Unit 2 Travelling around the world.doc

Unit 2 Travelling around the worldWordsn W1. France n. 法国n e.g. France is one of the nearest neighbours of Britain.n W2. French adj. 法国的 n. 法国n Frenchman n. 法国人（pl. Frenchmen）n French fries n. 薯条n e.g. French clothes and handbags are very famous all over the world.n W3. flag n. 旗帜n national flag 国旗n e.g. The flag is flying for the Queens birthday.n W4. wine n. 葡萄酒n e.g. My father usually drinks some red wine at supper.n 各种酒：beer（啤酒） brandy（白兰地） whisky（威士忌） vodka（伏特加） champagne（香槟） cocktail（鸡尾酒） liquor（烈酒） distilled spirit（白酒）.n W5. tick v. 标记号；打上勾 n. 对钩；对号n opposite word：cross v. 打叉 n. 错号n e.g. Read the passage and tick the right answer.n W6. possible adj. 可能的n possibly adv. 可能；也许n possibility n. 可能；可能性n opposite word: impossible adj. 不可能的n e.g. Is it possible to get to Birmingham by train?n Ill phone you as soon as possible.n W7. Europe n. 欧洲n European adj. 欧洲的 n. 欧洲人n 七大洲：Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctican e.g. I live in Europe.n W8. store n. （大型）百货商店n department store 百货商店n e.g. This new store will be open on 4 April.n W9. vineyard n. 葡萄园n e.g. When you visit France, you can see a lot of vineyards on the way.n W10. excellent adj. 优秀的n excellence n. 优秀；卓越n excellently adj. 优秀地n e.g. Joes dream is to be an excellent architect.n W11. south n. 南部；南方 adj. 南面的；向南的 adv. 向南；朝南n 除了south外，east、west和north都有着相同的用法。n e.g. Have you been to the south of France?n W12. lie (lie-lay-lain) v. 位于；躺n lie (lie-lied-lied) v. 说谎n lay (lay-laid-laid) v. 下蛋n e.g. Alice is lying under an umbrella.n You lied again. Why cant you tell me the truth?n A hen will lay six eggs a week.n W13. coast n. 海滨；海岸n beach n. 海滩n e.g. Their house is near the coast.n The city is on the west coast of France.n W14. perfect adj. 完美的n perfectly adv. 完美的n prefect n. 地方行政长官；警察局长；教务长n e.g. The film is over with a perfect end. n W15. prefer v. 更喜欢n preference n. 偏爱的事物n prefer-preferred-preferredn e.g. Which do you prefer, the red one or the blue one?n prefer的用法：n (1)prefer + n. :n e.g. -Would you like meat or fish? -Id prefer meat, please.n (2)prefer + V-ing :n e.g. Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant?n (3)prefer + to do sth. :n e.g. I prefer to spend the weekend at home.n (4)prefer A to B :n e.g. I prefer dogs to cats.n I prefer staying at home to going out.n W16. ski v. 滑雪 n. 滑雪板n ski-skiing ski-skied-skiedn skier n. 滑雪者；滑雪运动员n skate v. 溜冰n e.g. Can you ski?n We went skiing in Austria.n W17. tower n. 塔n towel n. 毛巾（注意区别tower和towel）n e.g. The church tower is closed to the public.n W18. finish v. 完成n e.g. Can you finish writing the article in an hour?n finish的用法：n (1)finish + n. :n e.g. You can finish the task together.n (2)finish + V-ing :n e.g. I havent finished reading the book yet.n W19. lift n. 电梯；升降机 v. 举起；抬起n elevator n. 电梯；升降机n escalator n. 扶手电梯n e.g. Shall we use the stairs or take the lift?n W20. step n. 台阶；步骤n e.g. These steps go down to the garden.n We have five steps to make a cake.n W21. stairs n. 楼梯（注意是复数）n upstairs n. 楼上 downstairs n. 楼下n e.g. Jim is running down the stairs.n W22. receiver n. 接收者n receive v. 接收；收到 receive from 从哪里接收n opposite word: sender n. 寄送者n e.g. Have you got the address for the receiver?n W23. date n. 日期n e.g. Whats the date today?n 注意：Whats the date today?回答应回答具体日期；What day is today?回答应回答星期几。n W24. greeting n. 问候n greet v. 打招呼 （对比：great adj. 伟大的）n greetings n. 祝词；贺词n e.g. “Hello” and “Good morning” are greetings.n W25. address n. 地址n e.g. Do you know his address?n W26. lean v. 倾斜 adj. 瘦的；贫瘠的n lean to 倾向于.；朝向n e.g. The apple tree leaned to the field, dropping its flowers on the grass. n W27. builder n. 建造者；建筑工人n build v. 建造；构筑 building n. 建筑物n e.g. Her father was a builder from a town.n W28. upper adj. 上面的；上部的 n. 兴奋剂n opposite word: lower adj. 下面的；底部的n 区别：downer n. 镇定剂；令人沮丧的人n e.g. I can still move my upper body.n W29. fail v. 失败n failure n. 失败；不及格；不足n 区别：fall v. 落下；跌倒 n. 瀑布；秋天n e.g. Fail so you can succeed. n W30. continue v. 继续n continuous adj. 延续的；连绵的n continuity n. 连续性n continue doing sth 做一件事中断后再继续做这件事n continue to do sth 做完一件事再做别的事n e.g. The weather continues cold.n W31. further adv. 进一步的 adj. 更远的n farther adv. 更远地 adj. 更远的n further指抽象上的距离，倾向于“进一步地；更严重”，farther指具体上的距离。n e.g. Some students go abroad for further studies.n W32. expert n. 专家n 区别： except prep. 除.外 expect v. 期望；预料n 相关短语：be expert at 在.方面熟练的 be expert in 在.方面内行的 be expert with 专长于.n e.g. He is expert at driving.n W33. safety n. 安全；平安n safe adj. 安全的；保险的 n. 保险柜n e.g. Its very important to teach the children about road safety.n W34. reason n. 原因n reasonable adj. 合理的；公道的n 区别：season n. 季节n e.g. There is no reason to doubt him.n W35. effort n. 努力；尝试n make efforts to do sth 努力做某事n e.g. What was the result of this effort?n W36. reopen v. 重新开放n open v. 打开；启动n opposite word: reclose v. 重新接通（闭合）n e.g. The cafe reopened on 25 December, 2014.n W37. hopefully adv. 有希望地n hope n. 希望 v. 希望 hopeful adj. 有希望的n e.g. Hopefully, you wont have any problems after reading this passage.n W38. the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔n W39. Paris 巴黎（法国首都）n W40. Fifth Avenue 第五大道n W41. the Champs-Elysees 香榭丽舍大道n W42. Downing Street 唐宁街n W43. the White House 白宫n W44. the Louvre Museum 卢浮宫n W45. the French Alps 法属阿尔卑斯山脉Expressionsn E1. (be) famous for 以.而闻名n E2. prefer to 更喜欢n E3. prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与（做）B相比，更喜欢（做）An E4. go sightseeing 去观光n E5. go on holiday 去度假n E6. (be) different from 与.不同n E7. department store 百货商店n E8. go down the stairs 下楼梯n E9. why not do sth 为什么不做某事n E10. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事Language pointsn LP1. France is calling.n call在此处表示“召唤；号召”。n e.g. Can you call everybody in for lunch?n LP2. Paris is the capital of France.n the capital of .的首都n e.g. Beijing is the capital of China.n LP3. Here, you will find many famous places of interest such as the Eiffel Tower.n (1)place of interest 表示“名胜”，与interesting places意思相近。n e.g. I visited many places of interest when I was in Beijing.n (2)such as意思是“例如；诸如”，后接示例，用于列举，与for example意思相近，但用法不同。而such as合在一起时可以和like互换，但such as分开时不能和like互换。n e.g. Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as/ like French, Italian and Spanish.n He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks. n LP4. The most famous street in Paris is the Champs-Elysees.n the most famous是形容词famous的最高级形式，意思是“最著名的”。n 形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化：n (1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。(great-greater-greatest)n (2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。(wide-wider-widest)n (3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和-est构成。(clever-cleverer-cleverest)n (4)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-iest构成。(happy-happier-happiest)n (5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。(big-bigger-biggest)n (6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和the most 加在形容词前面来构成。(beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful)n (7)还有一些常见的形容词其比较级和最高级是不规则变化的：n good (well)-better-best many (much)-more-most bad-worse-worst far-farther/ further-farthest/ furthest n LP5. This is the place to go if you want to visit some shops and department stores.n (1)当条件句中，条件与结果存在必然关系时，主句与从句都使用一般现在时。n e.g. If water freezes, it turns into ice.n (2)department store 百货商店n e.g. If you like shopping, dont forget to visit those huge department stores in Dongmen in Shenzhen.n LP6. France is very famous for its wine.n (be) famous for 以.而闻名n e.g. Shanghai is famous for its night views.(be) famous as 作为.而出名n e.g. Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.n LP7. The south of France lies on the coast, and it is famous for its wonderful beaches. n on在此处表示at or near a place，即“在；接近”的意思。n e.g. He visited his relatives at their summer house on the river.n LP8. There are many vineyards in the centre of France and farmers grow grapes to make excellent French wine.n (1)in the centre of. 在.中部；在.中心（侧重四周的中心范围）n in the middle of. 在.中间（侧重两者或几个的中间）n at the centre of. 在.的中心n e.g. Peoples Square is in the centre of Shanghai.n (2)grow的用法：n a. grow表示“种植”，在上面的句子中就是表示这个意思：n e.g. We should grow more trees in our city.n b. grow表示“生长；长大”，：n e.g. Plants grow from seeds.n c. grow表示“留（头发或指甲）”：n e.g. Claire is growing her long hair.n d. grow表示“变成；开始”，作系动词用：n e.g. It began to grow dark. n LP9. A French town by the sea is the perfect place for a summer holiday, but if you prefer to visit France in winter, you can try skiing on the mountains in the French Alps.n try doing sth 尝试做某事n try to do sth 尽力做某事（=try ones best to do sth）n e.g. Lets try skating this time.n Lets try to make a poster for our club together.n L10. ., so why not visit France this year?n Why not + v. 为什么不.；.怎么样n Why not和Why dont you可互换：n e.g. Why not start the meeting at once?n =Why dont you start the meeting at once.n L11. In 1948, a (n) walked up to the first floor.n walk up 走上；登上n e.g. We have to walk up, for there is no lift here.n L12. In 1983, two men went down the stairs on .n go down the stairs 下楼n go up the stairs 上楼n e.g. When I went down the stairs, I found the dog was sitting on some trousers.n L13. Where would you like to go on holiday?n go on holiday 去度假n go on后面可接名词表示“去做什么”，例如go on a picnic（去野餐）。n e.g. Many people go on holiday in August.n L14. go sightseeing 去观光n go后常接V-ing表达“去做某事”。n e.g. go shopping go cycling go swimming go boating n L15. The Tower of Pisa is one of the most beautiful bell towers in Italy.n (1)bell tower 钟楼；钟塔n (2)one of +形容词最高级 .中的一个，后面接名词要用复数：n e.g. one of the best student one of the most delicious dishesn L16. It is not only beautiful, but also strange - it leans to one side.n (1)not only.but also. 不仅.而且.n e.g. He is not only a scientist but also an artist.n (2)lean to 向.倾斜；倾向于.n lean v. （使）倾斜 adj. 瘦的；贫瘠的n lean-leant-leant（区别：learn-learnt-learnt）n e.g. After the earthquake, all the houses in town leant to the east.n I am beginning to lean to the opinions of the chairman.n L17. Today it is known as “the Leaning Tower of Pisa”.n be known as 被称为.；被誉为.（后接事物的别称）n e.g. Shanghai is also known as “the Oriental Pearl”n L18. In 1178, when the building got to the third floor, it started to lean.n get to 到达（某一阶段；某一部分）n e.g. When you get to seventy, you are not so active as you were at fifty. n L19. Over the years, the tower has continued to lean further.n (1)over在这里表示“在.期间”，与during意思相近。n e.g. We met several times over the Christmas holidays.n (2)continue to do sth 继续做某事n e.g. He continued to do the project after supper.n (3)lean further 倾斜得更为严重n L20. In 1990, it was closed to the public for safety reason.n be closed是被动语态结构，表示“被关闭”。n L21. Hopefully it will be safe for at least the next 300 years.n (1)at least 至少n e.g. The judge will put him in prison for at least five years.n (2)the next 300 years表示“之后的300年”，next在这里作形容词，表示“之后的；接下来的”。Grammarn G1. 专有名词（proper nouns）的定义：n 专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织结构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。n (1)人名、地名：n Jenny/Smith/China/Asia/ the Great Wall /Londonn (2)组织机构、时间、书籍报刊等名称：n the United Nations/ Bank of China/ May /Sunday/ Time/ the New York Timesn (3)家庭关系名称、个人头衔：n Mum/ Grandpa/ Doctor Black /Captain Grey/ Mr. Hopkins/ Miss Whiten G2. 专有名词的注意事项：n (1)因为专有名词具有专有独一性，所以一般情况下，专有名词的第一个字母要大写，不能在专有名词的前面加上不定冠词a/ an，也不能在专有名词词尾加上表示复数形式的-s。n e.g. Beijing is the capital of China.n 但是有时专有名词可以转化成普通名词，转化后它便具有普通名词的特性了，即可以在前面加上不定冠词a/ an，也可以在词尾加上表示复数形式的-s。n e.g. A Mr. Green called just now.（a Mr. Green相当于a man called Mr. Green）n There are three Johns in this class.（three Johns相当于three people called John）n China-china Turkey-turkey John-johnn 练习：判断下列句子中专有名词变普通名词后所表达的意思。n I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one.n There are many Edisons in our country.n (2)姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词the。但是，当姓氏前面加定冠词the，同时在姓氏后面加上-s时，就表示“一家人”的意思。n e.g. the Smithsn The Blacks moved house three weeks ago.n (3)有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中谓语动词通常用单数形式。n e.g. the United Statesn The United Nations looks after the whole world.（此句中把the United Nations看成一个整体）n G3. 连词（conjunction）的定义n 我们可以使用连词来连接两个意思联系紧密的句子，也可以连接两个相同的成分。n G4. and的用法n (1)and是“和；还；而且”的意思，用于连接形容词、副词、名词、动词或句子。n e.g. Ive got a red and blue shirt.（连接两个形容词）n Please do your homework slowly and carefully.（连接两个副词）n Bob and Janet danced.（连接两个名词）n They sang and danced.（连接两个动词）n I met John and we talked for a while.（连接两个句子）n (2)当and用于连接两个句子或短语时，我们可以省略重复的部分。n e.g. He is sitting there and (he is) watching television.n I need to go to the post office and (to) the library.n (3)在连接两个单词或简短的句子时，and前不用加逗号。n e.g. I bought a hat and a scarf.n I ate pizza and drank some coffee.n (4)如果and连接的内容超过两个，则需要使用逗号，但and前不使用逗号。n e.g. I bought a hat, a scarf and a coat.n (5)忘记使用and是一个常见的错误。n e.g. He brought chicken wings, hot dogs to the barbecue. ()n He brought chicken wings and hot dogs to the barbecue. ()n G5. but的用法n (1)but意思是“但是；可是”，用于连接前后内容不同或相反的句子，表示转折的含义。n e.g. Joan can sing but she cant dance.（肯定+but+否定）n Our flat is new but very small.（好的+but+坏的）n (2)我们还可以用but来比较句子的主语，和and一样，使用but时，也要避免重复相同的部分。n e.g. Sally likes swimming but Doris doesnt (like swimming).n Martin is a good student but Thomas isnt (a good student).n (3)有时候，我们也可以把否定的部分置于but前面。n e.g. Martin isnt happy but I am.n My elder brother doesnt like pizza