北师大版高中英语选修七教案：Unit 21Period Three Word版含答案.doc

period threelesson 3epidemics explained.重点单词1.urban adj.城市的 2.rebuild vt.重建3.trial n.试验；试用；审判4.prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n.禁止；禁令5.unite vt.联合；团结；统一6.pause n.停顿；暂停7.statistics n.统计资料；统计数字8.symptom n.症状9.routine n.常规；惯例10.press n.新闻界；报界；vt.压；按；紧握；逼迫11.parallel n.相似之处；平行线12.adaptation n.变化；变种13.foresee vt.预见14.mourn vi.&vt.感到悲痛；表示哀悼15.underline vt.表明重要性；强调16.thorough adj.彻底的；细致的17.teamwork n.协作；配合18.faith n.信心；信任；信仰；信念faithful adj.忠实的；忠诚的；如实的faithfully adv.准确地；如实地；忠实地；忠诚地.重点短语1.wipeout彻底毁灭；彻底消灭2.upto达到(某数量、程度等)3.dieof死于(疾病、过度悲伤等)4.onrecord记录在案的 5.sweepthrough (使)扫过/掠过/迅速传遍于6.dotrialson对做试验7.ratherthan而不是8.alackof缺乏，缺少9.beharmfulto对有害10.leadto导致11.stopsth.initstracks终止；消灭12.leaveout漏掉，忘掉.重点句式1.现在完成进行时since the sars epidemic ended，scientists havebeendoing(do) trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。2.be believed to have done.被认为having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the spanish flu is believed tohavebeen(be)the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月的时间里就杀死了5 000万人，它有传染年轻人和身体健康的人而不是老年人的倾向，因此西班牙流感被认为是人类历史上最严重的传染病。3.leave宾语宾补it struck near the end of the first world war and left families mourning(mourn) worldwide.它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。.根据课文内容判断正(t)误(f)1.flu kills millions of people every year.(t)2.most diseases are very new.(t)3.epidemics have affected historical events.(t)4.it takes years for a disease to spread worldwide.(t)5.epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.(t).课文阅读理解1.why is it important to look at the spread of diseases through the history?a.because it can enlarge our knowledge.b.because many epidemics could be the next global epidemics.c.because people are curious about the history of epidemics.d.because it can help us discover the causes and effects of epidemics，and foresee and prevent them in the future.答案d2.which of the following is one of the earliest epidemics on record?a.the black death.b.the epidemic which happened about 500550 ad and swept through north africa，the middle east and europe.c.the spanish flu.d.sars.答案b3.which of the following is one of the main causes of the fall of the roman empire according to the passage?a.up to 50% of the areas population died of a serious epidemic.b.the king of the roman empire died.c.the economy of the roman empire had fallen down.d.other countries invaded the roman empire.答案a4.which of the following is not the condition for “the black death” to spread worldwide?a.war.b.crowded cities.c.a lack of basic health routines.d.food.答案d5.what kind of people did the spanish flu strike most?a.women. b.the young and fit.c.the old. d.the weak.答案b.课文难句分析1.modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite，share knowledge，and work together without pause to help put sars behind us.句式分析本句是简单句。moderncommunicationtechnologyandmedicalresearchtechniques是主语；谓语动词是allow；health experts all over the world是宾语；to unite，share knowledge，and work together without pause是三个不定式连用，作宾语补足语；to help put sars behind us作目的状语。自主翻译现代通讯技术和医学研究技术使全世界的医学专家们能够联合起来，分享知识，不停顿地通力合作，这将有助于我们摆脱“非典”。2.many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 spanish flu proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.句式分析本句是复合句。especially as.是as引导的时间状语从句；本句中含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词scientists和people；that bird flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus是that引导的宾语从句。自主翻译许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。重点词汇1.epidemics can wipeout up to half of the population in urban areas.传染病能够彻底毁灭城市一半的人口。wipe out彻底毁灭；彻底消灭wipe away/off/up(用布、手等)擦干净，抹掉wipe sth.down/wipe down sth.(用湿布)彻底擦干净(1)measles(麻疹)，was nearly wiped out in the united states 14 years ago by the universal use of the mmr vaccine(疫苗).通过普遍使用mmr疫苗，14年前麻疹在美国就已经被彻底消灭了。(2017北京)(2)wipe your tears away/off/up；believe yourself and try again.擦干你的眼泪，相信自己，再试一次。(3)when youve washed the car，wipe it down well.洗完车后，要把它(布)用彻底擦干净。2.since the sars epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。trial n.试验；试用；审判do trials on对做试验on trial在试验中be on/go on/stand trial for.因受审bring sb.to trial将某人付诸审判come/go to trial开庭审理(1)we had the machine on trial for a week.这台机器我们试用了一个星期。(2)she will be on/go on/stand trial for fraud.她因涉嫌诈骗将受到审判。(3)the men were arrested but not broughttotrial.这些人已被逮捕但并未送交法院审判。一词多义写出下列句子中trial的汉语意思(4)she agreed to employ me for a trial period.试用(5)in a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitness to believe and which not to believe.审判(1)prohibit vt.禁止prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n.禁止；禁令prohibition against.的禁令(6)the professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited.教授是个聋哑人，任何谈话都是被禁止的。(2017全国)(7)we are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作时间内我们不得喝酒。(8)his small size prohibits his becoming(become)a policeman.他的小个子使他无法当警察。(9)the prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.酒后开车的禁令将会挽救许多人的生命。(10)they voted in favor of the prohibition(prohibit) of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合吸烟。联想归纳表示“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的其他表达法：discouragesb.fromdoingsth.；bansb.fromdoingsth.；preventsb.(from)doingsth.；forbidsb.fromdoingsth.；keepsb.fromdoingsth.；stopsb.(from)doingsth.单句改错(11)the law prohibits tobacconists(烟草商) selling cigarettes to children.3.the conditions in much of asia and europewar，crowded cities and a lack of basic health routinesprovided the perfect conditions for the disease to spread worldwide.当时亚洲和欧洲的大部分地区都陷于这样的状况战争频发，城市拥挤不堪，缺乏基本的健康体系，这种状况促进了瘟疫在全球范围内的蔓延。routine n.常规，惯例break/follow the routine 打破/遵守常规daily routine 日常生活；日常工作a break from routine 摆脱刻板的生活(1)she doesnt do it according to routine.她没按常规做这件事。(2)a creative man will never followtheroutine.勇于创新的人永远不会墨守成规。(3)she needed a breakfromroutine.她需要摆脱一下刻板的生活。4.it is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics，and hopefully，foresee and prevent them in the future.重要的是回顾一下历史上疾病的传播情况，从而弄清楚流行病的起因和后果，并且希望将来能够预见并阻止它们的发生。(1)foresee vt.预见(2)foresight n.先见，远见；预见(3)foreseeable adj.可预知的；能预测的注意：foresee的过去式为foresaw，过去分词为foreseen。(1)i dont foresee any difficulties so long as we keep within budget.只要我们不超出预算，我看不出会有什么困难。(2)he had the foresight to invest his money carefully.他深谋远虑，投资谨慎。(3)he couldneverhaveforeseen that one day his books would sell in millions.他从没预想过有一天他的书会卖掉几百万本。句型转换(4)he foresaw that prices would drop next year.he predicted that prices would drop next year.5.with all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a bird flu epidemic initstracks.随着国际间的共同努力，我们应该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。(1)faith n.信心；信任；信仰；信念have faith in sb.信任某人/对某人有信心lose faith in对失去信心/不再相信in good faith真诚；诚心诚意地(2)faithful adj.忠诚的；诚实的；如实的be faithful to忠实于，忠诚于(3)faithfully adv.准确地；如实地；忠实地(1)he is always telling lies，so nearly all the people lose faith in him.他总是撒谎，因此几乎所有的人都不信任他了。(2)the woman who sold me the car claimed she had acted ingoodfaith.那个卖给我汽车的女人声称她是真心实意出售的。(3)she was always faithful(faith) to her husband.她对她的丈夫一直忠贞不渝。单句改错(4)i always have faith he will come to our party in person.stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭stop sb.in sb.s tracks (由于恐惧或吃惊)某人突然止步或怔住be on track稳步前进；做法对头keep/lose track of.了解/不了解的动态；保持/失去联系(5)this famous sportsmans career was stopped in its tracks because of his doping drugs.因为服用违禁药品，这位著名的体育运动员被终止了运动生涯。(6)what happened then?the noise stoppedmeinmytracks.后来呢？那声音突然使我怔住了。(7)curtis isontrack for the gold medal.柯蒂斯正踏上夺取金牌之途。(8)bank statements help you keeptrackof where your money is going.银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。经典句式1.having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the spanish flu isbelievedtohavebeen the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月的时间里就杀死了5 000万人，它有传染年轻人和身体健康的人而不是老年人的倾向，因此西班牙流感被认为是人类历史上最严重的传染病。(1).be believed to be.为固定句式，意为“被认为是”，本句中不定式用的其完成时。(2)该句式也适用于以下动词：say/think/expect/suppose/consider.，该句式中的不定式可根据句子的时态用以下几种不同的形式：to do/be，to be done，to have done，to have been done等。(3)该句式还可以转化为it is/was believed/said/thought/expected/.that从句。注意：its suggested/required/demanded that.中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略。(1)the banks are widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates.人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。(2)it is considered to be a great honor.它被认为是一种莫大的荣誉。(3)he is said tohaveleft(leave) the stage already as he has become an official.据说因为成为了一名官员他已经离开了舞台。句型转换(4)they are believed to have left london.it is believed that they have left london.2.it struck near the end of the first world war and leftfamiliesmourningworldwide.它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。本句中使用了“leave宾语宾补”的结构，其常见句式结构为：(1)leave宾语形容词/副词/介词短语，表示“使处于某种状态”。(2)leave宾语名词，多表示一种结果。(3)leave宾语现在分词/不定式，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。(4)leave宾语过去分词，其中宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。(1)his illness has left him very weak.他的病使他的身体很虚弱。(2)his parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.他父母去年双双去世，他成了孤儿。(3)dont leave the work half done(do).不要半途而废。(4)he left his lawyer todeal(deal) with his will after his death.他让律师在他死后处理他的遗嘱。单句改错(5)dont leave her outside in the rain.单句语法填空1.we should be faithful(faith) to our friends.2.youd better leave him tosolve(solve) the problem by himself.3.he made a quick adaptation(adapt) to the new enviroment.4.i have searched thoroughly(thorough) for the book but couldnt find it.5.an experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various symptoms(symptom).6.only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.7.several facts have told us humans must stop the destruction of the environment in its tracks.8.last summer was the wettest on record.9.common people are prohibited from entering this palace.10.hes on trial for murder.完成句子11.约翰匆忙地冲了出去，门都没有锁。john rushed out in a hurry，leavingthedoorunlocked.12.汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。tom hasbeenplaying the online games for more than twenty hours.13.我们应该给予那些依然过着贫穷生活的人更多的帮助，以使他们至少有足够的钱接受教育。we should give more help to such people whostillliveapoorlife so that they can at least receive education with enough money.14.我们应该信任他，他总是很诚实。we should havefaithin/trust him；he is always honest.15.人们认为政府正计划在六月举行大选。the government isthoughttobeplanning an election in june.课文短文改错one of the earliest epidemic on record happened about 500550 ad when the roman emperor at the time was attempted to rebuild the roman empire.in the 1330s，“the black death” appeared in asia，that spread rapid.years ago，sars breaks out.since then，scientists had been doing trials to prevent it.before sars，the spanish flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.however，since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many than a hundred lives.with all the international effort being made，we have faith which there will be solutions to stop it.答案one of the earliest on record happened about 500550 ad when the roman emperor at the time was to rebuild the roman empire.in the 1330s，“the black death” appeared in asia， spread .years ago，sars out.since then，scientists been doing trials to prevent it.before sars，the spanish flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.however，since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken than a hundred lives.with all the international effort being made，we have faith there will be solutions to stop it.阅读理解a(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中高二验收)people with an impulsive(冲动的) personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first.according to a new study by researchers at the university of georgia，such people may be more likely to have food addiction.the study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior werent necessarily overweight，but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food，and therefore，less healthy weight.food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use.studies have linked the dopamine(多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.impulsive behavior involves several personality traits(特点).two of these traits，known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance，were particularly associated with food addiction and high bmi(身体质量指数)during the study.negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions.some people might drink alcohol or take drugs.for others，it could mean eating to feel better.lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks.people with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior，which could also cause obesity(肥胖).“impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight，” said dr.ashley gearhardt，a clinical psychologist.he was involved in developing the yale food addiction scale in aid of those people.“we are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing，then our measure，the yale food addiction scale，should be related to helping control impulsive action，” said gearhardt.clinical psychologist dr.james mackillop，whose lab was conducting the study，believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.“most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things，which are clearly diet and exercise，” mackillop said.“it seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”语篇解读新的研究表明性格冲动的人很可能有食物成瘾的行为，文中作者介绍了人们对两者之间关系的研究。1.how does the author introduce the two personality traits in paragraph 3?a.by making comparisons and conclusions.b.by explaining causes and effects.c.by presenting questions and answers.d.by giving definitions and examples.答案d解析推理判断题。第三段第三句及第六句分别对negative urgency和lack of perseverance两个概念进行了阐述。而跟在每句后的内容是给出的关于两个概念的例子。所以作者是通过下定义和举例来介绍这两个概念的。故选d。2.what can be inferred about the yale food addiction scale from the text?a.it has been successfully carried out among overweight people.b.it might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.c.it will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.d.it is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.答案b解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，它可以帮助那些性格冲动并且有食物成瘾行为的人减肥。故选b。3.which of the following can be the best title for the text?a.dopamine release caused by food addictionb.food addiction compared to drug usec.impulsive personality linked to food addictiond.food addiction contributing to obesity答案c解析标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“according to a new study by researchers at the university of georgia，such people may be more likely to have food addiction.”可知新的研究表明性格冲动的人很可能有食物成瘾的行为，后面几段是人们对两者之间关系的研究。所以c项与文章内容一致能概括全文，适合作为标题。故选c。b(2018山西临汾五校高二期中联考)people have been acting like peoplein other words，theyve been making tools，creating ceremonies，and sharing foodfor a long time.thats the conclusion of a recent study from south africas southern coast.there，in a cave lying above the sea，researchers from arizona state university have found evidence that humans were behaving in surprisingly complex ways as early as 164,000 years ago.our species，homo sapiens，appeared an estimated 200,000 years ago.the cave held three important clues about the behavior of these stone age people.first，the researchers found the remains of all kinds of shellfish.the people who lived in the cave probably collected these creatures from rocky shores and tide pools and brought them to the cave to eat.the researchers propose the early africans moved to the south african coast between 195,000 and 130,000 years ago.around that time，the climate inland turned relatively cold and dry.therefore，there were fewer plants and animals to eat away from the coast.when these ancient people moved to the coast，they probably experienced a major cultural shift，the researchers suspect.thats because observations of modern hunter-gatherer societies suggest that men are more likely to hunt for big animals when people live inland.on the coast，women play a more important role in providing food by gathering plants and shellfish.as for the second clue，the researchers unearthed 57 pieces of reddish pigment(颜料).the researchers think that the cave habitants used the paint for coloring their bodies or for other ceremonies.symbolic behavior is a clearly human feature.finally，the search discovered over 1,800 stone tools，including well-crafted blades(刀片).these blades came in various sizes.the smallest were just less than a half inch wide.ancient people may have attached these blades to the end of a stick to make spears or other tools.语篇解读本文主要介绍了在南非南部海岸的一个洞穴里所发现的有关古代石器时代的人的行为证据表明：人类自古以来一直就像人一样地生活，即一直制造工具、创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天。4.why did the early africans move to the south african coast according to the text?a.to avoid cold and dry weather.b.to look for enough food to eat.c.to seek the cultural de