北师大版英语高二选修6学案Unit18Grammar.doc

used to与would1. used to和would的相同用法：二者均可表示过去经常进行而现在不再进行的动作。如：people used to come and visit him every day.occasionally she and philip would go out and paint little pictures.2. used to和would的不同用法：used to可以用于表示过去的状态，而would则不可以。如：joe used to be a waiter, but now hes a taxi-driver.（不能用would）i used to have long hair, but ive got it cut.（不能用would）used to可用于无人称句和存在句，而would不可以。如：it used to be said that the earth was flat.there used to be a cinema here two years ago.used to不能跟表确定时间段的状语连用，而would可以。he would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.注意：used to的否定形式为usednt to或didnt use to。【拓展】辨析used to，be used to和get used toused to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，后跟动词原形。如：we used to swim every day when we were children.be used to表示“习惯于”时，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：the woman is used to loneliness.i do the dishes every day, so im used to it.im not used to being treated this way.be used to还可以表示“被用来做”，后跟动词原形。如：the knife is used to cut fruits.get used to表示由不习惯到习惯的动态过程，意为“（变得）习惯于，开始习惯于”，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：i think it is a bit difficult for you to get used to the wet hot weather here.have you got used to living on your own?【即学即练】翻译下面句子。1.以前她经常在回家的路上买一块蛋糕。_2.我过去不经常看电影，但现在我每周都去一次电影院。_3.他已经变得习惯于自己照顾自己了。_答案【即学即练】1. she used to / would buy a piece of cake on her way home.2. i didnt used to / usednt to see films, but now i go to the cinema once every week.3. he has got used to looking after himself.冠词冠词分为三种：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。下面我们总结一下冠词的主要用法。不定冠词a / an，多表示泛指。1.与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或物；亦可泛指某类人或物中的“任何一个”。如：a child needs love.a tiger can be very dangerous.2.用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一类”等意义。如：it is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture.its a wonderful tea.3.用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。如：we have put forward a third plan.4.用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某个”。如：a mr. smith wants to see you.5.用在某些固定短语中。如：a good many, a moment later, a pair of, as a matter of fact, as a result, at a loss, catch a cold, have a bath, do sb. a favor, have a break, in a hurry, keep an eye on, lend a hand等。定冠词the，多表示特指。1.用于单数可数名词前，表示类指。如：the donkey is a very useful animal.2.用于特指一定的人或物或上下文提到的人或物。如：this is the house where the famous writer once lived.a boy and a girl were sitting on a bench. the boy was smiling but the girl looked angry.3.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：one spaceman successfully landed on the moon.4.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。如：i visited the great wall last month.the yangtze river is the longest river in china.5.用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较的一个”。如：he is the first to come here.this is the fastest horse.jack is the taller of the two boys.6.用在表姓氏的复数名词前，指全家人或全家人中的一些人，如夫妇俩等。如：the browns are from london and they have lived here for a long time.7.和某些形容词连用，指某种类型的群体。如：the sick and the wounded were sent home.8.用在某些固定短语中。如：all over the country, at the age of, by the way, in the distance, in the middle of, on the phone, on the right / left, in the 1990s等。零冠词（不用冠词的情况）。1.名词前有this, that, these, those, some, no等或形容词性物主代词时不用冠词。如：this time last year they were in africa.this is my friend jane.2.表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前。如：it was raining on monday.lets have lunch together.a group of kids were playing football in the street.3.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前。如：water freezes at 0.he lives in new york.4.在某些固定短语中不用冠词。如：catch fire, give way, lose heart, out of date, catch sight of, find fault with, make use of, take hold of, take part in等。【即学即练】用正确的冠词填空（零冠词用“/”表示）。1. i cant remember when exactly _ robinsons left. i only remember it was _ monday.2. i knew _ john lennon, but not _ famous one.3. the sign reads “in case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button.”4. _ cakes are delicious. id like to have _ third one because _ second one is too small.5. please do me _ favour and keep _ eye on my house when i am away on holiday.6. i dont like talking on _ phone. i like writing _ letters.7. you have to give _ wa