高一英语第四讲教案主谓一致.doc

课程标题 主谓一致及unit 4 复习 学习目标 重点与难点 学习过程 一、温故知新 检查定语从句习题并请学生讲解二、课程导学主谓一致一、 语法形式上的一致：根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。二、意义上一致：主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。 名词或名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(1) 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致1.family,team,audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public, army, couple, union, population等集体名词做主语时，作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数。The class _ been organized. The class _ taking notes in English.The population of the earth _ increasing very fast.One third of the population here_ workers.The Smiths _ been moved to New York. The Turners _ sitting at the table.2.有些有生命的集体名词people, police, cattle, oxen作主语，只当复数看待，谓语动词只用复数。 The police _ searching for him. Cattle _ on grass.3. 有些无生命的集体名词（如clothing, jewellery, furniture）作主语时，谓语动词只用单数形式。 The furniture in my room is old.(2) 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1. 常用或只用复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors, stockings, customs, goods等。但主语用a kind of, a pair of, a series of等加名词构成时，谓语一般用单数。如： The goods _to be exported to Canada.This pair of shoes_ ( belong) to Tom. (but : The shoes _ to Tom) 2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如： news，works，means等词 以ics结尾的学科名称physics，politics，economics等词 国名、人名、书名、组织、机构等词例如：The United States a teacher and writer，one and a half等表示整体概念的词组 3下列以-s或-ings结尾的名词，通常作复数看待，谓语动词常用复数；clothes, goods, stairs, contents; surroundings, earnings; 以-s 结尾的群岛，海峡，山脉等名称The contents of the book _ interesting indeed. His clothes were ragged. Our earnings _ to （达到）2000 yuan a month.The Himalayas _ (延伸) along the border of India and China.(3) 表示时间，距离，价格，度量衡，数字算式等复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Fifty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is not enough.Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Five plus/and five_ ten. Ten minus/less six _(leave) four.Ten times four _(make) forty.(4). 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致1用and连接的两个名词作主语： 指同一人或事，谓语动词用单数形式；指不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式。Salt and water _ also a kind of medicine. Egg and rice _ her usual breakfast.The girls teacher and friend _ a young doctor.(a knife and fork, a cart and horse, cheese and wine)The manager and secretary _ present at the meeting.The manager and the secretary _ present at the meeting.Air and water _ very important for humans.Riding and reading_ good exercises.When and where to go _ been decided. 连接两个单数名词，当主语为many a + 名词+and + many a + 名词；no+名词+and +no+名词； every/each +名词+and + every/each+名词 尽管表达的是复数意义，但谓语依然用单数形式。Each boy and each girl _ asked to help.No teacher and no student _ seen the film.2. 当连词or，eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also，notbut等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应遵循“临近一致”的原则。Not only you but also he_ to blame. Either he or you _ wrong.3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like ,but, except, besides,including, as much as, more than, no less than,rather than, in addition to 等短语时，谓语动词应和第一次名词的人称和数保持一致。 He as well as I _(work) very hard. Mrs Smith together with her four children_ going to London for holiday next week. (5) 一些单复数同型的名词如sheep,fish, deer, aircraft, Chinese, Japanese等作主语时，要根据其所在句子的实际意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式，例如；A sheep is over there. Two sheep are missing. Im a Chinese.The Chinese are working hard to make their country richer.One aircraft was brought down by the enemy fire. The aircraft were damaged.(6) more than one + 名词；many a + 名词 ； one and a half + 复数名词 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student has a dictiontary in our class.More than one answer _ correct.One and a half _ (蛋糕) _ left on the plate.注：a + 名词+or two 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数； one or two + 复数名词作主语，谓语常用复数形式。There are one or two things I want to tell you. A word or two is / are needed here.代词作主语的主谓一致问题（1）当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something 等时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Somebody is waiting for you outside. (2) 代词neither, none 修饰复数名词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。None of them _ (have) a car. Neither of them _ (know) the answer.(3)all单独使用指人时，谓语动词常用复数形式，指物时用单数Since all are here, lets begin our class. All that is needed is a supply of food.(4) 定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that 等作主语时，其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。Those who want to go should sign your names here.The girl who / that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.注：one of + 复数名词+定语从句(谓语动词用复数形式)the only /the +复数名词+定语从句(谓语动词用单数形式)He is one of the teachers in our school who knows Japanese.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who knows Japanese.动名词短语，不定式短语或名词性从句作主语的主谓一致问题动名词短语，不定式短语或名词性从句充当句子的主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Smoking is a bad habit. To learn Englishi well is not easy.注：由and连接的不定式短语，动词-ing形式短语或从句作主语时， 其谓语动词主要根据句子的单复数概念而决定用单数还是复数。When and where to hold the meeting _. (还没决定) When to hold the meeting and where to hold it_ two things.What you said just now _completely wrong.What I need _ only several history books.以其他结构作主语的主谓一致问题 1. “the +adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：the poor, the rich, the deaf, the brave, the dead, the old, the young, the sick, the wise, the living, the unemployed, the injured, the strong, the wounded, the learned等。The old are well looked after by the government. The wounded have been taken to the hospital.如果它指一个人或抽象概念时， 如the good/ new/ difficult/ known 等，谓语动词常用单数形式。The new is sure to replace the old. The dead ws his father, who left him nothing.2. There be 句型中，如果主语不只一个，谓语动词根据临近一致原则，常和邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致， 以Here开头的句子也是如此。 There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. Here is a book and a pencil for you.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “a lot of, plenty of+名词”的短语，all of, some of, half of, the rest of以及“分数，百分数名词”的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据短语中的名词的数来决定。Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Half of the students are boys.About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.Three-fourths of the people present are against the plan.4. a number of + 复数名词作主语时， 表示“许多，大量” 谓语动词常用复数形式 The number of + 复数名词作主语, 表示“。的数量” 谓语动词常用单数形式。 Population 作主语， 当它作“人口”讲时，谓语常用单数形式；当它作“人们”讲时， 谓语动词常用复数形式，另外，当分数，百分比数修饰population 作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 A number of students in our school come from countryside.The number of the students in our class is 55. The population of China is very large.Two third of Chinese population are farmers. 典型例题Ex.1 Correct the following sentences: 1The committee has given sound reasons for the changes of plans, so we should support their decision.2. The United Nations were founded in 1945. 3. The girl and winner are jumping with joy.4. Each boy and each girl were invited. 5. The girl together the boys have learned to drive a car.6. All I know are that his father joined the revolution in Yanan.7. This kind of apples are highly priced.8. The first two of the five questions on the test paper were very difficult, the rest was easy.9. Planting young trees need watering. 10. The Wangs lives on eighty yuan a month. 动手试试三、总结提升 学习小结 学习评价 自我评价 你完成本节学案的情况为（ ）.A. 很好 B. 较好 C. 一般 D. 较差 当堂检测（时量：5分钟 满分：10分）计分：Ex. II. Multiple choices1The shoes _ mineThat pair of shoes _ my sisters Aare, is Bis，isCare, are Dis，are2. A professor and a writer _ present at the meeting Ahad been Bwere Cis Dwas3The engineer and manager referred to _ to design something Abe going Bare going Cbe likely Dis going4Apples of this kind _Atastes good Btastes well Ctaste good Dtaste well5Every means _ tried，but in vain Ahave been Bhas been Care Dis6The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview Ais Bare Cwas Dwere7.I know that all _ getting on well with herAwere Bare Cis Dwas8There _ a knife and fork on the table。Aare Bis seeming to be Cseem to be Dseems to be9Ten thousand dollars _ a large sum of moneyAseem Bwere Cis Dare10. There are two roads and either _to the railway station Ais leading Bare leading Clead D1eads11Twenty miles _ a long way to cover Aseem to be Bis Care Dwere12The questions put forward by the students _ very important. Ais Bare Cshall be Dwas 13Between the two buildings _ our libraryAis standing Bstanding Cstand Dstands14The United Nations _ in 1945. Awas found Bwas founded Cwere founded Dwere found15_ were also invited to the party ASmiths BThe Smiths CThe Smith DMrSmith16Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe17Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to the gifted students Ais handing out Bare to hand out Care handing out Dis to hand out18On the wall _ two large portraits. Ahangs Bhang Changed Dhanging19. Not only the workers but also the machine _ not there Ahas Bwere Care Dis20Neither he nor I _ for the plan Awere Bis Care Dam21The rest of the novel _ very interesting Ais Bseem Care Dwere22John or his father _ to go to the airport to meet you tomorrow.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 23The old _ taken good care of in our country Ais Bhas Care Dhave24The number of teachers in our school _ greatly increased this termA number of teachers in this school _ from the countrysideAis；is Bis；are Care；are Dare；is25His Selected Poems _ first published in 1989 Awere Bwas Chas been Dis26The boy sitting by the river is the only one of the students who _ from the city in our school Awas Bwere Cis Dare 27. The students in our class each _ an English dictionary Aare having Bhad Chas Dhave28Those who _ singing may join us Ais fond of Benjoy C1ikes Dare liking29There _ some plates and a knife on the table Ais Bis seeming to be Cseems to be Dseem；to be 30The furniture for sale _ writing desks and dressing tables Ainclude Bincludes Cis included Dincluding31I，who _ your friend，will share your joys and sorrows Awas Bare Cis Dam32Toms teacher and friend _ MrSmithAhas Bare being Cis Dare33As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the landAnumber；has Bquantity；has Cnumber；have Dquantity；have34Now，a large number of women，especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industryAis working Bworks Cwork Dworked 35It is he，not you， _ rightAwho are Bwho is Cwhom is Dthat are36E-mail，as well as telephones，_ an important part in daily communicationAis playing Bhave played Care playing Dplay37Chinese _ not so difficult to learnThe Chinese people _ brave and hard working Ais；is Bare；is Cis；are Dare；are38Little _ done to prevent the air from being pollutedMuch _ done to fight against pollution Ahas been；have been B. have；has Chas been；has been Dhave been；have been 39Do you know the singer and dancer who _ standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands，the largest of which _ Taiwan. Ais；are Bis；is Care； is Dare；are40Her clothes _ nearly worn outHis physics _ weaker than others Ais；is Bare；is Cis；are Dare；are 课后作业 1. 必修I Unit4语言知识精讲（二）11. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. 数十万的人得到了援助。(P26) thousands of 成千上万的 The oil spill endangered thousands of birds. 石油的泄漏危及到成千上万的鸟儿。12. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。 (P26)dig out 发现，挖掘More than ten people were dug out of the coal mine .十多个被埋在煤矿里的人被挖掘出来了。Why did you dig out these old books?13. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者们盖起了避难所。（P26）shelter (n) 作不可数名词表居所；住处Human beings need food, clothing and shelter.人类有衣、食、住的需求作不可数名词还可表遮蔽；庇护；避难take shelter from the wind/rain/weather躲避风/雨/恶劣天气作可数名词表庇护处；收容所shelter(vt) 保护；掩蔽 Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风14. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑出田地找地方躲藏。 (P26)Looking for 此处为现在分词做伴随状语He worked into the night preparing a report for his boss.他工作到深夜为老板准备一份报告Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.许多人到主题公园寻找刺激和娱乐。15. A great number of people died. 大量的人死亡。(P26)英语中表示许多的表达：a large/great/good number of, a great/good many, a good few/quite a few修饰可数名词的复数many a修饰单数可数名词，作主语谓语动词用单数a great/good deal of , a great/large amount of , quite a little修饰不可数名词a lot of/lots of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, plenty of 既可修饰可数，也可以修饰不可数名词。16. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more 400000.伤亡人数超过了40万。 (P26) the number of 与 a number of 用法区别:the number of 意为。的数目，后接可数名词的复数。当它做主语时谓语动词用单数。a number of 意思为“许多”相当于many,后接可数名词复数，做主语时谓语动词用复数。A number of buildings were burnt down in the big fire .在这场大火中，许多房屋被烧毁。The number of students in our class is 67.我们班的学生人数为67人。17. give out (P28)vi 用完；耗尽After a month their food supplies gave out. 一个月以后他们的食物储备殆尽。His patience finally gave out. 他最终忍无可忍了。give sth out 分发；散发The teacher gave out the exam paper. 老师分发了考试试卷。发出；放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。相关词组：give up 放弃 give in 屈服；让步 give away 分发；赠送；泄露18. It was a frightening night. 这是一个骇人的夜晚。（P28） frighten (vt) 使惊吓；使惊恐The sudden noise frightened us. 那突如其来的噪音吓了我们一跳