情态动词用法小结.doc

情态动词用法小结华坪一中教师：周志松摘要：情态动词的用法早在初中英语教材里出现过，一直到高中阶段的高考复习，历来都是广大师生最头疼的一大难题。 现结合本人多年来的教学体会以及该语法项目出现在现行初高中教材的先后顺序，将这一语法项目以课案的形式归纳总结如下，供大家参考，欢迎商榷指正。关键词：情态动词、命令、请求、复合谓语课题：情态动词用法归纳总结(第一课时)教学目标: 通过本节课的归纳复习让大家对初中阶段所学情态动词用法有一个全面的了解， 为高中阶段的情态动词学习做好铺垫。课时：一节课教学难点：1、can , may could情态动词等表示请求、允许、许可等含义的用法。2、must、have to的用法。3、may 对现在或将来事情做简单的推测判断。教学重点：1、must与have to表示必须、不得不等含义的用法。2、can 、 could、 be able to表示能力的用法。3、can 、may 、 could、 will、 would等情态动词等表示请求、允许、许可等含义的用法。4、must、 may 对现在或将来事情做简单的推测判断。5、适当的练习。教学步骤：第一步： 组织教学、说明本节课的教学内容（略）第二步：引导学生自主归纳总结知识点，老师帮助学生整理并书写在黑板上。1、can、 could、be able to表示能力的用法Can 表示能够时与短语be able to 意思相同，只表示现在和将来，可用于各种句式。例如：例1、-Can you make a cake?-Yes, I can, its easy -No, I cant, Its too hard.例2、I can lift this stone. 例3、I can not promise you any thing例4、We can discuss your paper after lunch.Be able to 则可以用于各种时态，如需强调将来时间时， 则多用shall/will be able to，单纯叙述过去事实时，最好用was或were able to。例如：例5、I shall be able to earn my living soon.例6、He says he ll be able to be home for Christmas.例7、I was able to help you yesterday.例8、They were able to catch the train to Beijing if they got up on time.Could主要指过去。例如：例9、I said I could go .例10、I could read books when I was four.2、must与have to表示必须、不得不等含义的用法Must表示说话人的主观愿望或看法，要求对方必须做某件事或者怎么样，多用于肯定句或问句， 否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to，不能用mustnt 。例如：例1、You must bring your home work here tomorrow morning.例2、We must obey the rules of the school.例3、-Must I finish my homework before I go home?-Yes, you must. -No, You neednt-No, you dont have to.（ (因为mustnt意思是禁止、不准，不符意境。)Have to 则表示表示客观的义务或需要， 可用于各种句式和时态。 例如：例3、She knew what she had to do.例4、Do I have to take care of these young tree?例5、He doesnt have to be early so early.3、can 、may 、 could、 will、 would等情态动词等表示请求、允许、许可等含义的用法。在疑问句中表请求对方允许时，多用can和may ，有时也用could，但语气较can更委婉, 肯定回答一般多不用，以避免语气生硬，而用比较委婉的说法来回答。否定回答多用cant，为了加强语气时可用mustnt，一般不用may not。例如：例1、-May/can I come in?-Yes, of course. Yes, please. -No, you cant. No, you mustnt例2、-May/Can/could I use your dictionary?-Yes, of course, here you. -Sorry, Im afraid you cant, Im using it.例3、-Could I smoke here?-Yes, please. -No, you mustnt.在肯定句中和可以互换。例如：例4、You can/may go now.例5、Everybody can/may have a good rest after work.Will、 would在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人相对方提出请求或征询对方的意愿，would比will更加语气委婉。例如：例4、Will /Would you please help me carry this heavy box?例5、Would you like some tea, please?例6、Will/would you like to go with me?4、must、 may 对现在或将来事情做简单的推测判断。must在肯定句中可以表示对现在或将来的情况进行推测、判断，有一定或必定的意思。例如：例1、-Whose new bike is this?-It must be Li Mings, his father bought him a new bike.例2、-Who is that?-It must be Miss Gao, she says she is going to come this afternoon.例3、-Wholl give us a talk on computer?-it must be Chen Bing, he is very good at computer.May 用语肯定句和否定句中，对现在或将来的情况进行推测、判断，有或许、可能的意思，相当于possible、probable、maybe。例如：例4、They may be at the library now例5、We may go for trip in Landon next year.例6、That man may not be your English teacher, There are several ladies in black dress in our school.例7、He may not know about it.例8、She may come soon.第三步：作业巩固练习1- May I put my bike here? - No, you _ . You should put it over there. A. couldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont2. You _ take your textbooks and notebook to the classroom when you have your mid-term examination. A. cant B. mustnt C. maynt D. dont3. - _ I go to the teachers office now? - No, you _ . A. Must; mustnt B. May; neednt C. Must; dont have to D. May; dont用恰当的情态动词填空1. You _ (not)eat bad food. 2. -_ I leave home now? -No, you _ have breakfast first.3._ they sing a song in English? No, they _.They _ sing in Chinese. 4. - What time _ I go there?-You _ go there at half past one and you _ be late.5. You _ buy a ticket, then you _ go to the cinema.6. - _ you tell me the way to the station? - Sorry, I dont know. Ask the policeman .He _ know.7. Excuse me. _ I borrow your ruler?课后预习：课后安排同学们预习高一英语下册(SEFC,1B) 13单元语法部分情态动词should 、had better 、ought to 以及随后就要学习的14第单元语法部分情态动词 must、 have to、 have got to等相关内容。四步：教学后记：1、 本节课从教学内容上看