河北农业大学期末高英修辞.doc

Unit9MarkTwainMirrorofAmericaV.Rhetoricaldevices1.Simile:PleaserefertoLesson2.e.g.1)Indeed,thisnationsbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.(Para.1)2)Tomsmischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcherarealmostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.(Para.15)2.Metaphore.g.1)whosawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight.(Para.1)2)mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnationsheart.(Para.3)3.Sarcasm:itisafigureofspeechwhichattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Itismostoftenrestrictedtothemakingofbrief,unpleasantremarksthataremotivatedbyhostilityandcontempt.e.g.1)Iknewmoreaboutretreatingthanthemanthatinventedretreating.(Para.6)2)onecouldsetatrapanywhereandcatchadozenablermaninanight.(Para.13)4.Alliteration:pleaserefertoLesson1.e.g.Itwasasplendidpopulationforalltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome.Itwasthatpopulationandrushingthemthroughwithamagnificentdashanddaringandarecklessnessofcostorconsequences5.Antithesis:pleaserefertoLesson1.e.g.1)ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.(Para.5)2)aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever.6.euphemisme.g.1)HetriedsoldieringfortwoweekswithamotleybandofConfiderateguerrillaswhodiligentlyavoidedcontactwiththeenemy.2)hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironmansfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles7.metonymye.g.butformakingmoney,hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.Unit11WhatsaDictionaryFor?IV.Rhetoricaldevices1.Personification:Thestorm.thatgreeted.AnarticleintheAtlanticvieweditasadisappointment.TheYewYorkTimes,.feltitTheJournal.saw.2.Alliteration:.verylittlelightonLincoln.onLife3.Sarcasm:aconceptofhowthingsgetwrittenthatthrowsverylittlelightonLincolnbutagreatdealonLife.sosimpleathingthatthewritertakesplain,downright,man-in-the-streetattitudethatadoorisadoorandanydamnfoolknowsthat.4.Assonance:Thedifferencebetweenthemuch-touted.andthemuchclouted5.Synecdoche:Butneitherhisvanitynorhispurseis.(metonymy)Whatofthosesheetsandjetsofairthatarenowbeingused,inplaceofold-fashionedoakandhinges.6.MetonymyTheWashingtonPost,.keepYourOldWebstersinshort,.writteninthelanguagethatthe3rdInternationaldescribes.verylittlelightonLincoln.onLife7.Zeugma:afigureofspeechinwhichawordappliestotwoothersindifferentsenses(e.g.Johnandhisdrivinglicenceexpiredlastweek)ortotwoothersofwhichitsemanticallysuitsonlyone(e.g. withweepingeyesandhearts).Comparewithsyllepsis.(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在Johnandhisdrivinglicenceexpiredlastweek中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在withweepingeyesandhearts中）。TheissueofNewYorkTimeshailtheSecondastheauthorityandtheThirdasascandalTowagewarandpeaceWithweepingeyesandhearts8.metaphorLifecalleditanon-worddelugeModernlinguisticsgetsitscharterfromLeonardBloomfieldslanguage(1933)Butifso,hehaswalkedintooneoflexicographysbiggestboobytrapsAnd,sureenough,inthedefinitionwhichraisedthePostsbloodpressure.Unit15NosignpostsintheSeametaphor:1)anewClovis,lovingwhatIhavedespised2)anEndymionyoungandstrong3)theseawithnoripplesatallbutonlythelazysatinofblue4)theredball(thesun)5)andtheskyatenderpaletteofpinkandbluesimile:1) itisasinamovingpicturethatIcannotethegraceofhergestures2) 2)dismissiveasPharisee3)assentimentalandsensitiveasanyoldmaiddoingwatercoloursofsunsets4)myimaginationsoaustereintheforegroundbutnurturingwhattreasuresoftenderness,likedelicateflowers,forthediscoveryoftheventuresome5)givesacrylikeasea-bird6)weareaspleasedachildrenwhenourgamesucceeds7)Ilikethefootfallofnakedfeetinthedust,silentasacatpassing.8)thefaintcreaking,asofthesaddle-leathertoahorsemanridingacrossturf2alliteration:2)AndnowseehowIstand,assentimentalandsensitiveasanyoldmaid3MetonymyIntheeveningshewearssoftrichcolorsHesaysheusedtoreadme.4EuphemismIwantmyfillofbeautybeforeIgo5PersonificationTheyoungmoonliesonherbacktonightasisherhabitinthetropics,andas,Ithink,issuitableifnotseemlyforavirgin.6TransferredepithetandthecoolsupportofthewaterIhadnotemptationtotakeaflyingholidaytothesouthButaboveallIlovetheselongpurposelessdaysinwhichIshedallthatIhaveeverbeen.7HyperboleIwonderedwhatmortalcontrolledit,inwhatmustbeoneoftheloneliest,mostforbidding spotsonearth.8OnomatopoeiaAndthenIlikeallthesmallnoisesofaship:thefaintcreaking,asofthesaddle-leathertoahorsemanridingacrossturf,theslapofarope,thehissofsuddenspray.Unit 12 the loonsYoucouldlookoutthewindowsandsee,throughthefiligreeofthesprucetrees,thewaterglisteninggreenlyasthesuncaughtit.(p209)ItseemedtomethatPiquettemustbeinsomewayadaughteroftheforest,(p210)Itriedanotherline.(p211)Atnightthelakewaslikeblackglasswithastreakofamberwhichwasthepathofthemoon.(p213)2personificationThetwogreysquirrelswerestillthere,gossipingThenewsthatsomehowhadnotfounditswayintoletters.3transferredepithetAllaround,thesprucetreesgrewtallandclose-set,branchesblacklysharpagainsttheskywhichwaslightenedbyacoldflickeringofstars.Iwasashamed,ashamedofmyowntimidity,thefrightenedtendencytolooktheotherway.Mybrother,Roderick,whohadnotbeenbornwhenwewereherelastsummer,satonthecarruginthesunshineandexaminedabrownsprucecore,meticulouslyturningitroundandroundinhissmallandcurioushands.4metonymyThosevoicesbelongedtoaworldseparatedbyaeonsfromourneatworldofsummercottagesandthelightedlampsofhome.(ourmoderncivilization)5synecdochethedamnbonesflaredupagain6Hyperbolehergrimycottondressesthatwerealwaysmilestoolong.(p207)thosevoicesbelongedtoaworldseparatedbyaeonsfromourneatworld.第二册Lesson11.Windandrainnowwipedthehouse.-metaphor(暗喻)2.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.-simile(明喻)3.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.-simile4.itseizeda600,00gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3.5milesaway.-personification(拟人)5.RcihelieuApartmentsweresmashedapartasifbyagiganticfist,and26peopleperished.-6.theSalvationArmyscanteentrucksandRedCrossvolunteersandstaffers