人教版 选修7 Unit 2 Robots Grammar 课件 (14).ppt

unit2 不定式由 to do 动词原形 构成 其否定形式是 nottodo 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语 在句子中作 或 不定式没有人称和数的变化 但有 和 的变化 独立结构 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 时态语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化 时态共四种 即一般式 完成式 进行式和完成进行式 语态分为主动语态和被动语态 如下表所示 todo tohavedone tobedoing tohavebeendoing tobedone tohavebeendone 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用 语态 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用 语态 进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态 主动 被动 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1 作主语itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere 形式主语 2 作宾语sheaskedtobesenttoworkinhongkong 3 构成复合宾语 宾补 hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce shedidn tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat 4 构成复合谓语thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom 5 作定语areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek 6 作状语shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语等 hethoughtitisanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages complexpredicate shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost 1 在therebe结构中 thereisalotofhomeworktodo thereisnotimetolose 2 在 be adj todo 结构中 常用的形容词有easy difficult hard impossible nice pleasant light heavy interesting important expensive cheap fit dangerous等 heishardtoconvince heisimpossibletoworkwith 3 在 too to enough to 结构中 theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout thehouseisbigenoughtolivein 4 在 with n todo 结构中 withnothingtodo helayinbed withsomanyexercisestodo ican tgotothecinema 5 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时 ihavealettertotypetoday doyouhaveanythingtosay i是totype的逻辑主语 you是tosay的逻辑主语 6 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动 ifeltiwastoblame 1 thedishesneed tobewashed wash practice 2 themailisintended send tobesent 4 thehouseis sell tobesold 3 thewallisexpected tobepainted paint 1 shehates laughat byherclassmates 2 timrefused accompany byhisfathertoschool 3 shestruggled understand bythefrenchvisitors tobeaccompanied tobeunderstood tobelaughedat 4 thesearetheissues discuss tomorrow 5 thenewdrugis test outon500patientsnextyear 6 shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn tlike envy byallthegirlsshemet tobetested tobeenvied tobediscussed 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候 或强调动作的承受者时 printingwasintroducedtoeuropefromchina look thereisnothinghere everythinghasbeentakenaway 1 myhamburgerwaseatenbythedog 2 thetoyismadebyhand 3 hewillbesenttoafricanextweek 一般现在时 englishisspokenbymanypeople iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday thebooksarewrittenbyluxun am is are done 一般过去时 thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry 一般将来时 shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony was were done will shallbe done 过去将来时 thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier smotherassoonasitarrived wouldbe given 过去进行时 thefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky 现在完成时 greatprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation 现在进行时 themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop am is arebeing done was werebeing done have hasbeen done 过去完成时 thehugebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheworldwar 将来完成时 thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth hadbeen done will shallhavebeen done 含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态 情态动词 be done thisproblemcanbesolved what sdonecannotbeundone 1 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义 cook smell taste wash write shut prove sell read1 thedishtastesdelicious 2 thetheoryprovedrightatlast thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell sells此处为不及物动词 销售起来 有销路 的意思 作及物动词为 卖 出售 thiskindofclothwasheswell 耐洗 need v ing表示 主语承受动词发出的动作 表示被动意义 我的车需要修理 mycarneedsrepairing toberepaired beg equal fail hold possess fit become contain cost fit have lack suit等 thisnewenglish chinesedictionarycostmetendollars 3 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式 这类动词常见的有 如 战争爆发了 thewarbrokeout thewarwasbrokeout 4 通常只有及物动词 组 才有被动语态 不及物动词没有 be 过去分词 这个结构并不都是被动语态 也可能是系表结构 被动语态与系表结构主要区别是 被动结构表示一个动作 而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态 试比较下面的句子 theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus thehouseissurroundedbytrees shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted 1 myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme mybikewill bymyfatherforme 2 ihavefoundmywallet mywallethas 3 shetoldmetowaithereforher i towaithereforher berepaired beenfound wastold practice 4 thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer themurdererw