第七讲-副词专题.doc

英才专业辅导中心任课老师：张老师 初中语法知识之第七讲副词专题第七讲：副词 adv.一、 副词概说副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。二、 副词的构成副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1. 单词本身是副词。例如：often，now，always等。2. 由形容词加词尾“ly”构成。例如：carefully，clearly等。三、 副词的种类、用法和位置副词的分类1. 时间副词有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, soon, immediately, lately, early, already, yet, ever等2. 地点副词有outside, inside, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anyway,等。地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词。3. 方式副词有quickly, happily, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast, again等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。 4. 频率副词有always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等。5. 程度副词有very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。6. 疑问副词（常用来构成特殊疑问句）有when， where, why, how等。7. 关系副词有when，where, why, how等。副词的用法1. 作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。Please listen to me carefully.2. 作表语，表示方式的变化。My father will be back in a week.3. 作宾语补足语。Let him in, please.1. 时间副词多置于句首或句尾。Today it rained, so we stayed at home.2. 地点副词可放在句尾，也可放在句首；若有时间副词时，多置于时间副词前。Dont stand outside.She is coming here tomorrow.3. 方式副词位置很灵活。He slowly closed the door.He closed the door slowly.Slowly he closed the door.4. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词前。He is always late for school.I often to see my grandparents on Sunday.5. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词、副词前，修饰动词时一般放在动词后。Mary speaks Chinese quite well. 6. 疑问副词置于句首，连接副词置于句中。Why dont you ride your bike?Can you tell me where I can find my dog?注意：1. 某些副词为了强调上下文的衔接，放在句子之前。Suddenly he had a good idea.2. enough 修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。The boy is old enough to go to school.He got up early enough to catch the train.四、副词比较等级的用法。1. 副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则和形容词相同。2. 在两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词处使用“notas/so + 副词原级 +as”结构外，还可使用“less + 副词原级 +than”结构。Bill didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim.= Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.3. 副词的最高级前一般不加the。Lin Tao did best in English of all.4. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest易混点清单一、 how long, how soon, how often, how far(1) how long “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”回答。How long have you lived in Beijing?For ten years.(2) how soon “多快，多久以后”，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in + 时间段”回答。How soon will your father come back?He will come back in a week.(3) how often“多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用once，twice, three times a week等回答。How often do you play football?Once a week.(4) how far 多远，对距离提问。How far is it from here to your home?Only 200 meters away.二、 sometime, sometimes, some times, some timesometimes指“有时候”；sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；some time则指“一段时间”；some times = several times表示“几次，几倍”。Sometimes I go to school by bike.New students will come to our school sometime next week.It took me some time to finish reading the book.Our school is some times larger than theirs.三、 hard, hardlyhard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。hardly意为“几乎不”，副否定副词。We should study hard as students.I can hardly catch up with you. Can you walk slowly?四、much too, too muchMuch too意为“非常，极其，太”，much和too都是副词，much修饰too，用以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级；too much意为“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much，以加强语气，too much 修饰不可数名词，与too many相对，too many修饰可数名词复数。The skirt is much too dear.Please dont eat too much ice cream. Its bad for your health.There are too many people in the super market.五、too, also, eithertoo一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be动词、助动词或情态动词后，行为动词前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。You are a student. I am a student, too.They are also students.I dont like the film, either.六、too，enough, sotoo意为“太，很”，用于“tooto”结构，表示否定意义，表示“太而不能”；enough意为“足够”，用于形容词/副词原级+ enough to”结构，表示“足够能”；so意为“如此”，用于“sothat”结构，表示“如此以至于”。The man is too old to look after himself.The boy runs fast enough to win the game.The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it.七、already, yetAlready常用于肯定句；yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。I have already finished my homework.Have you finished you homework yet?I dont had lunch yet.八、ago，beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常用于一般过去时的句子，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来某个时刻“以前，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，也可单独使用。I saw him ten minutes ago.He told me that he had seen the film before.九、now, just, just nownow:与一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时连用，意为“现在”；just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚”；just now:和过去时连用，表示“刚才”。Where does he live now?We have just seen the film.He was here just now.十、so, much(1)so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.He is such a boy.(2)so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”。such可以修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”。He is so clever a bo