedbe married 等如：The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since the old man died.Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago.He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days.Step 3 练习 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since.Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. I have had a camera since 2009.4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago. I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. Linda has been ill since Monday.4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They_(never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We_ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a (n)_? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a (n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow long Tony favorite bookfor two yearsbasketballsince he was 10 years oldstudent 1student 2First ask two students about the two questions, and then have them talk