M5 U2 重难点精精练.doc

模块五 Unit 2 The environment 环境讲考点解读 储备知识 夯实基础方法点拨 高屋建瓴 助长学力一、考点解读 储备知识 夯实基础（一）考纲内容与细化 细致入微 滴水不漏考纲内容细化1.单词 1. _ n. 经济_ adj. 经济的_ adj. 节俭的2. _ n. 责任，职责_ adj. 负责的3. _ n. & vi.辩论；争论，讨论4. _ n. 看法_v. 相信5. _ adj. 环境的_ n. 环境6. _ vt.&vi. 经营；动手术_ n. 手术；经营7. _ n. 数量8. _ adv. 非法地_ adj. 非法的9. _ vt. 使印象深刻_ n. 印象_ adj. 令人赞叹的10. _ vi. 冲突，抵触；n. 矛盾，冲突11. _ n. 管理，管理部门_ adj.管理的，行政的_ n.管理者12. _ adj. 理解，吸收；使全神贯注_ n. 理解，吸收；全神贯注13. _ n. 产量；生产_ adj. 多产的；有效益的_ v. 生产；n.（尤指）农产品_ n. 生产商_ n. 产品14. _ n.（对自然环境的）保护_ adj. 保守的，守旧的_ v. 保护，保存；节约，节省15. _ vt. 欣赏；感谢；领会_ n. 欣赏；感谢；领会16. _ adj. 电的，用电的_ n. 电17. _ vt. 消耗；消费_ n. 消耗；消费_ n.消费者18. _ vi. & vt. & n. 减少19. _ n. 十年20. _ n. 顾问_ vt. 咨询；查阅2. 短语1_ 为自由发言2_ 减少，削减，缩减3_ 原材料4_ 用完，耗尽5_ 排队等候6_ 找出，挑选7_ 打扫（或清除）干净8_ 进行中9_ 关于，至于10_ 排放11_ 尤其，特别12_ 尽自己的职责13_ 保护环境 3.句型1._（也不是好消息）for _（各种各样的）fish and wildlife _（住在长江里或长江沿岸的）.2. _（毫无疑问）the world climate _（变化） in recent years.3. I liked _（你讲那个笑话的时候）.4. _（我们需要的是）better laws to preserve the environment.5. The worlds population has grown _（1800年时的6倍）.6. Other types of waste flow into our water, _（杀死河里和海里的生物）. 7. _（和我在一起的是林水清女士。）（二）知识梳理与整合 学科知识精讲 重点难点突破重点单词1. debate vi. & n. 辩论；争论，讨论【梳理整合】（1）(a) debate on / about / over sth. 关于辩论（2）a heated debate 一场激烈的辩论（3）under debate 在辩论中（4）debate sth. / + clause 辩论、讨论某事【典型例句】There had been much debate on the issue of childcare. 人们对儿童保育问题议论纷纷。The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated by scientists. 关于宇宙起源问题，科学家们仍在进行激励辩论。【重点突破】（1）目前关于税收的讨论已经引起了公众的极大关注。_（2）是否提高退休年龄还在辩论中。_2. responsibility n. 责任，职责【梳理整合】(1) take / bear responsibility for对承担责任(2) the sense of responsibility责任感(3) be responsible for 对负责【典型例句】A drunk man cannot be fully responsible for his actions. 醉汉不能为其行为负全部责任。The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse.使用不当造成的损失，生产厂家不负任何责任。【重点突破】（1）所有驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责。（responsible）_（2）我对后果承担全部责任。（responsibility）_3. quantity n. 数量【梳理整合】（1） in large quantities / in quantity 大量（2） a quantity of / quantities of 大量，许多【温馨提示】（1）a quantity of + c.n. (pl.) / u.n.做主语时，谓语动词由名词决定。a quantity of + c.n. (pl.)所跟谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of + u.n.所跟谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。（2）quantities of + c.n. (pl.) / u.n.做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。【典型例句】A quantity of soldiers have been sent to the front so far. 大量战士已经被送往前线。A large quantity of money has been run out of. 大量的钱已经被用完。This kind of cars is produced in large quantities. 这种小汽车被大批量生产。【重点突破】（1）Quantities of advice on how to learn English well _ (give) by our teacher. （2）A quantity of advice on how to learn English well _ (give) by our teacher.4. impress vt. 使印象深刻【梳理整合】（1）impress sb. with sth. / impress sth. on sb. 用某物给某人留下印象（2）leave / make a / an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象（3）an impressive performance 令人难忘的演出【典型例句】His trip to India left a strong impression on him. 他的印度之行对他触动很大。He impressed her with his sincerity. / He impressed his sincerity on her. 他的真诚打动了她。【重点突破】（1）这个女孩的幽默感给她的朋友留下了深刻印象。_（2） 你觉得她的口语怎么样？ 我印象很深_5. conflict vi.&n. 冲突，抵触，矛盾【梳理整合】（1）conflict with sth.（两种思想、信仰、说法等）冲突、抵触（2）in conflict with 与存在分歧【典型例句】She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们的截然不同。【重点突破】你的陈述与其他证据有矛盾。（分别用conflict的动词和名词形式表达）_6. decrease vt.&vi. &n. 减少【梳理整合】（1） decrease from to 从下降到（2） decrease by 下降了（3） (a) decrease in 在下降【温馨提示】decrease的反义词increase用法相同。【典型例句】The price of wheat has decreased by 15%. 小麦价格已经下降了15%。There has been some decrease in military spending this year. 今年的军费开支有所减少。【重点突破】犯罪率的急剧上升已经引起了公众的担忧。_7. measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定【梳理整合】take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth. to ones measure 按照某人的尺寸做某物【典型例句】The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud. 当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。It is hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his works. 没见过他的作品，很难估计他的能力。The tailor made a suit to his measure. 裁缝按照他的尺寸做了一套衣服。【重点突破】该是世界各国共同采取措施来保护海洋的时候了。_8. range n. 范围；一系列；山脉 vi.（在一定范围内）变化；包括；排列，排序【梳理整合】（1）a wide range of 各种各样的（2）range from A to B / between A and B 在A和B之间变化【典型例句】The students are attracted by a wide range of activities provided by the school. 学生们被学校提供的各种活动所吸引。Their ages range from 25 to 50. 他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间。【重点突破】（1）As levels and abilities _ greatly from student to student, a teacher should adopt different teaching methods to cater to the needs of different students. (2011南京三模) A. change B. switch C. range D. vary（2）他的兴趣从下国际象棋到登山，范围很广。_9. appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会【梳理整合】（1）appreciate sth. 感激某事（2）appreciate doing sth. 愿意做某事（3）appreciate ones doing sth. 感激某人做某事（4）I would appreciate it if 如果我将不胜感激【温馨提示】（1） appreciate的名词为appreciation（2） appreciate后面通常不跟sb.，而thank的常用词组为thank sb. for sth. / doing sth.（3） I like / enjoy / hate / dislike it when 我喜欢/不喜欢【典型例句】I really appreciate having time to enjoy a cup of coffee. 我确实喜欢有时间品尝一杯咖啡。I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。I hate it when you speak to me with your mouth full of food. 我不喜欢你嘴里塞满食物时跟我说话。【重点突破】（1）我们都喜欢在经过一年的辛苦工作后领略假期的乐趣。_（2）如果你能给我一杯茶，我将不胜感激。_10. particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的【梳理整合】（1） in particular = particularly尤其，特别（2） be particular about 对挑剔【典型例句】The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。She is particular about what she wears. 她对衣着很讲究。【重点突破】（1）正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？_（2）他对工作如此挑剔以至于很难让他满意。_重点短语1. cut back on减少，削减，缩减【梳理整合】cut back on sth. = cut sth. back【典型例句】If we dont sell more, we will have to cut back on production. 我们若不能多销，我们必须减产。【归纳拓展】（1）cut across / through 抄近路（2）cut sth. away (from sth.) 切除；割掉；砍掉；剪去（3）cut sth. down （自根基部分）砍到（4）cut sth. down to 缩减到（5）cut down on sth. 缩减（尺寸、数量或数目）（6）cut in (on sb. / sth.) 插嘴；打断（谈话）（7）cut sth. off 中断（供给）；割掉，砍掉；使与外界隔绝（8）cut up 切碎【典型例句】We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. 我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。He had his finger cut off in an accident at work. 他在一次工伤中被切断了手指。【重点突破】（1）The doctors have told him to _ smoking and dringking for his health.A. cut away B. cut back on C. cut off D. cut up（2）我不抽烟，谢谢。我正在尽量少抽烟。_2. use up vt. 用完，耗尽【归纳拓展】表示“用完，耗尽”的同义词组： get through, run out of表示“被用完，被耗尽”的同义词组：run out，give out【温馨提示】表示“时间快到了”，通常用Time is running out.【典型例句】We are using up more raw materials. 我们正在耗尽更多的原材料。After a month their food supplies gave out. 一个月后他们的食物供给用完了。【重点突破】（1） Im still working on my project. Oh, you will miss the deadline. Time is _. (08，江苏)A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. loosing out. （2）要是那些自然资源用完了怎么办？_3. pick out 找出，挑选；认出【典型例句】I was so familiar with him that I picked him out easily in the crowd. 我是如此熟悉他以至于我在人群中很容易认出了他。 【归纳拓展】pick up 捡起；接人；接收（信号、节目等）；（无意中）学会；好转；买到（尤指廉价或运气好）；养成（习惯）She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。【重点突破】用pick up和pick out的正确形式完成句子。（1）She _ from thousands of applicants for the job.（2）He _ the bad habit of taking drugs since he was 18.4. under way 进行中【归纳拓展】（1） in the way 造成不便或阻碍（2） by the way 顺便问一下（3） on the way 在来或去的行进中，在路上（4） in a way / in one way / in some ways 在某种程度上（5） give way to 对妥协、让步（6） make way for 给让路，让通过（7） make ones way to 走，前进，行进（8） Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。【典型例句】The project is now well under way. 这个项目现正顺利进行。We mustnt give way to their demands. 我们决不能对他们的要求让步。He dropped in at a cafe on the way to school. 在去学校的路上他到咖啡馆坐了坐。【归纳拓展】（1）under construction 在建造中（2）under discussion 在讨论中（3）under debate 在辩论中（4）under repair 在修理中（5）under consideration 在考虑中【典型例句】The building under construction is a stadium. 正在建造的那个建筑物是一个露天体育场。His plan for the program is under discussion. 他为这个项目所做的计划正在讨论中。【重点突破】我在一定程度上同意你的意见。_5. let off 排放；宽恕；放枪炮、烟花等【典型例句】Many human activities let off carbon dioxide. 人类的许多活动排放二氧化碳气体。. 【归纳拓展】（1） let sb. / sth. be 不打扰或不干涉某人 / 某事（2） let sb. / sth. go = let go of sb. / sth. 放开或释放某人 / 某物（3） let me see 让我想想（4） let alone 更不用说（5） let sb. down 使某人失望（6） let out 发出（叫喊等）；泄露（秘密等）；放大（衣服等）【典型例句】I havent decided on the menu yet, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不要买好了。Im afraid he will let us down. 恐怕他要让我失望了。【重点突破】用let的词组的正确形式完成句子。（1）Please come and support me. Dont _ me _.（2）The boys were _ fireworks.（3）She _ a cry of terror at the sight of the ugly man.（4）_ where did I leave my hat?（5）_ me _. I want a rest.（6）Dont _ the rope. Otherwise, you would be in danger.6. be absorbed in 全神贯注于【归纳拓展】表示“全神贯注于”的同义词组：concentrate on, focus on【典型例句】He was so absorbed in reading that he didnt notice me at all. 他如此专注地阅读以至于完全没注意到我。【重点突破】吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法专心学习。_重点句型1. Nor / Neither + 助动词 / be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 （+ 剩余部分）. （倒装句）【句式分析】（1） 该句式属于否定词放句首部分倒装，表示“也不是”。肯定形式为So + 助动词 / be动词 / 情态动词 + 主语。（2） 同一句式常用结构：1） Hardly had sb. / sth. done when No sooner had sb. / sth. done than 一就（从句动词用一般过去时）2） In no case / Under no circumstances + 助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+剩余部分 绝不【典型例句】Nor is he willing to invest more money for products that are friendly to the environment. 他也不愿意为环保产品多投资。Hardly / No sooner had we set out when / than it began to rain. 我们一出发就开始下雨了。In no case / Under no circumstances will he let his disease prevent him pursuing his dream.他绝不会让病魔阻止他追逐梦想。【重点突破】（1）直到一个月前他都看不见也听不见。_（2）他一回国就被捕了。_（3）英勇的战士绝不向敌人妥协。_2. There is no doubt that clause 【句式分析】（1）that引导doubt的同位语从句（2）doubt作名词时，若用于肯定句，后面用whether引导的同位语从句；若用于否定和疑问句，后面用that引导的同位语从句。（3）doubt作动词时，若用于肯定句，后面用if或whether引导的宾语从句；若用于否定和疑问句，后面用that引导的宾语从句。【典型例句】I doubt whether / if he will turn up on time. 我怀疑他是否会准时出现。Everyone has no doubt / doesnt doubt that he will succeed. 每个人都相信他会成功。【难点突破】有些研究者相信毫无疑问艾滋病的治愈方法迟早会被找到。_3. like / dislike / hate / enjoy it when 【句式分析】（1）结构中的it是形式宾语，when引导宾语从句。（2）与此it用法相同的句子有：I would appreciate it if / rely on it that / see to it that 【典型例句】I hate it when I have to work late into the night. 我不喜欢加班到深夜。I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance. 如果你能给我一个机会，我将不胜感激。You can rely on it that I wont let out that secret to anyone. 你可以相信我不会把这个秘密透露给任何人。Please see to it that you are here punctually tomorrow. 请明天务必准时到这里。【重点突破】（1）我喜欢你笑的样子。_（2）他讨厌别人用他的电脑。_4. What clause + be + 短语或句子【句式分析】（1） what引导主语从句时，be动词的选择由后面的名词决定。（2） 常用句型：What clause（主语从句） + be + that clause（表语从句）【典型例句】What I need is a real friend who can share happiness and sorrow with me. 我需要的是一个可以与我同甘共苦的真正的朋友。What I need are some reference books which I use when I meet with some problems in maths.我需要的是在我数学遇到问题时可以使用的一些参考书。What is certain is that much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well as chemical waste. 可以肯定的是很多海洋生物正在被化学废物和捕鱼船破坏。【温馨提示】除what引导的主语从句以外的主语从句所跟的谓语动词通常用单数。【典型例句】Who will be responsible for the project has not been decided yet.谁来负责这个项目还没有决定。【重点突破】用所给动词的适当形式填空。（1）Whether he will win the first prize _ (remain) to be seen.（2）When and where the meeting will be held _ (announce) yet.（3）What my son wants _ (be) always various toys.翻译句子。（4）在这里我要说的是我确实同意我们应该多用回收的材料生产商品。_5. 倍数 + what - clause【句式分析】（1） 这个句式是倍数表达法的一种。（2） 其他表达法还有：倍数 + as as / 倍数 + than / 倍数 + the + n. + of 【温馨提示】在倍数 + the + n. + of这个结构中，常用的名词有：size, height, length, width, depth 【典型例句】Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。Asia is four times the size of Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。The output of this year is twice what it was in 2009. 今年产量是2009年的两倍【重点突破】（1）My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive. (2009四川卷)A. as B. so C. too D. very（2）为下一届亚运会正在被建造的体育场将比现在的大两倍。_6. 现在分词作结果状语【句式分析】（1） 现在分词作结果状语时通常表示意料之中的必然的结果，常用逗号与主句隔开。（2） 现在分词还可充当原因状语、时间状语、伴随状语、条件状语，另外还可作定语、表语、补语。（3） 如果非谓语动作先于主句动作，要用having done（4） 现在分词的被动结构为：being done和having been done【典型例句】Not knowing his address, I cant write to him. 不知道他的地址，因此我不能写信给他。（原因状语）The girl came in, following her parents. 这个女孩跟着父母走进来。（伴随状语）Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。（条件状语）Walking in the park, I met with an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到一位老朋友。（时间状语）Having worked for a long time, he listened to music for a