英语语法练习重点及答案2.doc

Ex021. _ should any money be given to a small child.A) On no account B) From all accounts C) Of no account D) By all accounts 1 A）具有否定意义的短语on no account用做状语，意为“决不”，用于句首时，句子主谓要倒装。例如： On no account must we view problems superficially and in isolation.我们决不能仅从表面上孤立地看待问题，of no account意为“不重要的”，相当于形容词。例如： His speech was of no account他的发言毫不重要。from all accounts和 by all accounts意为“从（所有报纸等）的报道看”，例如： From（By） all accounts he has been to Guilin根据各种说法，他去过桂林。From（By）all accounts he is a good doctor根据各种说法，他是一位出色的医生。2. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is now known.A) Which B) Since C) Although D) How 2 D）根据句子结构我们可以看出，在is前面是一个主语从句。而since和although一般均引导状语从句，不引导名词性从句，故B）和C）应当排除。which作为连接代词，意为“哪些，哪个”，可以引导名词性从句，which在从句中一般做定语，如。 The question is in which way we can carry out the test.问题是我们用什么方法才能进行这次测试。该句中已有some修饰mammals，再用which实属多余，因此A）也可以排除。how做连接副调，意为“如何”，可以引导名词性从句， 如：I want to know how he feels about working for 10 hours a day.我想知道他对一天工作10个小时是怎样想的。由此可见D）为该题正确答案。3. _ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One 3B）any一般用在否定句或疑问句中（在肯定向中一般要用some），但是该词也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何，无论哪一个”，此时的any须重读。例如: The government is opposed to any further increase in taxes政府反对进一步增加税收。Any device that stores up electric charge is called an electric capacitor任何储存电荷的装置都叫电容器。 each做“各自的，每个的，每一”讲，例如：Each book and each pen is found in its place每一本书每一支笔都放得并并有条。either用作形容词，意为“任一的，（两方中的）每一方的”，常和or连用，例如： In either case，whenever atoms are changed, energy is released在任一情况下，每当原子发生变化时，总要释放出能量。4. _ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A) To be given B) Having been given C) Having given D) Giving 4. B）该题旨在考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词的完成式表示该分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作之前，而现在分词的一般式则表示该动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，如： Relying on our own efforts，we overcame one difficulty after another我们依靠自己的力量克服了一个又一个困难。Having worked among the workers for so many years，he knew them very well由于在工人中工作多年，他对他们非常了解。根据句意，该处应用被动语态，故B）为正确答案，而 C）和 D）错误。不定式一般用作目的状语，表示将来的动作，如：To generate a current by magnetic action，a wire is made to pass through a mangnetic field为了通过磁作用来产生电流，可以使用导线切割磁场。 To do a good job，we must have the right tools要干好活工具要对头。可见A）也错误。5. _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite 5B）now that是复合连词意为“既然，由于”，如：Now that youve grown up，you must stop this childish behavior. 你既然长大了，就必须停止这种幼稚的行为。for和 since接从句时，都不和that连用，despite后要跟名词，所以正确答案是B）。6. _ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A) During the 1960s B) That it was in the 1960s C) It was in the 1960s D) It was the 1960s 6C）该题旨在考查强调句型。我们知道，英语强调句型的结构是“It + is （was）+ 被强调部分+ that（who）+ 句子其他部分”。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语，如：It was Tom that（who）met your sister in the zoo yesterday是汤姆昨天在动物园碰到你姐姐的。 It was your sister that（whom）Tom met in the zoo yesterday汤姆昨天在动物园碰到的是你姐姐。 It was in the zoo that Tom met your sister yesterday汤姆昨天是在动物园碰到你姐姐的。 It was yesterday that Tom met your sister in the zoo汤姆是昨天在动物园碰到你姐姐的。根据句意，该题强调的是时间状语，可见只有C）能与之构成完整的强调句型，为正确答案。7. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A) So clever are the construction robots B) So clever the construction robots areC) Such construction robots are clever D) Such clever construction robots are 7. A） such（a）用在名词前（带或不带形容词），so用在形容词前（不带名词），例如：She was embarrassed at such a request对这样的请求她感到很为难。She was anxious about her daughter being out so late at night女儿晚上外出，很晚不归，她为此担心。“so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 名词”结构常用于书面语。例如：I has never met so gentle a person This is so beautiful a country这是一个非常美丽的国家。 用so和such的词组，后面可跟that引导的结果状语从句，例如：She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much她莱烧得这么好，我们都吃得太多了。根据句意及结构，C） Such construction robots are clever和 D）such clever construction robots are错误，可改为They are such clever construction robots。so或 such引起的短语位于句首，表示强调时，主句主谓要倒装。例如：So clever is the boy that we all like him小孩子十分聪明，我们都喜欢他。 Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken爆炸的威力很大，所有的窗子都震坏了。因此，A）正确而B）错误。8. _ that you were out, I wouldnt have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.A) If I should know B) If I know C) Had I known D) Were I to know 8. C）根据句意，此处应使用虚拟语气，因此B）错误。A）尽管使用了虚拟语气，但它表示的是对一般将来情况的虚拟，所以时态不正确。为了表示语气上的强调，虚拟条件句中可以省略if，而此时从句应使用倒装结构，如： Had he taken a little more time to think，he might have acted more reasonably如果他再多用一点时间思考一下，他的行动 就可能会更理智些。尽管D）也使用了倒装结构，但它表示的是对一般将来的虚拟，时态不正确。可见只有C）正确。9. _ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. A) As for B) Despite C) Except D) Besides 9B）despite意为“尽管，不顾”，引导让步状语，如：He persisted in going his own way，despite my warnings他不顾我的再三警告，一意孤行。as for意为“至于，就而言”，如：As for it，I will say nothing any more至于这件事情，我不再说什么了。 except意为“除之外”，表示排除与整体性质相同的人或物，如： He gets up early every day except on Sunday除星期日外，他每天早起。besides意为“除之外”，如：Besides English he can speak French and German. 除了会说英语外。他还会说法语和德语。由此可见，B）是正确答案。10. _ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is. A) To give B) Given C) Giving D) Having given 10B）过去分词短语作状语一般要和句子主语有逻辑动宾关系，但是有时句子中的过去分词虽然和句子主语不是逻辑动宾关系，但却符合语法，因为这些过去分词功能相当于一个连词或介词，given就是其中之一。 given可用作介词，意为“考虑到,假定，假若”，例如： Given the weather，the football game was quite good考虑到天气因素，这场足球赛踢得相当不错。Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him.考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。11. _ the fact that he was in his seventies, the old man decided to swim across the channel. A) At B) Since C) Despite D) With 11 C）本句意为“尽管老人已 70多岁，他还是决定要横游过海峡。”despite在此是介词，意为“尽管”，如： Despite a shortage of steel，industrial output has increased by five percent尽管钢材供应不足，工业产量仍增长了5。其他三项均不符合本意思。12. _ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) In case of B) In spite of C) Because of D) But for 12 D）would have reached是虚拟语气形式，根据句意，需填入表示虚拟条件的从句或类似结构，因此，选but for。 but for意为“倘没有；要不是”，它与后面的名词所构成的结构的作用相当于虚拟条件状语从句，例如： But for（Had it not been for） your help，we should not have finished in time要不是你帮忙，我们不会及时完工。 in case of 意为“假如；如果发生，防备”，例如； In case of fire，walk quietly to the nearest door如发生火灾，要镇静地走向最近的门口。 in spite of 意为“虽然，不顾，尽管仍”，例如：In spite of all his efforts he failed他虽然做了各种努力，仍然失败了, because of意为“因为”，例如：I said nothing about it，because of his wifes being there因为他的妻子在那里，我对这事一字未提。13. _ the library _ the bookstore has the book I need. Will you tell me where I can get it? A) Neither, nor B) Neither, or C) Either, or D) Either, nor 13A）“neithernor”和“eitheror”均为固定搭配，连接两个相等的成分。因此B）和D）应该排除。“eitheror”连接两个相等的成分时，意为“或者，或者”，两者必具其一。根据第二句话，我们知道在the library和 the bookstore均没有“我”所需要的书，故C）也应排除因此只有A）是正确答案14. _ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.A) In B) At C) On D) With 14B）at（the）sight of的意思是“一看见就”，如： She wept at the sight of his distress 一宕见他那痛苦的样子她就流泪了。 in sight或within sight意为“看得见，迫近”，如：Peace is now in sight. 和平在望。 in the sight of意为“从观点来看，在看来”，如： He was punishable in the sight of law从法律的角度来看他该受罚。15. _ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A) Making up B) Doing up C) Putting up D) Sizing up. 15D）size up意为“判断，估量”，如： They sized him up with a look他们一眼就看出他是什么样的人了make up意为“构成，化妆”，如： A car is made up of many different parts汽车由许多不同的部件组成。 do up意为“扎，捆”，如： You should do up the parcel你应把这个包裹捆上 put up意为“举起，建造”，如： put your hands up举起手来。16. _ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A) In B) From C) On D) Above 16C）on the whole是固定搭配，意为“从整体来看，大体上”，如： On the whole，the performance was a success. 从整体来看，演出是成功的。17. _ we are having these days!A) What a lovely weather B) What lovely weathers C) What lovely weather D) What lovely a weather 17C）weather是不可数名词，所以 A）可以排除。how引导感叹句时后面一般用形容词或副词，而what引导感叹句时应一般用名词（包括不可数名词），据此D）也可以排除。weather为复数时一般指处境，境遇，故B）也不合适。由此可见只有C）是正确答案。（可参见薄冰的英语语法P.496上的例句：What delightful weather we are having!这天气多好呀！）18. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now 18 B）根据句子结构我们可以看出，这里需要一个关联词来引导出一个状语从句。 since或now that或now可以用来引导原因状语从句，从句内容是一个既定的事实，例如： Now that you will come here，I neednt go there既然你要来，我就没必要到那儿去了。ever since后既可跟名词也可跟从句，表示“自从以来”。如用在此处，则不合乎逻辑，例如：He has not written any letters to her ever since he was ill自从他生病以来，他从未给她写过信。 by now只能作状语， 不能引导从句，意为“到目前为止”，例如： She ought to have arrived at her office by now她现在本该到办公室了虽然for可以引导表示原因的分句，但该分句要位于第一个分句之后，例如： I dont like him，for he always makes empty promises我不喜欢他，因为他总是作一些空头许诺19. _ when she started complaining.A) Not until he arrived B) Hardly had he arrived C) No sooner had he arrived D) Scarcely did he arrive 19B）句型“hardly（scarcely）when”和“no soonerthan”表示“一就”，例如：No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey他刚到家就被要求做另一次旅行。Hardly had she agreed to marry him when she began to have serious doubts她刚同意同他结婚，就开始产生严重的疑虑。Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang他一进房间电话就响了。因此，B）正确而C）错误。由于主句谓语动词arrive要先于从句谓语动词start，因此从句使用一般过去时时，主句只能使用过去完成时，所以，D）错误。 not until或“notuntil”意为“直到才”，用来引导时间状语从句，例如： Not until midnight did they find their lost child直到深夜他们才找到走失的孩子。根据句子结构，not until he arrived若用在这里，整个句子就没有主句了，犯了结构不完整的错误，因此，A）也不是正确答案。20. _ whether he will come or not.A) There is no telling B) There is not telling C) There is telling not D) There is not to tell 20A）“There is no doing sth.”或“There is not any doing sth.”相当于 “It is impossible to do sth.”，意为“做是不可能的”，如：There is no knowing when he would be back无法知道他什么时候回来又如：There is not any telling what became of her她出什么事了，无可奉告。21. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) Compare C) While comparing D) Comparing 21A）由于句子主语the highest mountain与动词compare是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此这里不能使用现在分词作状语，故D）错误，例如：Written in a terse，lucid style，the book describes the authors childhood experiences in Louisiana just before the outbreak of the Civil War（write与句子主语the book为逻辑动宾关系，因此应使用过去分词作状语）这本书以简明、透彻的文体、描述了作者于南北战争前，在路易斯安娜州的童年生活。有的学生认为可以将动词原形 compare用于祈使句，但是由于compare是及物动词，其后要跟宾语，而且由于在同一个句号前不可以出现两个既不是并列关系， 也不是从属关系的句子，故B）不是正确答案。when和while等连词引导时间状语从句时，当从句主语和主句主语一致，而且从句动词是be的形式时，可以将从句的主语和be的变化形式省略，A）和C）都符合这一规定，但是由于 compare和被省略掉的主语the highest mountain是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处只能使用过去分词，例如：When deeply absorbed in what he was reading，which he often was，he forgot all other things. 他常常聚精会神地读书,这时他就会把其他一切事情全忘掉。22. _ you as soon as I know what _.A) Ill phonedoes happen B) Ill phonehas happenedC) I am phoninghappens D) I am going to phonehappens 22 B） as soon as引导时间状语从句时，从句中通常用一般时替代将来时，主句则用将来时。据此，可以排除 C）。be going to do sth. 虽也表示将来，但侧重“打算做某事，安排好做某事”，故D）也应予以排除。A）中的 does happen强调谓语，此处不合题意。 B）中的has happened强调某种结果，符合题意，因此B）为正确答案。23. _ you need is a good rest.A) Everything B) Anything C) All D) Something 23C）anything常用于疑问句和否定句。虽然something可用于肯定句中，但表示“某事，某物”之意。all在现代英语中可以作一个句子的主语、宾语或补语，但后面需接一个定语从句在这种情况下，all可能有两个含义：一个相当于everything，另一个相当于the only thing（s）。根据句子结构，此处all作第二层意思讲因此C）为正确答案，A），B）和D）均不正确。24. _ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A) As B) Since C) Provided D) While 24D）as可用来引导时间状语从句、方式状语从句和让步状语从句，分别意为“当时候，随着”，“正如”，“虽然，尽管”，该词引导让步状语从句时，从句要位于主句前，而且从句内容要倒装，例如：Successful as he is，he is not proud他虽然成功了，却不骄傲。provided用来引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，例如：I will lend you my book provided that you keep it clean只要不把书搞脏，我会把书借给你since t用来引导时间状语从句和原因状语从句，意为“自从；因为”，例如： He has written once since he left他自去后曾来过一封信。连词while不但可以引导时间状语从句，而且还可以引导让步状语从句，作“尽管”讲，例如：English and French are living languages while Latin is dead英语和法语是现在都有人说的语言，而拉丁语现在却没有人说了。25. _ your poor record in school, we think you should study harder.A) In spite of B) In view of C) In charge of D) In case of 25B）in view of意为“考虑到，鉴于”，如：In view of his youth，the police have decided not to continue with the case against him念在他年轻，警方决定不对他起诉而in spite of作“尽管，不顾”讲，如： I went out in spite of the rain尽管下雨，我仍然外出。 in charge of意为“主管，掌管”，如。She is in charge of the work now. 她目前掌管这一工作。in case of意为“假使，如果发生”，如： In case of fire，ring the alarm bell. 万一有火情，请按警铃。26. _, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal 26A）从句子结构可以看出，本句的前面部分是表示条件的状语，other things being equal是一个分独立结构，可以作条件状语，如： Other things being equal，a shorter statement is preferred其他条件相同的情况下，优先选用较短的陈述。除在极个别的情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系（主谓或动宾关系），否则该分词就应该有自己的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词 + 分词”结构，即独立分词结构，独立分词结构一般可置于句首，也可置于句末，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等，如：The experiment being over，the students began their discussion做完实验，学生们开始讨论。 Silver is the best conductor，copper following behind银是最好的导体，铜次之。 Were other things equal是虚拟语气条件从句，而后面的句子是陈述语气，To be equal to other things是不定式，可以作目的状语，但不能作条件状语，Other things to be equal这样的结构不存在，因此，正确答案是A）。27. _, he does not love he