高级英语下册课文讲解.doc

高级英语（下）Lesson One Whats Wrong with Our Press?课文要义（Main idea of the text）As a printed - word woman, the author tries to point out the disadvantages and problemsremain in the press by making a contrast with television based on the date out of a survey. Having sharply criticized the partisan bit and the abuse of the sacred right entrusted to thepress: to inform a free people. Marya Mamies has reached a conclusion that the press willbe hopeless and useless unless it has to make some dramatic changes even though change means trouble, work and cost.词汇 (Vocabulary)1. conflict (v): (of opinions, desires, etc.) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible 不一致；冲突Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们截然不同。Do British laws conflict with any international laws? 英国法与国际法是否有相违背之处？2. allot (v): give (time, money, duties, etc.) as a share of what is available; apportion sth. 分配；分给The principal allotted each grade a part in the Christmas program. 校长分给每个年级一部分圣诞礼物。3. available (a): (of things) that can be used or obtained ; (of people) free 可用的；可得到的；有空的This ticket is available until the end of the month. 本票到月底前有效。4. color (v): give a special effect or feeling to (a person, event, etc.) 影响Dont allow personal loyalty to color your judgment. 不要因讲义气而影响了你的判断。One s point of view is necessarily colored by past experience. 一个人的观点肯定受其经历影响。5. predominant (a): prevailing; most noticeable; having more power or influence than others 盛行的；占优势的Bright red is the predominant color in the room. 鲜红是屋子里的主色调。.English is one of the worlds predominant languages. 英语是世界主要语言之一。6. virtue (n): advantage; moral goodness or excellence; (of medicine) effect 优点；美德This seat has the virtue of being adjustable. 这种座位好在可以调节。One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. 他的优点之一是从不生气。 7. coverage (n): reporting of events; extent to which sth. is covered 新闻报道；覆盖范围Theres little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper. 报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。8. document (v): prove or support (sth. ) with documents 用文件证实或证明The lawyer gathered evidence to document the charges. 律师收集材料为控告提供证据。9. bolster (y): strengthen or reinforce sth. ; give support to 加强；支持The government borrowed money to bolster up the economy. 政府贷款以促进经济发展。10. stuff(1) (v): fill sth. tightly; cram sth. 塞满Dont stuff anything else in, or the bag will burst. 不能再塞任何东西了，否则包会撑破的。 (2) (n): material of which sth. is made; unnamed subject matter 材料；题材Real life is the stuff of all good novels. 现实生活是所有优秀小说的题材。11. justify (v): show that sb. / sth. is right , reasonable or just 表明是正当的，有理的，公正的 They found it hard to justify their sons giving up a secure well-paid job. 他们难以理解儿子竟放弃收入颇丰的稳定工作。Tiredness cannot possibly justify your treating staff this way. 你不能以疲劳为由就这样对待职工12. feature (n): special program; distinctive characteristic; aspect; 特别节目；特征 All news and features deal with local people and happenings. 所有新闻及特别节目都是有关当地人物事件。The capacity to think is the feature of our species. 思维能力是人类所特有的。13. elevate (v): make better or more educated; raise to a higher place or rank 使更好；提高The vice president was elevated to president of the company. 副经理被提升为公司经理。His inspiring speech elevated the audience. 他那赋有激情的演讲鼓舞了听众14. prevail (v): be widespread; exist or happen generally; fight successfully 盛行；战胜 The use of horses for plough still prevails among the poorer farmers. 用马耕作在贫苦农民中仍十分普遍。Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 正义得到了伸张；罪人受到了惩罚。15. degrade (v): cause to be less deserving of respect 贬低；使丢脸He degraded himself by cheating and telling lies. 他因欺骗说谎而降低了自己的身份。I felt degraded by having to ask for money. 我出于无奈向别人要钱，觉得有失尊严。16. cheapen (v): make oneself / sth. less worthy of respect; degrade 贬低Its only cheapening yourself to behave like that. 那样做只能使你自贬身价。 Constant cursing cheapens oneself. 经常骂人遭人轻看。 17. entrust (v): give (someone) the charge of (sth) with complete trust 委托某人负责Can I entrust you with the secret plans? 我能把这些秘密计划委托给你吗？Hes entrusted his children to my care for the day. 他委托我照看一天孩子。短语 (Expressions)1. it is the other way around. : the opposite of what is expected or supposed. 正好相反I was accused of stealing money from her but in fact it was the other way round. 说我偷了她的钱，其实正好相反，是她偷了我的钱。2. speak of: indicate sth. ; be mentioned 表明Her behavior speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的表现显示出她承受痛苦的勇气。I didn t think his performance was anything to speak of. 我想他的表现没什么值得一提的。3. pass for: be accepted as 被认为；被当作He speaks French well enough to pass for a Frenchman. 他法语流利得让人以为他是法国人。In this small village he passes for a wise man. 在这个小村里，人们把他看成一位智者。4. get over with; complete sth. unpleasant but necessary 结束必须做的讨厌事Shell be glad to get the exam over with. 等考试结束她就高兴了。He looked upon the wedding ceremony as a mere formality - something to be got over with as quickly as possible. 他只把婚礼看成一种形式，一件应尽快了结的事。5. confine to : restrict or keep within certain limits 限定在一定范围I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject.我希望演讲者不要离题。Confine your criticism to matters you understand. 发表评论不要超出自己所了解的范围。6. get into sth.: become involved in sth. ; be familiar with; develop a taste or liking for or an interest in sth. 参与；熟悉Though they are good friends, they often get into an argument. 尽管是好朋友，但他们经常发生争论。I havent really got into my new job yet. 我还未完全熟悉新工作。 7. take precedence over: have greater importance 优于；高于 Control of prices takes precedence over other consideration. 控制物价应给以优先考虑。The needs of the community must take precedence over individual requirement. 公众的利益高于个人的利益。8. by and large: taking everything into consideration 大体上By and large, the companys been pretty good to me. 总的来说，公司对我一直很好。By and large, the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.总的来说，英国劳动阶层现在比他们的前辈富裕多了。 9. have ones say: express ones view 表达意见；把话说完We were all tired of speeches, but the old woman was determined to have her say. 我们都厌倦了演讲，但那老太太决意要把话说完。Dont interrupt her, let her have her say. 别打断她，让她把意见说出来。10. knock sb. down: strike sb. to the ground or the floor; demolish sth. ; (force sb. to ) reduce ( a price or charge) 击到；拆除The child was knocked down by a lorry as he ran across the road. 孩子穿马路时被一辆货车撞到了。The machine will be knocked down before being packed for shipment. 打包运输前得把机器拆卸下来。11. cater to sth.: try to satisfy a particular need or demand fit 满足；迎合Were going to cater to your every desire. 对于你，我们会有求必应。The radio and television have to cater to many different types of interest and taste among the public. 收音机和电视机必须满足兴趣各异的大众。12. in the light of: in view of; considering 鉴于；由于In the light of these changes we must revise our plan. 由于这些变化，我们必须修改计划。He reviewed his decision in the light of recent development. 他根据最近的事态发展重新考虑自己的决定。 13. at random: without conscious choice 任意地His clothes were scattered about the room at random. 他的衣服扔得满屋子都是。Dont answer at random, think first. 别乱回答，先想一想。 14. appeal to: be attractive or interesting to sb.; make an earnest request; ask for help 有吸引力；恳求Her sense of humor appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感深深吸引了他。The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警方呼吁群众不要惊慌。15. derive from: obtain from; trace from 得到；追溯We can derive English chauffeur from French. 英语中chauffeur一词来源于法语。He derives much pleasure from his books. 他从书本中获得了很多乐趣。 词语辨析 (Word analysis) 1. advantage: sht. Helpful, sth likely to bring success 益处；优势 Living in a big town has many advantages, such as good schools, libraries and theaters. 住在大都市里有许多好处，例如好学校、图书馆及剧院。 strength: quality of being strong 强度；力量 She hasnt the strength to walk upstairs. 她没有力气走上楼。2. meet: come face to face with sb. or sth. 遇见；碰见 We met each other quite by chance. 我们相遇十分偶然。 He can meet misfortune with a smile. 他能面对不幸遭遇一笑置之。 encounter: find oneself faced by difficulty, meet enemies 遭遇（困难等）；遭逢（敌人等） They encountered every kind of difficulty. 他们遇到了各种困难。3. on the whole: taking everything into consideration 总的看来；大体上 I think, on the whole, we had better stay at home. 我认为，总的看来，我们还是呆在家里为好。 as a whole: considered all together, not separately 全部地；作为一个整体 The temperature for the country as a whole is relatively high. 这个国家的气温总的来说较高。4. confine to: keep or hold within limits 限制；限于范围内 I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演讲者不要离题。 limit to: put a limit to sth. 限制；限定 We must limit the expense to what we can afford. 我们必须限制开销不超出我们经济能力范围。5. coverage: covering of events 采访新闻；新闻报道 He wrote an excellent coverage about African situation. 他写了一篇关于非洲的出色报道。 reporting: giving an account of events 报道；报告 The newspaper was asked to be less selective in its reporting. 这家报纸被要求在报道中应少一些主观的选择性。6. justifiable: that can be justified 有道理的；有理由的 If it is justifiable, then well take these steps. 如果有道理，那么我们将采取这些步骤。 justified: reasonable, proper 有理由的；正当的 The editors are justified in refusing your work. 编辑们有理由拒绝你的作品。7. attract: (vt.) get the attention of sb. 引起某人的注意 Bright colors attract babies. 鲜艳的色彩可引起婴儿的注意。 appeal: (vi.) attract 有吸引力 Bright colors appeal to small children. 鲜艳的色彩能吸引小孩。8. function: (vi.) operate, act 起作用；有效用 Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语有些副词有形容词的作用。 work: have the desired result 获得预期结果 Its a good idea, but it just wont work. 这是个好主意，但是就是行不通。难句理解（Sentence comprehension）1. It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one, and as such, performs a unique human service.: Men can hold up a piece of newspaper to read to prevent them from seeing their wives faces before they make up. Newspapers can serve human in such an unparalleled way.报纸仍然是挡住爱妻早晨蓬头垢面的唯一有效的屏障，因而扮演了独具人情味的角色。2. When Mr. Roper asked his guinea pigs , the newspapers topped the list.: When Mr. Roper asked those people he inquired, the newspapers was the choice for most people. 罗伯先生问及调查对象时，报纸成了多数人的首选。3. which serve the world as models of responsible public information, : which serve the world as examples of providing trustworthy information to the public. 这些报纸向公众提供可靠的信息，成为世界的典范。4. 1 am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available, aside from those recitals of ticker tape that pass for radio news. : I am referring to the local press. Its the only news source that can be got in hundreds of American communities, in addition to those recitals of ticker tape which are accepted as radio news.在美国几百个社区，除了那些电讯稿充当广播新闻之外，这些报纸就成了人们唯一5. Well, lets get the partisan bit over with. : Well, lets make clear the partisanship of the newspaper. 让我们先把报纸的党派性这一点说清楚。 6. , confines himself to only one pungent footnote on this subject. He only mentions this serious subject in a footnote.他就这一尖锐的话题仅作了一个脚注而已。7. I have deliberately avoided, he writes, getting into the predominantly one - party nature of newspaper ownership. It is a fact of life. : I have intentionally avoided talking about the nature of newspaper ownership that is one party owns and controls one newspaper. And this is quite common in real life.他说：“我有意避免谈及报纸一党独尊的特性，现实生活的确如此。”8. That balanced and independent opinion is our only security as a nation. : A nation functions well only when its people can form a balanced and unbiased idea. 人们具有公正独立的观点才是这个国家的真正保证。9. Now, very often, television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate. Very often the picture takes precedence over the point. : Now, the news report on television is usually incomplete. Its usual that the picture on the screen is more important than the viewpoint.目前的电视新闻常流行于形式，不够深入。画面比观点更为重要。10. Television also provides a wide range of opinion by setting up four or five experts and letting them knock each other down.: Television also conveys different opinions by arranging four or five experts to be actively involved in debating. They try to defeat each other by expressing their reasons.电视也通过组织四、五名专家就某一专题进行相互辩论，向公众提供广泛的观点。11. But it has an equally sacred right to explain that position in the light of the opposing one, to document that position, and to bolster it, not with emotion but with fact.: But it has an equally important right to explain that position in view of the opposing position, to prove that position with documents and to strengthen it, not with emotion but with proof.但它也拥有一种同样神圣的权利，从对立者的角度去阐明自己的观点，以实据证明自己的立场，用事实而不是以感情去作证自己的论点。12. It can only stuff. : It can only be inserted between the TV programs. 它只能起到填充节目的作用。13. What features are provided for these people?: What special programs are provided for these highly intelligent people? 为这些人提供了什么特别节目呢？14. They have held their franchise so long that change has become inadmissible. : They have held their special right so long that its impossible to make any change to them.他们长期把持着自己的特权，致使变化已不可接受。15. It is easier to let the ads dictate the format than develop a format that elevates news above dog-food. : Its easier to design the arrangement of newspapers according to the format of ads rather than to make the news more nutritious. 让广告支配版面当然比提高比狗食好点的新闻质量要容易。16. No picture can ever be an adequate substitute. : There isnt any TV that can take full place of newspapers. 电视不可能代替报纸。17. The word will prevail; that is, if you, who are its guardians, treat it with the respect it deserves. : If those people working for newspaper could complete their work with responsibility, thenewspapers will be successful. 如果报业同仁给予报纸应有的尊重，报纸仍会占优势。课后练习答案B. Translate the following into Chinese.1报纸排在第二位 2如果你从广播、电视、杂志和报纸上得到对同一新闻的不同报导或相矛盾的报导，你会相信哪种报导呢？ 3电视比报纸更依赖商业广告，既然广告是大生意，广告在本性上是亲共和党的。4职责在于给美国公众提供新闻的报纸却只给出了问题的一面之词这是可耻的。 5通常电视画面凌驾于观点之上。 6电视通过邀请四、五个专家。让他们相互辩驳这种做法给观众提供多方面的观点。 7拒绝变更就是发展的终结，而停止了发展，报纸也就没有用途了。 8写社论稿时诉诸于感情要比讲道理容易。G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic A Comparison between Newspapers and Television.A Comparison between Newspapers and TelevisionNowadays there exists a great competition between newspapers and television in trying to attract most of the public. Both newspapers and television has some advantages and disadvantages over each other.Unlike the television, the newspapers can give a more profound and adequate coverage and analyses of the news to the public.Newspapers can be more conveniently picked up and got informed of what is going on in the world anytime and anywhere.In contrast with the newspapers, television can provide more background information from different point of views which allows the public to form a balanced and independent opinion of their own.The visual information from television can be more easily digested by both the young and the old, and by both the literate and illiterate.As a tragedy to the newspaper, now more and more people are beginning to turn to the television. And this tragedy will go on, if the newspapers refuse to change and give it the respect it deserves.Lesson FourThe Tragedy of Old Age in America课文要义（Main idea of the text）Old age is neither necessarily miserable nor great by nature. Like every other stage of life, it has problems, fears and potentials. But the genuine tragedy of the old age in America lies in the fact that a society has been shaped which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old.They are not welcome to the job training programs which provide opportunities to learn new skills. Instead, they are arbitrarily fired, forced to retire or resign. The old people are frequently cheated and attacked both in the streets and in their houses due to their hearing and visual difficulties. They are yelled at by bus drivers for their slowness in getting on and off the buses. They are not well received or adequately treated by medical professionals.Old women lead a more miserable life than old men. And at the bottom of the harsh society remain the old people of American Indians, African and Asian Americans.词汇 (Vocabulary)1. propel (v): move, drive or push forward 推进；驱动His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime. 吸毒上瘾使他走上犯罪道路。The change is being propelled by the hew economic upsurge. 新的经济高涨正促进变革。 2. confrontation (n): angry opposition 对抗；对抗的事物United Nations is about to hold a discussion to reduce the danger of a military confrontation between the two nations. 联合国将就减少那两国间军事对抗的危险举行一次讨论。 The confrontation between the police and the demonstrators was unexpected. 没想到警察与游行示威的人之间发生冲突 3. lull (v): calm (sb. , sb.s fears etc.), esp by deception; make quiet 通过欺骗手段让人安静We were lulled into a false sense of security. 我们被哄骗，以为很安全。The doctor lulled the patients fears. 医生消除了病人的恐惧。 4. eradicate (v): put an end to; destroy completely 结束；根除The newly elected mayor attempts to eradicate corruption. 新当选的市长力图根除腐败。Small pox has almost been eradicated. 天花几乎完全灭迹。 5. discrepant (a): different 有差异的 discrepancy (n): difference; failure to agree 差异They reached widely discrepant conclusions. 他们的结论大相径庭。There were many discrepancies between the two versions of the affair. 这件事的两种说法有很大出入。6. stereotype (n):a fixed pattern which is believed to represent a type of person or event 陈规；老套He doesnt conform to the usual stereotype of city businessman with a dark suit. 他不像典型的城市商人那样穿一身深色的西装。She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time with her children. 她认为自己不是一位好母亲，因为她不像一般妇女把所有的时间都花在孩子身上。 7. sublime (a): of the great, most admirable kind; causing awe and reverence 伟大的；极端的Jiuzaigou is famous for its sublime scenery. 九寨沟以令人叹为观止的景色而闻名。She approached the angry crowd with a sublime lack of concern for her own safety. 她完全不顾自己的安危走近愤怒的人群。 8. imminence (n): approach 逼近imminent (a): (esp. of unpleasant events) about to happen; likely to happen very soon 即将发生的 The black clouds and the lightning show the imminence of a storm. 乌云闪电预示着一场暴风雨的来临。An announce