Unit 3 Amazing people（讲练）教学设计.doc

Unit 3 Amazing people（讲练）教学设计一、过去完成时的形式及用法过去完成时的形式为had done。其用法如下：1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”,可图示为：这个过去的某一时间可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可通过上下文来表示。到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here, the film had already started.我到广州时,他在那里已经很长时间了。When I came to Guangzhou, he had been there for a long time.注意：在before, after, as soon as等引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间先后,所以可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完,许多人就起身回家了。【高考典例】(2014北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started答案D解析 句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上趟，因为我到的时候，它就开始了，根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始的，而句中我到达使用了arrived，而报告是在这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时 故D 正确2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用当公交车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.他说自从1979年以来他就在那家工厂工作。He said he had worked in that factory since 1979.二、常使用过去完成时的情况1.在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.【高考典例】(2014浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: She had the impression that she _ most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see答案B解析 句意：索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔，她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。 根据句意可知她见过这么多的客人是在她拥有这个印象之前发生的事情，此处see 的动作发生在过去的过去，同时由题眼before 可知，该空应该用过去完成时态 故选B项2.过去完成时用于宾语从句：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时,从句要用过去完成时。那位老人说她当过30年的教师。The old woman said she had been a teacher for thirty years.【高考典例】(2011江西卷)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _into the office during the night.A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking答案B解析 句意：早晨我们来上班，结果发现有人晚上来过办公室，空格处的动作发生在found之前，故用过去完成时选B3.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。我已归还了我借的书。I returned the book that I had borrowed.她丢失的钥匙找到了。She found the key that she had lost.【高考典例】 (2014陕西卷)During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _,A. would recommend B. had recommended C. have recommended D. were recommending答案B解析 句意：jerry 在西安期间，他尝试了他朋友向他推荐的几乎所有的事物。根据句意可知他的朋友们向他推荐食物是在他尝试的食物之前，句中已经使用了tried，所以推荐使用过去完成时 故B项正确4.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。我本来要去机场接你的,可正好在我出门时有人来看我。I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.我本打算借给你一些钱的,但你没问我。I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didnt ask.5.过去完成时常用于下列固定句式。(1)用在hardly/scarcely .when .和no sooner .than .句型中,主句要用过去完成时。他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚到就又走了。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. (2)在“It was the first (second, third .) time that .”句型中,that从句要用过去完成时。这是他第一次到中国来。It was the first time that he had come to China.三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别1.过去完成时表示动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示动作发生在“过去”。他忽然想起来他没锁门。He suddenly remembered that he hadnt locked the door.【高考典例】(2014福建卷)Havent seen you for ages！ Where have you been？ I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying答案A解析 句意： 很久没有看见你了！你到哪里去了？ 我去了宁夏，并在那里待了一年时间，作为志愿者在那里教书。本句只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年，没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响，而且也没有持续到现在，因为我已经回来了，所以不需要使用完成时，使用一般过去时陈述事实即可 故A正确2.叙述几个连续的动作用法不同。(1)在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作,并按时间顺序叙述时,用一般过去时。她天黑后不久动身,一小时后到家。She set out soon after dark and arrived home one hour later.我买了一部收音机,但丢了。I bought a radio but lost it. (2)如果两个先后发生的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时,为明确动作发生的先后顺序,先发生的动作用过去完成时。农民们兴高采烈,因为他们又有了一次好收成。The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another good harvest.四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起,让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在结束)随堂练习单项填空1.How do you find the end of the film last night？ I dont find it surprising. Because I _ the novel of the same name before I saw the film. A. read B. have readC. had read D. was reading答案C解析 句意：“你觉得昨天晚上看的那部电影的结局怎么样？” “我并不觉得这个结局令人吃惊，因为我在看电影之前已经看了同名小说。”看小说的动作发生在看电影的动作之前，故此处应用过去完成时态2. I _ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldnt get away.A. was planning B. plannedC. had planned D. would plan答案C解析 句意：由后一分句的called可知应用had planned to do sth 表示“（过去）本打算做某事”， C项符合题意3. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seenC. sees D. had seen答案D解析 句意：他一直看着她，想知道他是否在哪里见过她。“一直看她”发生在过去，“见过她”发生在“看她”这一动作之前，所以用过去完成时4. You _ your turn so youll have to wait.A. will miss B. have missedC. are missing D. had missed答案B解析 句意：你已经错过了机会，所以你只能等。过去发生的动作（miss）对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时5. I met Tom last month.Really？Yes. We _ each other since we graduated from college.A. havent met B. hadnt metC. wouldnt meet D. didnt meet答案B解析 语境是指从大学毕业到上个月，他们是第一次见面，所以用过去完成时态6. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _ before.A. hasnt flown B. didnt flyC. hadnt flownD. wasnt flying答案C解析 句意：在飞机上，坐在我旁边的女孩很紧张，以前她没坐过飞机。“没坐过飞机”这一动作发生在“was very nervous”之前，因此用过去完成时7. My mother asked me to fetch the books we _ from the bookstore.A. were ordered B. had orderedC. ordered D. had ordered答案B解析 订购书的动作发生在asked之前，故用过去完成时8. He _ the Louvre Museum regularly when he was in Paris.A. was visiting B. visitedC. has visited D. had visited答案B解析 根据“when he was in Paris”可知，visit 的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时态9. That dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A. would have B. have hadC. had