北师大版英语高二选修6 Unit 16Grammar学案.doc

过去完成时【归纳】 一、构成肯定式为“had +过去分词”；否定式为“had not +过去分词”。二、用法1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动作或状态。如： by the end of june they had treated over 10,000 patients. the film had already begun by the time we got to the cinema. he said that he had been in china for over ten years. 注意：过去的时间有时由时间状语表示出来（如上例），但在更多的情况下时间都由上下文表示出来。如：we werent hungry. wed just had lunch. the house was dirty. they hadnt cleaned it for weeks. 2. 常可使用过去完成时的情况如下：(1)用于宾语从句（特别是在间接引语中）。 如：jack told me he had read the book before. at first i thought id done the right thing, but soon i realized that id made a serious mistake. (2)用于状语从句。如： betty didnt want to go to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film. (3)用于定语从句。如： peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry when his sister came up. (4)用于hope, intend, mean, think, plan, suppose等动词，表示本来要做而没做或无法做的事，或没有实现的希望或意图。 如：bill had hoped to retire at 60, but they persuaded him to stay on for a few more years. i had thought about flying to rome, but all the flights were booked up.(5)在“it / this / that was + the first / second / . + time + that从句” 句型中，从句谓语常用过去完成时。如：it was the first time that i had made such a mistake.【即学即练】 i.从括号内选择合适的内容填空。1. when i arrived at the cinema, the film _ (is starting, had started).2. she had lived in china before she _ (went, had gone) to thailand.3. it was fourteen years since he _ (have quit, had quit) russia.4. the grass was yellow because it _ (hadnt rained, doesnt rain) all summer.5. we _ (had thought, thought) to return early but they wouldnt let us go.6. the parents were happy to know that their son _ (wins, had won) the match.7. sam told me that there _ (have been, had been) an argument between him and his parents.8. tom _ (has intended, had intended) to stay in the country for only a year or two, but he has been here for five years or so.ii.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1. it was the third time that he _ (be) out of work.2. by the time i got to the office, the meeting _ (begin) without me. therefore, my boss _ (be) angry with me and i was fired.3. when i _ (turn) the radio on yesterday, i _ (hear) a song that was popular when i was in high school.4. last week, i _ (run) into an old friend of mine. we hadnt seen each other for years, and both of us _ (change) a great deal. i _ (enjoy) talking to her so much that i _ (ask) her to have dinner with me.5. when jack _ (enter) the room, i didnt recognise him because he _ (lose) so much weight. he _ (look) totally different!6. the maya established a very advanced civilisation in the jungles of the yucatan; however, their culture _ (disappear) by the time europeans first _ (arrive) in the new world.iii.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1. he said _ (他已经学了一些英语) before he went to london.2. by the time he was twelve, edison _ (已经开始自己谋生了).3. _ (我已经读完那部小说) by nine oclock last night.4. the man, who _ (从1977年起在那家工厂工作), retired last month.5. _ (我们本希望你会来看望我们), but you didnt.6. when i got to the check-out, i realised that _ (我把钱包落在家里了).答案i. 1. had started 2. went3. had quit 4. hadnt rained5. had thought 6. had won7. had been 8. had intendedii. 1. had been 2. had begun; was3. turned; heard4. ran; had changed; enjoyed; asked5. entered; had lost; looked6. had disappeared; arrivediii. 1. he had learned some english2. had begun to make / making a living by himself3. i had finished reading the novel4. had worked in that factory since 19775. we had hoped you would come to visit us6. i had left my purse / wallet at homehave / get sth. done【语境展示】观察下面句子，并试着归纳have / get sth. done的用法。1. youd better have / get that bad tooth pulled out.2. he had / got four copies of the paper typed in black.3. i have had / got all my mistakes corrected.4. the farmer had / got his planting done before the rains came.5. john had / got his house burnt down last night.6. tom got his nose broken while playing football.【归纳】have / get sth. done可表示主语有意识的行为，have / get具有使役意义，既可指让别人为自己做某事（句1、句2），也可指主语本身做某事（句3、句4）。have / get sth. done还可表示“遭遇，经历”，此时句中所表示的动作是违背主语的意愿的（句5、句6）。【拓展】have / get sb. / sth. doing使某人/某物处于某种状态。如：im sorry to have had you waiting so long.could you get the clock going again?have sb. do sth. / get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事。如：i wont have you say such things.just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.【即学即练】选用括号内合适的内容填空。1. its easy to have your pocket _ (picked / pick / to pick) in a big crowd.2. i would have him _ (waited / wait / to wait)for me at the gate of the park.3. i wont have you _ (to speak / spoken / speaking) so rudely to me.4. “do you think youll get the work _ (to finish / finish / finished) on time?” my boss asked me.5. its n