状语从句在语填及写作中的运用.doc

卓越个性化教学讲义 状语从句在语法填空及写作中的运用 By 邓李娇一、 名言谚语Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。When in Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。If a thing is worth doing, its worth doing well. 凡值得一做的事都值得做好。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成（where there is life, there is hope） 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。二 分类：（完整版） 种类连接词注意区别：时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/until/till /as soon as/hardlywhen/no soonerthan/名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：theminute,themoment,everytime,thefirsttime/instantly/directly /immediately/by the timeas和when、while：as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。as（一边.一边）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；随着。连词用as，不用when 或while。while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。till/until和nottill/until：Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。地点状语where/whereverwhere，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。原因状语Because/as/since/now that/forbecause和since、for、as、now that：because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。Since/now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时，如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lestso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词结果状语sothat, suchthatsuch 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。比较状语Than/asas，not so/asas/the morethe more方式状语as if, as though, as, (just)asas if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/as，no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever/whichever/however/ whenever as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用三状语从句在语法填空中的运用(简化版)：状语从句由when/while/as/until/before/引导的时间状语从句当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和谓语be.由where引导的地点状语从句由because引导的原因状语从句由if/unless引导的条件状语从句由though/although引导的让步状语从句由as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句语法填空实战演练：1. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived. (2011高考)2. We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. (2010高考)3. _ you want to expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt to the new surroundings.4. “Pull, Fred! Pull, Jack! Pull , Ted! Pull, Warwick!” The farmer shouted and the mule pulled the car from the ditch. The man was amazed and asked the farmer, “ Why did you call out all of those other names _ you called Warwick?”5. The UN agency Unicef found that, _ the situation has slightly improved, many women are still not included in family decisions (2012广州二模)6. The man had risen when she entered and he remained standing. He turned to look at the umbrella _ she pointed.7. _ the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows raised. (2011年广州一模)8. He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school, And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. （2012高考）9. _ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. （2012高考）10. The Queen looked uneasily at her plate _she discovered a whole roast pig was her serving.(2011深圳调研考)11. The phoebe spent winter _ it was warm enough to find food. 12. And if each deck, arranged in different ways, weighed only as much as a single hydrogen atom( the lightest atom), all the decks together _ (weigh) a billion times as much as the sun.13. No matter how many times they fall down, they hop back up _ they instinctively know that eventually theyll be able to walk.近年高考题荟萃 2009年高考题1. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (09福建33)A. when B. while C. after D. since2. My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy. (09陕西13)A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though3. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. (09上海32)A. before B. if C. while D. as4. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. (09全国10)A. as B. if C. though D. unless5.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏23)A. if B. when C. which D. since6. _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. (09江苏31)A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until2008年高考题 1.(08北京23)Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because2.(08北京34) Im sorry youve been waiting so long， but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after3.(08天津1) Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. A.since B. if C. unless D. until4.(08安徽31) in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of spring.ATo walk BWalking CWalked DHaving walked5.(08福建28)Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where6.(08山东31) Youd better not leave the medicine kids can get at it.A.even ifB.whichC.whereD.so that2004-07年高考题1.(07全国26) I wont call you，something unexpected happens. A.unlessB.whether C.becauseD.while2.(07北京25) Wheres that report? I brought it to youyou were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday. A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before3.(07湖南33)Most brids find it safe to sleep in the trees，but they have eggs or young chicks，they dont use a nest.A.why B.howC.unlessD.where4.(07陕西18)when has the country been open to international trade? 1978，I suppose. A.SinceB.InC.FromD.After5.(07重庆22)My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the housethere is a power out. A.ifB.unlessC.in caseD.so that6.(07浙江8)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，they knew it to be valuable. A.as ifB.now that C.even thoughD.so that7.(07山东29)I really dont like art，I find his work impressive. A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While8.(06北京33)youve tried it，you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When9.(06天津5)If you are travelingthe customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do. A.in whichB.whatC.whenD.where10.(06重庆23)In time of serious accidents，we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives. A.whetherB.until C.ifD.unless11.(06山东31) How can you expect to learn anythingyou never listen？ A.in caseB.even if C.unlessD.when12.(06江西27)In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send helpthere is human suffering. A.whoeverB.however C.whateverD.wherever13.(06陕西20)This is a very interesting book.Ill buy it，. A.how much may it cost B.no matter how it may cost C.however much it may cost D.how may it cost14.(05北京33)Id like to arrive 20 minutes earlyI can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon asB.as a result C.in caseD.so that15.(05天津5)He tried his best to solve the problem，difficult it was.A.howeverB.no matter C.whateverD.although四、状语从句写作优化1 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。例：After she sang，she left the rich mans house = After singing，she left the rich mans house翻译：大学毕业之后，他到国外深造。_2 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village= Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village翻译：警察赶到事故现场立即将伤者送往医院_3 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例：She stopped when she saw her husband = She stopped to see her husband If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside =_，you must go to the countryside4 结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例：He was so tied that he couldnt go any further= He was too tied to go any further I came here so that I could ask some questions= I came here_ some questions5 以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken= When turning on the radio，he found it brokenWhile she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car=_，she was hit by a car6. 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例：Since l didnt know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English=_，I tried to speak to her in English注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house =_，he went into the tea-house7. 在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited= The film start appearing，the children got exited If all the work is done, you can have a rest= _，you can have a rest Nothing can live if there is no air= _ 8. 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常简化为with或in spite of介词短语作状语。例：Although he faced his death，he didnt say anything before the enemy =_，he didnt say anything before the enemy. Although there was danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety = _，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety 9表示一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思， 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： 例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. = _（倒装） I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.= _（倒装）五As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：1形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。2过去分词+as+主语+系动词：例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3名词+as+主语+系动词：例：Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。4副词+as+主语+谓语部分：例：Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。5动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余部分：例：Try as you will，you wont be able to persuade him. 不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。 六、巩固练习： 一.写作中状语从句的经典错误1.I didnt give up. Because my mother often told me, where there is a will, there is a way.”2. She worked so hard that could catch up with others.3.Only we keep optimistic can we succeed.4.I was struggling for my dream, however, success didnt come easy.5.When he hesitating, a man came up to him.6.He was frightened, therefore, he decided to run away as soon as possible.7.I have a lot of good habits, for example, I often go to bed early and rise early.二、翻译练习1, 直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。（用三种句式） （1)_ _(2)_ _ (3)_ _2, 他一跳上地铁，门就关上了。 _3，他每次见到我，都朝我微笑。 _4，在我住的地方长着许多鲜花。 _5，他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 _6，这本书如此简单，以至于这个孩子一周就读完了。 _7，只有我的朋友来了以后，这部电脑才能修。 _8，尽管他很累，他还是坚持把工作做完。 _9，无论发生什么事，他也不介意。 _10. 就算我可能失败一百次，我也不会放弃。 _三、基础写作昨天上午，你惊悉你的朋友李华被一辆汽车撞伤住了院，事情经过是：那天李华正要穿过大街，他很小心，直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街。可当他刚要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一辆轿车，径直朝他开来。他躲闪不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被送进医院并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时，他虽已脱险，但仍然脸色苍白。参考词汇：躲闪：dodge 右侧：right-hand side写作分析：体裁记叙文类别记事的文章时态过去时内容及写作建议信息点：（1） 穿过大街时他很小心，直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街（2） 刚要走到街心时，右侧突然出现了一辆轿车，径直朝他开来。（3） 躲闪不及被撞出了几米远（4） 虽已脱险，但仍然脸色苍白 。_参考答案三、状语从句在语法填空中的运用语法填空实战演练 1. until 2. when 3. If 4. before 5 although 6. as 7. Before 8. had bought 9. Although 10 when 11. where 12.would weigh 13. because近年高考题荟萃 2009年高考题 15 ACADBB 2008年高考题 16 DACBCC2004-07年高考题 1-5 ABCAC 6-10 CDADC 1115 DDCDA四、状语从句写作优化1. After graduating from college, he went abroad for further study.2.The police sent the injured to the hospital on arriving at the scene of traffic accident.3. To understand the farmers4. (in order) to ask5. While walking along the street6. Not knowing Chinese; Thirsty and eager to get a little rest7. With all the work done; Nothing can live without air 8. Facing the death; In spite of danger 9. Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. ; No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.六巩固练习：一、写作中状语从句的经典错误(讨论)1.I didnt give up，because my mother often told me, where there is a will, there is a way.”2. She worked so hard that she could catch up with others.3.Only when we keep optimistic can we succeed.4.I was struggling for my dream., However, success didnt come easy.5.When he was hesitating, a man came up to him.6.He was frightened, and therefore, he decided to run away as