教师词汇讲义.doc

Unit 4 Body Language 讲义编写人 徐红燕Warming up & Reading1. communicate vt. 传达，传递，传播 communicate sth to sbvi. 交流，交往 communicate with sbcommunicate the instructions of the higher level 传达上级指示Please communicate this message to all employees. 请把这个消息传递给所有的职工。I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you. 我请你的妹妹向你转达我的祝愿。The deaf and mute communicate by sign language. 聋哑人用手语沟通。He had no way to communicate with his brother.Since then, they have lost their ability to communicate with an audience.2. greet vt. 问候 ；(以)迎接，欢迎， greet sb/sth with sthThey greeted him with many expressions of pleasure 他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。The dog greeted its master with a wag of its tail 那只狗摇动尾巴来迎接主人。She greeted her friends by saying “Good morning !” 她用说早安来问候她的朋友们。His speech was greeted with cheers. 他的演说受到喝彩Russia greets the new year in achievement and test 俄罗斯在成就和考验中迎来新年greetings n. 问候，招呼3. represent vt. 阅读下列句子，注意represent的意思和用法。1) The rose represents England. 象征, 表示2) He represented our school at the meeting. 作为.的代表3) He represented himself as a wealthy man, but in fact he was a poor man. 声称是4) Let me try representing my idea to you in English. 陈述, 阐述归纳总结represent sth. (to sb.)， (向某人)陈述、说明、阐述represent oneself to be (as)声称是假称是、装作represent .as 把描绘成The Purple Butterfly, representing China film, will show on the Cannes Film Festival.拓展 representative作名词，是可数名词，意为“代表”；作形容词，意为“有代表性的、典型的”。4. curious adj. be curious about sth. 对好奇be curious to do sth. 急于做 , 极想做It is curious that 是惊奇的As a little girl, she was curious about the origin of human beings.I was curious to know what was in the box. Its curious that he doesnt care about it at all.I am curious to know/ am curious about (很想知道) what to do with the naughty.We have little curiosity about (对没有好奇心) what they want to do next.curiosity n. 好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地We all looked at him with curiosity / curiously.out of curiosity 出于好奇5. the first person to arrive 第一个到达的人thefirst, thesecond, thelast, theonly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，常用不定式作定语。He was the only one to finish the task in time.他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，主要有两种： 1). 主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.2). 动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。I need a piece of paper to write on. There is nothing to worry about. Therearefivepairstochoosefrom.6. approach. 阅读下列句子, 注意approach的意思和用法。1). Someone is approaching our car. 接近,靠近2). Summer is approaching. (时间上的)接近,靠近;即将达到3). Her work is approaching perfection. 他的工作近乎完美。4). As a poet he hardly approaches John Milton.他的诗才很难与弥尔顿媲美。（在性质或特点上）接近（某人或某物）5)He approached the bank manager for a loan(贷款). 为接近(某人)6). She approaches everything in a new way. 着手处理, 开始对付7). The approach of the exam is making him nervous. 来临8). Lets try another approach. 方法9). All approaches to the city are cut off. 通道* 名词approach作“方法”、“通路”、“入口”讲时, 多与介词to连用。用approach的适当形式填空。1. The dog is approaching my little child.2. With the approach of winter, the weather grows colder.3. They approached the birds quietly and watched them.4. It is one of the best approaches to studying English.Winter vacation is D . I cant wait to go back home.A. coming B. on the way C. approaching D. A、B and C7. kiss her on the cheek 亲吻她的面颊表示“接触某人身体的某个部位”，用“动词+sb+介词+the 部位”的结构。不同的身体部位钱用不同的介词。涉及身体表面的硬部位时，用 on如果身体部位是较软或较空，用 in拉/握/抓/推时，用 by涉及面部表情时，用 on谈到创伤时，用 inHit/strike/touch/pat sb on the head/shoulder/nose/neck/backHit/strike/touch/pat sb in the face/stomach/side/chest/eyeTake/pull/grasp/seize/catch/hold/lead/ sb by the ear/nose/hand/arm/sleeveThere was an astonished expression on her face.He was wounded in the shoulder.8. defenceun. 防卫;防备;防护(代表防卫的行为action)cn. 防御物;防御能力(表示可以用来防卫的东西sth) The wall will act as a defence against flooding.Hundreds gave their lives in defence of freedom. in defence of “保卫”、“为辨护”defend vt. 1）They fought to defend their country. 防御,保卫2) We should defend the island against invasion.”defend from / against 保卫免受或抵抗3) He tried to defend his reputation. 保护4) She defended herself successfully in court. 为辩护5)The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea(不被海水冲走).9. major1) adj. 主要的， (较)大的，重要的This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music. 这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向。We have met with major problems. 我们已遇到重大的问题。The play was a major success. 这出戏大获成功。2) n. 主修科目，专业 He planned to take chemistry as his major.3) vi. 主修 She majored in maths and physics at university. 10. misunderstanding cn/.un. 误解，误会misunderstand v. 曲解，误会，误解understanding n. 理解understand v. 理解 clear up a misunderstanding 消除误会1). You must have misunderstood my meaning.2). Youd better not have yourself misunderstood.3). He has a clear understanding of the situation.4). His words led to others misunderstanding.Ex: You dont follow his intention, and therefore you have a misunderstanding of 误解了)the true meaning of his words.11.close to (时间或空间上)接近，接近（在句中作状语和表语）； 亲近的，密切的；几乎，接近Dont stand close to the stove, in case it may burn your clothes.The bank is close to a super market.She has always been very close to her parents.We were so close to winning the match.It is close to 10 oclock.辨析 close & closely 作副词用的差别close 是一种实际意义上的“接近”， 指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思。Iwentcloser,andsawclearlyatallmaninthemoonlight Comeclose.Iwanttotellyousomethingimportant Thepolicemanfollowedthestrangemanclosely Thescientistsgotcloselyintouchwiththeastronauts拓展 由close 和closely这种意义上的区别，我们可以很轻松地区别high和highly、wide和widely、deep和deeply等一类词。带-ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带-ly的副词多用作实际意义。例如：He threw the ball high into the air.（high 是指实际意义上的“高”）They spoke highly of his behaviour.（highly 用作比喻意义“高度地”）The dentist asked me to open wide. 牙医要我张大嘴巴。（wide 是指实际意义的“大、阔”）He is widely read.他博览群书。（widely 是指抽象意义上的“广泛地”）12. not all 部分否定=all notNot all the children are naughty. = All the children are not naughty拓展 every not = not every并非每个both not = not both 并非两个都13. nor 连词，“也不”，连接否定的并列成分。I have no brothers, nor any sisters.Neither my mother nor my father went to university.nor 放在句首，该句子用倒装的语序.(be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前)Nobody can learn body language in one day, nor can I (我也不会).类似的用法还有：not, never, neither, hardly, seldom等。14. likelyadj. 常用于此类结构:1). sb. /sth. is likely to do sth. 2). It is likely thatHe is likely to be late. = It is likely that he will be late注意：.likely 的主语可以是人也可以是物；但不说：“Its likely to do sth.It is likely to rain.(句子中的it是天气, 并不是形式主语。)adv. 很可能 (多和most或very连用)We will most likely see him later.She will very likely cry when you go.区别: likely, probable, possiblelikely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能Im hardly likely to finish it within a week. 我不可能在一周内把它干完。 possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大常常用于下列结构: 主语不能是人It is possible (for sb) to do sth. It is possible that 从句It is possible for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour. It is possible that I might be of some use in that part of work. probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。probable: 常用于it is probable +that 主语不能是人, 不能说it is probable to do sth.It is possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem probable. 下雨的可能是有的，但天空一片蔚蓝，可能性似乎不大。 His success is not impossible but hardly probable. 他的成功并非是不可能的，但是希望极小。 1). It is very likely (很有可能) that it will rain. 2). We are very likely to make mistakes (我们很可能犯错误) when we learn English.3). I am likely to (我有可能) finish the work within a week.4). Noticing that there was likely to be trouble(可能有麻烦), they left away secretly. 15. in general 一般来说， 通常， 总的来说. (=generally speaking)How do people in general look on her? 人们一般对她怎麽看? In general, women live longer than men.general adj. 一般的，普遍的; 全体的; 总的This led to a general strike and all production stopped. 这引起了普遍罢工，所有生产都停止了。 The general level of training was not high. 培训的总体水平不高。 Using Language1. function n.They thought function is more important than form. 作用，功能，用途un /cnIn your new job, you will be expected to perform many different functions. (人的)职责cnThe minister has to attend all kinds of functions. 重大聚会，典礼cnvi. 运行，起作用His brain seems to be functioning normally. function as 起作用，具有功能(=work as)Some English adverbs function as adjectives.The sofa can also function as a bed2. ease n. freedom from work, discomfort, pain or anxiety 安逸，舒适；vt. relieve (the body or mind) 减轻(痛苦，忧虑）The retired couple lived a life of ease. 这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活。The aspirin eased his headache. 阿司匹林减轻了他的头痛。at ease = at ones ease 舒适，快活；自由自在。I feel at ease with my friends. 我和朋友们在一起感到自在.He is at ease about the matter. 他对此事很放心.She was at ease in such a nice house. 住这样的好房子，她很舒适。put sb. at ease 使某人感到轻松自在with ease容易地，无困难地Their warm welcome soon put me at ease.He is expected to win the game with ease. 预计他在比赛中会轻易获胜。Take this drug and it will ease your pain (减缓你的疼痛).3. truly adv. 真实地，准确地；真正地，确实地；真诚地，诚恳地She didnt let anyone know what she truly felt. 她不让别人知道她的真实感情。He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed truly sorry. 他知道自己表现不好，所以确实显得懊悔。I am truly grateful for all your help. 我真诚地感谢你的帮助。4. lose face 丢脸猜猜这些与face相关的短语的含义：face to face 面对面 make a face做鬼脸save ones face 保全面子 pull/ wear a long face 板着脸show ones face 露面 in face of 面对着5. turn ones back to/on 背对着 注意turn ones back to在下列句中的含义Never turn your back to/on backward students. refuse to speak to不理睬He never turned his back to/on his neighbors when they needed help. refuse to help 拒绝帮忙She turned her back on her singing career after marrying a rich businessman. abandon放弃，背弃6. up and down上上下下，来回A butterfly is flying up and down among the flowers. 有一只蝴蝶正在花丛里忽上忽下地飞着。The teacher was walking up and down in the classroom. 老师在教室里走来走去。Johnson looked at her up and down and decided to ask her out. 约翰逊上上下下打量了她一番，决定邀请她出去。7. in most cases 在大多数情况下in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下in any case 不管怎样，无论如何in no case 绝不 (置句首时，需部分倒装)in case of 如果，万一 (介词短语用作条件状语)In case 以防，万一， (用来引导条件状语从句)用与case相关的短语填空John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out in case he phonesThe wall was built along the river in case of floods.In no case should a government officer take bribes(贿赂).In any case he can not give up it.You dont like your job? In that case why dont you leave?8. rank cn/un. 阶层，阶级，等级；地位，身份people of all ranks 社会各阶层的人a soldier of the high rank 高军阶的军人a gentleman of rank 有地位的绅士He is a musician of the first/top/front rank. 他是一流的音乐家。the ranks 集合用法( 与军官相对而言的) 士兵，士官vt. 把分类为，评价vi. 属某等级，居某地位I rank her among the countrys best writers. 我认为她可属全国最优秀作家之列。I rank her achievement very high.Critics rank him as a first-class painter.评论家把他评价为一流的画家。Does he rank among/with the failures. 他可以算作失败的那一类人吗？She ranks high/first in her class.她在班上名列前茅/第一。重点短语1. 被紧跟着 closely followed by2. 亲她的脸 kiss her on the cheek3. 自卫 in defence 4. 一个大误会 a major misunderstanding5. 把手伸向某人 reach ones hand out to sb6. 靠某人近 move close to sb7. 相反 on the contrary8. 为接近某人 approach sb for sth 9. 可能 be likely to 10. 互相握手问候 greet each other by shaking hands11. 一般地说 in general 12. 代替，取代 in place of13. 捕捉未说出的信息 catch ones unspoken communication14. 面部表情 facial expressions15. 使某人轻松自在 put sb at ease16. 丢脸 lose face17. 背对着，不理睬，拒绝帮助，放弃 turn ones back to 18. 上下点头 nod the head up and down19. 在大多数情况下 in most cases20. 对尊敬 be respectful to21. 级别更高的人 someone of a higher rank22. 误解 be wrong about重点句型1. I saw several young people enter the waiting room looking around curiously.2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.单选1. At the meeting they discussed three different A to the study of mathematics.A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways2. People are encouraged to speak openly, but careless words C to hurt others feelings.A. certain B. probable C. likely D. sure3. He will C our class to sing at the school singing contest.A. take place B. stand for C. represent D. representative4. The last one C pays the bill.A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving5. It was not an easy decision for her to make as it would affect her future study in college and her future job A .A. as well B. also C. either D. though6. Though she has been in England for half a year, she is still unable to B in simple English.A. understand B. express herself C. speak her mind D. make herself understand7. It is the duty of every citizen to A his country when it is attacked by the enemy.A. defend B. guard C. protest D. prevent8. Surely it doesnt matter where the students associations get their money; what A is what they do with it.A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions9. Myfatherwalked B intheroom,lookingasifhewasthinkingoversomething. A.nowandthen B.upanddow