阅读专题六猜词题.doc

阅读专题六: 猜词题高考阅读理解题重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测释义。猜词悟义的能力,对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。常用的问题形式：1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2. The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph?5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？6. According to the passage, “” probably means _.7. The author uses the word “” to mean _. 8. The underlined word/phrase “”means _. 9. The word “” in paragraph refers to_. 10. What does “” in the second paragraph stands for?11. The sentence “” means _.猜词悟义方法：一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义 定义解释形式多样，常由 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, or , that is to say, in other words, be called 等词汇或破折号,同位语来表示。例如： (1) Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 2、根据举例猜测词义 (1) You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 二、内在逻辑关系1、根据对比关系猜测词义表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast和while引导的并列句等。如：(1) Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.2、根据因果关系猜测词义 (常用 because, so that, so/suchthat) (1) Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 3、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 (常有and, or, like, similarly, also) (1) Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 4. 根据一般常识猜测词义 (1) The snake slithered through the grass.三、根据构词法猜测词义(词缀法,合成法, 转化法) (1) Im illiterate about such things. (2) Then the vapor may change into droplets. (3) Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.真题演练 (1) 2014 陕西卷B When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldnt afford the operation because her family was poor. Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henrys. My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he found himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed. My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.1. The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means _. A. named B. treated C. proved D. described(2) 2014北京卷DStore Scent (香味)What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the stores windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.2. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _ .A. a platform that exhibits goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC. a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet(3) 2014辽宁卷B(Q = Question; A = Answer)Situation IQ: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly arent the first person hes met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation IIQ: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency? If so, you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.Situation IIIQ: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?A: No. Try other means:1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation IVQ: If I remember my friends birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. Happy belated birthday! is short for: Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.Situation VQ: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it?A: Dont lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? Yes, you can say if ever asked, I saw it. No explanation is needed as to why you dont respond.3. The underlined word belated in Situation IV probably means_ .A. predicted B. returned C. cancelled D. delayed (4) 2014 辽宁卷CWould it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition depending on who needs it.Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about mother trees, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down mother trees with no awareness of these highly complex tree societies or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.We didnt take any notice of it Simard says sadly. Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.4. The underlined sentence the opposite is true in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees_.A. compete for survivalB. protect their own wealthC. depend on each otherD. provide support for dying trees5. The underlined word it in the last paragraph refers to_ .A. how tree societies workB. how trees grow oldC. how forestry industry developsD. how young trees survive (5) 2014安徽卷DShould we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been