Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII.doc

Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWIII. Fill in the blanks.1. _ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.2. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a _ , devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.3. The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was_ .4. The publication of The Waste Land, written by_ , helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.5. In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in_ .6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel_ .7. The_ of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nations self-confidence.8. An American woman writer named _ who had lived in Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name the Lost Generation.9. _ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States, and its effect on the lives of modern people, both black and white.10. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the _ movement.11. Ezra Pounds major work of poetry is the long poem called_ .12. One of Edwin Arlington Robinsons early books, _ , once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.13. Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with the_ Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.14. Robert Frost s first book_ brought him to the attention of influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an authentic poet.15. Robert Frosts second volume of poems was_ .16. After Apple-Picking is a well-known poem written by _ .17. _ , one of Robert Frost s longest poems, is a very witty and wise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.18. At one time, Sandburgs reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of_ including The Prairie Years and The War Years.19. Carl Sandburg s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tend ency to represent it in literature such as in his_ .20. _ was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.21. At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems, entitled_ .22. _ is a collection of Wallace Stevens s occasional lectures on poetry.23. For the publication of his Collected Poems, _ received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.24. After his death, Wallace Stevenss previously uncollected works appeared under the title_ .25. In 1915, _ published his Prufrock and Other Observations.26. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his_ , containing, among other essays, Tradition and the Individual Talent, the earliest statement of his aesthetics.27. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece_ , one of the major works of modern literature.28. As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his close friend_ in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.29. Thomas Stearns Eliot s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by_ , a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.30. In his work_ , Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end not with a bang, but a whimper. 31. Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than_ , and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.32. Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is_ , a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.33. Thomas Stearns Eliots last important work was_ , a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.34. F. Scott Fitzgerald s first novel_ , with its portrayal of casual dissipations of flaming youth , was an immediate commercial success.35. In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel_ . It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.36. F. Scott Fitzgerald s second novel_ describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.37. The hero in F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel_ is a psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.38. F. Scott Fitzgeralds last novel_ remained unfinished.39. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, _ became the spokes man for what Gertrude Stein had called a Lost Generation.40. Emest Hemingway s stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel_ in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.41. Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel_ stated again Hemingway s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.42. In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named_ , who shows triumphant even in defeat.43. In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a_ for his mastery of the art of modem narration.44. Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingways life and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work _ .45. In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel entitled_ , which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.46. In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald s Tales of the Jazz Age became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway s novel _ painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.47. Ernest Hemingway s_ can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.48. The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway s writing_ , a play which was universally deplored.49. _ was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.50. In the short novel_ , John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers.51. In the work_ John Steinbeck described the fate of the lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.52. _ is generally regarded as John Steinbeck s masterpiece.53. In 1935, John Steinbeck published_ , a collection of short stories which vividly described the life of poor Mexican-Americans with affection and humor.54. John Steinbeck s post-war novel _ reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of society which made the war possible.55. Quentin is a character in William Faulkners novel_ .56. Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkners novel_ .57. The works written by_ may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.58. Katherine Ann Porters novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts, _, _ and_ .59. In her essay Place in Fiction , Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of _ for literary creations. She is noted for her fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate to_ .60. Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and her well-known novels are_ and_ .61. One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt European avantgardism to American writing is62. The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on the theme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John Crowe Ransom s collection ofcritical essays_ .II. Decide whether Hie statements are true or false.1. In the years preceding World War I , nineteenth-century realism and naturalism remained vital forces in American literature.2. The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentieth century were historical romances.3. Early in the twentieth-century, the growth of mass-circulation periodicals created a rich marketplace for popular writers.4. Early in the 20th century, a rising number of little magazines brought numerous avant-garde writers to the attention of a limited but sophisticated audience.5. The form and direction of modem American literature had clearly begun to emerge in the first decade of the 20th century.6. For the U. S. , the First World War began as a crusade for purity and democracy, and at its end, President Wilson proclaimed that Americans had gained everything for which they had fought.7. The First World War led the American intellectuals to a bitter disillusionment.8. In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights.9. Jazz music of the American Negro is the most influential art form to originate in the U. S. 10. The American years between 1920 and 1930 were a time of new direction and new achievements in all the arts.11. Although short-lived, the Imagist movement had a tremendous influence on modern poetry.12. Ezra Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time.13. Three American writers won the Nobel Prize for Literature during the years between the two world wars.14. Edwin Arlington Robinson began his career as a novelist in bleakness and poverty.15. Edwin Arlington Robinson* s poems sometimes appear to be simple, yet the surface simplicity often serves to conceal an intricacy and subtlety of thought.16. Like Robert Frost, Edwin Arlington Robinson was also noted for his use of a dry, sometimes biting, New England humor.17. By the end of his life, Edgar Allan Poe had become a national bard; he received honorary degrees from forty-four colleges and universities.18. Robert Frost won four Nobel Prizes in his life.19. Robert Frost rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, and chose the old-fashioned way to be new instead.20. Robert Frost employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.21. As a poet of nature, Robert Frost had obvious affinities with romantic writers, notably William Wordsworth and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and he saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.22. Robert Frosts concern with nature reflected his deep moral uncertainties.23. Robert Frosts poetry often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed.24. Among the American poets since Walt Whitman, Robert Frost is the most universal in his appeal.25. In popularity Carl Sandburg came next after Robert Frost. His most cherished ideal of life was to be the word of the people. 26. Carl Sandburg was probably the only great poet who wrote in the Whit-manesque tradition in the present century. Like Walt Whitman, he contains multitudes.27. It is not fair to say that Carl Sandburg did not see the evils of modern life. But it is also true that he wrote chiefly to help the sick and give the people hope. Therefore, he was optimistic.28. Carl Sandburg was a socialist. His voice was a hearty voice from the masses of the people he had close contact with all his life.29. Wallace Stevens created his poetry as a gifted nonprofessional, less concerned about promoting his literary reputation than about perfecting what he wrote.30. Wallace Stevens was absolutely committed to the notion that a poet lives in two worldsthe world of reality and the world of imaginationand builds bridges between them.31. There is no question that Wallace Stevens always kept pace with the modern spirit of his times.32. Such poems as Prufrock and Gerontion had suggested the spiritual debility of the modem individual and his culture.33. In satirical counterpoint, Thomas Stearns Eliots Sweeny poems had symbolized the rising tide of anticultural infidelity and human baseness.34. In 1927, Thomas Stearns Eliot was confirmed in Anglican Church and become a British subject. So both countries claim his works as part of their own literature.35. Ezra Pound described himself as a royalist in politics, a classicist in literature, and an Anglo-Catholic in religion. 36. Thomas Stearns Eliot s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life, in strong contrast with the desperation of The Waste Land.37. In his novels, F. Scott Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of an age of glittering innocence, he had portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dream of love, splendor and fulfilled desires.38. F. Scott Fitzgerald was the most representative novelist of the 1920 s. He was both a leading participant in the typically frivolous, carefree, mon-eymaking life of the decade and, at the same time, a detached observer of it. His own life was a mirror of the times.39. Throughout his life, F. Scott Fitzgerald s greatest happiness and deepest sorrow were caused by his wife Zelda.40. F. Scott Fitzgerald was the victim of his own success. His early success damaged his life and spoiled his literary production.41. F. Scott Fitzgerald dealt most astutely with the double theme of love and money.42. F. Scott Fitzgerald was the spokesman of a crucial and revealing period in the culture history of his country.43. Ernest Hemingway was the first American to be wounded in Italy during World War I .44. Ernest Hemingway developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.45. Ernest Hemingway s works have sometimes been read as an essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with sterility, failure, and death.46. To Ernest Hemingway, mans greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure, or what he described in A Farewell to Arms as holding the purity of line through the maximum of exposure. 47. In 1937, Emest Hemingway became a foreign correspondent covering the Spanish Civil War. Three years later he published The Sun also Rises.48. By 1923, Ernest Hemingway s first book Three Stories and Ten Poems was out. Then his second book In Our Time followed, which secured his critical reputation.49. In Dubious Battle was John Steinbeck s most clearly Proletarian novel of class struggle.50. John Steinbeck s treatment of the social problems of his time, particularly the plight of the dispossessed fanner, earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and in 1962, a Nobel Prize for Literature.51. F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote sympathetically about poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, labourers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to his readers.52. John Steinbeck s theme was usually that simple human virtues such as kindness and fair treatment were far superior to official hard-heartedness, or the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters for their own commercial advantage.53. John Steinbeck nearly always wrote the dialogue of his books just as itshould sound, using the strange spelling to denote the regional accent, and inserting many words of slang and dialect.54. During the Depression years, John Steinbeck s fiction combined warm humour , regionalism, and violence with a realistic technique which produced a unique kind of social protest.55. William Faulkner, like Robert Frost, was a regionalist, who spent most of his life in a small, particular area of the United States, writing about the scenes and people he knew best.56. William Faulkner s region was the Deep South, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war and destruction.57. Most of William Faulkner s stories take place in the imaginary Yok-napatawpha County and concern members of the same families at different times in history.58. William Faulkner s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, one connected story.59. In 1950, William Faulkner received both Americas highest literary award and the Nobel Prize for Literature.60. William Faulkner died just one year after Ernest Hemingway, and so passed away Americas two most remarkable modern writers.