北师大版高中英语必修1Unit2 学案GRAMMAR.doc

一般过去时与过去进行时用法小结【归纳】 一般过去时常用于以下情况：1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, just now, at that time, two months ago, last week等。如：i was very busy yesterday.tom talked to the manager just now.2. 表示过去习惯性的动作，常和often, always等频度副词连用。如：we often played together when we were children.we always enjoyed each others company.3. 表示已去世者的情况。如：my grandfather lived a very simple life.（表示他已不在人间）但在谈及特别出名的已去世的人时，有时可用一般现在时。如：beethoven was / is one of the greatest representatives of german classical music. 过去进行时常用于以下情况：1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行的动作。如：what were you doing at 8 oclock last night? i was reviewing my lessons.loren was studying at the library at the time of the fire.2. wonder, think, hope等动词的过去进行时表示说话人的委婉语气。如：i was wondering if you could help me with this big box.3. 与always, constantly等状语连用表示某种感情色彩。如：i didnt like them because they were always complaining. he was constantly talking, which annoyed everyone. 4. 过去进行时可用来为一个或一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：when i woke up this morning it was raining and my father was singing in the kitchen.5. 过去进行时可表示按计划或安排过去某时将要发生的动作。如：i was planning to call you, but i lost your phone number.【拓展】过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，强调动作进行的过程；而一般过去时只是单纯确认动作完成的事实。如： i was working in the library from three till five. 我从3点到5点一直在图书馆学习。i worked in the library from three till five. 我从3点到5点在图书馆学习了。【即学即练】用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 mrs. williams 1. _ (love) flowers and had a small but beautiful garden. in the summer, her roses were always the best in her street. one summer afternoon her bell 2. _ (ring), and when she went to the front door, she saw a small boy outside. he was about seven years old, and 3. _ (hold) a big bunch of beautiful roses in his hand. the small boy said he 4. _ (sell) roses and he asked mrs. williams if she wanted any. “they are quite cheap. five pence for a big bunch. they are fresh. i 5. _ (pick) them this afternoon.” the small boy said. mrs. williams 6. _ (answer) she picked roses whenever she wanted, and didnt pay anything for them, because she had lots in her garden. the small boy smiled and told mrs. williams that she 7. _ (have) no roses in her garden. “because they are here in my hand!”答案1. loved 2. rang 3. was holding 4. was selling 5. picked 6. answered 7. had现在完成时【归纳】 现在完成时常用于以下两种情况：1. 表示动作发生在过去某个时间，到现在已经完成，却给现在留下影响或结果。如：we cant cross the river because the water has risen. 这种用法常与以下时间状语连用：表示不确定的过去时间状语（already, before, lately, recently, yet等）。如：i havent seen that movie yet.表示频度的时间状语（ever, never, always, often, rarely, sometimes, once, twice, three times等）。如：north americans have always liked cars.he has been absent three times this term.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。如：he has visited china for three days.for years i have been interested in mathematics.这种用法常与以下时间状语连用：由since引导的时间状语。要注意since用作介词，后跟表时间的短语时，必须是确定的时间点，而不能是一段时间。如：they have done colour painting in china since the 12th century.we have known each other since we were children.由for引导的时间状语。for后跟的是表示一段时间的短语，不能跟时间点。如： he has lived in shanghai for two years.【拓展】现在完成时、一般过去时和一般现在时三者的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或者结果，它必须与现在的情况有联系。一般过去时只表示过去的事情，与现在的情况没有联系。一般现在时则强调经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如： he has opened the window.he opened the window this morning.he often opens the window in the morning.【即学即练】 i. 选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。1. my sister _ (has been / was) interested in medicine ever since she _ (has been / was) a child.2. we _ (have posted / posted) the box three weeks ago. if you still _ (havent received / didnt receive) it, please tell us immediately.3. where _ (have you first met / did you first meet) your husband?4. is this the first time you _ (have cooked / cooked) dumplings?5. we _ (have wanted / wanted) to go to the theatre last night, but there _ (havent been / werent) any seats. 6. oh, dear. im sure something awful _ (has happened / happened); weve been waiting over an hour and he _ (hasnt phoned / didnt phone) yet.ii. 用括号内单词的正确形式完成下面信件。dear frances,we are having a wonderful time in york. we 1. _ (be) here for three days now and we want to stay for a week because we 2. _ (enjoy) ourselves so much. we 3. _ (visit) the cathedral and the castle museum and this morning weve been walking around the little old-fashioned streets, looking at the shops and cafs. we havent spent much money yet but well get some souvenirs (纪念品) before we leave. the countryside around york is lovely and we 4. _ (have) some lovely long walks. fortunately, the weather has been very good so far. people say it can be very cold and it often 5. _ (rain) for days! as this is the first time i 6. _ (come) to england, i guess im just lucky.see you