初中阶段学生易混淆、易错词组.doc

初中阶段学生易混淆、易错的语言知识一、容易混淆的语言知识1.sometimes adv. 有时候sometime adv. （过去或将来的）某时候 （可借助something“某事”联想记忆）some times adv. 几次 (some 修饰可数名词“次数”的复数)some time n. 一些时候，一段时间(some 修饰不可数名词“时间”)e.g. Sometimes we are busy and sometimes were not.我们有时忙有时不忙。 Well meet again sometime next week. 下星期的某个时候我们将再见面。 I bought it sometime last spring. 我是在去年春天某个时候买得它。 I have been to Beijing some times. 我去过北京几次。 I have been here for some time. 我来这有一会了。2.have gone to 已经去了have been to 去过（+次数）have been in 在某地 （+时间段）e.g. -Where is mom, dad? 爸爸，妈妈在哪？ -She has gone to the shop. 她去商店了。 I have been to Hong Kong five times. 我去过香港5次。 I have been in Shanghai for 2 years. 我待在上海2年了。3.used to do 过去（常常）做（隐含现在已经不做）(可以把used理解为动词过去式，也可以把used to 整体理解为类似于情态动词的用法)be used to do ( use to do 的被动式) 被用来做be used for doing (use for doing 的被动式) 被用来做get / be used to doing 习惯于做get / be used to sth. 习惯于4.spend花费（时间 / 钱）/ pay付款 / take花费（时间）/ cost花费（钱） 人+ spend st./sm. on sth. (spent, spent)人+spend st./sm. (in) doing sth. 人+pay (sb) sm. for sth. (paid, paid)物+ take sb st. to do (took, taken)物+ cost sb. sm to do (cost, cost)5.短语 时态 提问短语 翻译for+时间段/ since+时间点 现在完成时 How long？ 多久in+时间段 一般将来时 How soon？ 还要多久twice a week How often？ 多久一次 twice How many times？几次6. put v. put on 穿；带上；上演 put off 延期 put out 扑灭put up举起；挂起7. take v. take away 拿走take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞take out 取出 take place 发生；举行 take up 开始从事8. turn v. turn on 打开（电视，电灯，收音机，水龙头等）turn off 关掉（电视，电灯，收音机，水龙头等）turn up （把音量等）调高turn down （把音量等）调低turn out 结果是；证明是turn over 翻（车/ 页 /身）turn into 变成9. go v.go on 继续 go out熄灭 go over 复习 go ahead go wrong 出错10. get v. get back 返回get off 下车get on/in 上车（大/小）get to 到达get up 起床11. talk v. talk with/ to sb. 和某人交谈talk about 谈论，议论talk over 讨论，商量12. out adv. /prep.find out 找出；查明；了解go out 熄灭look/watch out 注意；留神 （look out of the window 朝窗外看）pick out挑选出point out 指出turn out 结果是；证明是work out 算出；做出；制定出；解决出（solve）13. off get off下车keep off 阻挡；不让接近put off 推迟；延期see off 为送行show off 炫耀take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞turn off 关掉（电灯，电视，收音机等）14. updress up 穿着；打扮get up 起床grow up 长大look up 查询；抬头看pick up 挑选出put up 举起；挂起shut up 住口stay up 熬夜take up 开始从事turn up 调高wake up 醒来15. onbe keen on 热衷于come on 加油depend/ rely on 依赖；依靠get on 上车go on 继续have pity on 同情hold on 等一等（别挂断电话）live on 以为生play a trick on 戏弄put on 穿上turn on 打开16. forask (sb.) for （向某人）寻求be good/ bad for 对有好/坏处be famous for 因而著名be late for 迟到be responsible for 对负责leave for 动身去look for 寻找prepare for 为做准备search for 搜寻；搜查17. withagree with sb.be angry with sb.be busy with sth.be covered withbe connected withbe/ get familiar withbe pleased/ satisfied withbe strict withcommunicate withdeal withgo on with sth.help with sth.keep in touch with make friends withplay withshake hands withsharewithtalk with sb. 18. ofat the end of be afraid of be fond of be full of be made of be made up of be proud of because of consist of die ofdream of hear of in charge of in favour of in front ofin the middle of instead of make fun of out of run out of take care of take hold of think of with the help of 19. Whats the date today? (date n.日期)今天几号？What day is it today?今天星期几？Whats the weather like today? （like prep. 像，what 充当介词的宾语）今天天气怎么样？20.I dont know what to do with？ (what充当及物动词do的宾语)I dont know how to deal with？（词组deal with处理+宾语）21. so修饰形容词，such 修饰名词so beautiful a girl = such a beautiful girl（中心语是 girl） 如此漂亮的一个女孩特例：当形容词是(many/few/much/little时只用so修饰)so many / few + nc.pl.（可数名词复数） so many/ few books 如此多的书so much / little + nu. (不可数名词) so much/ little water 如此少的水22.join v. 加入（正式团体/组织 ） e.g. 1. join the army/ Party 参军/入党 2. join WTO/ WHO加入世界贸易组织/世界卫生组织join in = take part in 参加（活动）join sb. in (doing) (sth.) 和某人一起做attend a meeting 参加/ 出席会议attend a class 听课attend a lecture 听报告23.learn sth from 向学习 （from 表示“从”）borrow sth. from . 向借lend sth. to sb. 把借给（to 表示“方向”）24.区分 a number of 和the number of a number of （修饰可数名词复数）许多（谓语动词用复数）the number of （加可数名词复数）数量（谓语动词用单数）25. 量词只能修饰可数名词复数few/fewer/fewesta few(too/quite) manya (great/large) number of 只能修饰不可数名词little/ less/ leasta little mucha large amount of huge amounts of 既能修饰可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词moremostsomeanya lot of/ lots of plenty of 26.= 2 3谓语动词肯定both all复数（肯定用复数）否定neither none单数（否定用单数）27.because of 因为 prep + n./ pronbecause 因为 conj. +原因状语从句e.g. I was late because the traffic was bad.I was late because of the bad traffic.28. 由组成be made up of 由组成consist of由组成；包括e.g. Our class is made up of 30 students. Our class consists of 30 students.29hold vt. 举行(held, held)sb. hold sth. / sth. be heldtake place vi.发生；举行sth take place happen vi. 发生sth. happen to sb. 某事发生到某人身上sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事What has happened? 发生什么事情了啊？30. 改反意疑问句时“had”的区分（判断had 是过去式had, 还是助动词had或情态动词词组中的had）e.g. She had bread and milk for breakfast yesterday morning, didnt she?（have“吃饭”的过去式） She had to get up early to catch the early bus, didnt she? （have to“不得不”的过去式） She d better get up early to see her mother off, hadnt she?（情态动词had better“最好”） She had lived in Shanghai for 10 years by last year, hadnt she? (过去完成时had lived)二、 常见用于感叹句中的不可数名词 advice 建议 information 信息 news 新闻 paper 纸 fun 乐事，乐趣weather 天气Tips: 1. 斜体部分可以用a piece of / pieces of 表示数量 2. 合成词newspaper可数。e.g. two newspapers 两份报纸 3. 当paper 解释为“试卷”或“报纸”时，当作可数名词。三、 常见以-or结尾的名词actor 男演员 author 作者calculator 计算器conductor 售票员 creator 创造者director 导演 editor 编辑 inventor 发明家 monitor 班长，监视器 operator 手术员，操作者 professor 教授visitor 游客四、同义词/句boring / dull adj. 枯燥的，令人厌烦的manage/ operate/ run v. 管理你认为怎么样？What do you think of？How do you like？五、是否去e去e n.argue v. argument . true a. truly adv.true a. truth . noise n. noisy adj. wide a. width possible adj. possiblywise a. wisdom gentle adj. gently不去eamuse a. amusement n.change a. changeable adj.polite a. pol