北师大版高二选修8教案： Unit 22 Grammar.doc

转述结构【归纳】英语中常用下列动词及结构来转述某人所说的话。结构动词例句v. + (that)add, admit, agree, announce, believe, boast, claim, complain, declare, deny, explain, insist, promise, recommend, remind, suggest, warn, . they admit (that) they still have a lot to learn. judy complained (that) she never had any time to herself.v. + sb. + thatwarn, remind, . the man warned us that we should leave here before dark. jill rang lee and reminded him that the conference had been cancelled.v. + if / whetherinquire, . richie inquired whether there had been any messages for him.v. + to do sth.offer, agree, decide, promise, refuse, threaten, . the kids offered to do the dishes.the man decided to stay and see what would happen. carl refused to give us any information.v. + sb. + to do sth.advise, beg, order, encourage, invite, promise, remind, warn, .the doctor advised patrick to take a complete rest.banks actively encourage people to borrow money.they invited sam to give a talk at the conference.v. + “-ing” formadmit, deny, recommend, suggest, . helen denied knowing anything about it.we strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police.v. + (sb.) + prep. + “-ing” formaccuse, apologise, blame, congratulate, . howard apologised for not arriving on time. his boss blamed him for missing the train.【即学即练】按照所给示例，用括号内的词改写下列句子。example: lucy said, “lets go to london.” (suggest)lucy suggested going to london.lucy suggested that we go to london.1. albert said, “im ready to go.” (announce) albert _.2. sandra said, “if i were you, id meet him the following monday.” (advise) sandra _ him the following monday. 3. “it was me. i ate the hamburger,” roy said. (admit)roy _ the hamburger.roy _ the hamburger.4. “it was you who broke promises, martha, wasnt it?” george said angrily. (accuse)george _.5. my father said, “let me take you to the airport.” (offer)my father _ to the airport. 6. “would you like to sit near the window?” the waiter said. (inquire)the waiter _ near the window.7. tony said, “be careful, simon. the plant is very dangerous.” (warn)tony _.8. ella said, “remember to buy a bottle of milk this afternoon, ann.” (remind)ella _ a bottle of milk that afternoon.答案【即学即练】1. announced that he was ready to go2. advised me to meet3. admitted eating; admitted that he had eaten4. accused martha of breaking promises5. offered to take us6. inquired whether we would like to sit7. warned simon that the plant was very dangerous8. reminded ann to buy动词形式及不定式的被动形式我们已经学习了各种时态的被动形式，本期我们将重点学习不定式及动词-ing形式的被动形式。i. 动词-ing形式的被动形式1. 构成形式： 一般式的被动形式：being done 完成式的被动形式：having been done2. 用法：当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是其所表示动作的承受者时，用动词-ing形式的被动形式。一般式的被动形式强调正在进行的被动动作；而完成式的被动形式则强调被动动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已完成。如：the house being built is a big project.they admitted to having been influenced by his ideas.3. 充当的成分： 作主语。如：being offered such a good job was quite lucky. 作宾语。常跟在介词或后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词后，如mind, hate, avoid, miss, imagine, admit, risk, stand等。如：roy was far from being satisfied.dennis hates being laughed at. 作宾语补足语。表示一个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作发生的同时正在被进行。它一般跟在表示感官或心理状态的谓语动词之后，如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, look at, listen to, find等。如：when he got to the meeting room, he heard his plan being discussed. 作定语。如：they asked me if i knew the man being operated on. 作状语。如：being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe.having been praised by his teacher in class, he felt very happy.【拓展】在need, want, require和be worth等词的后面，常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表达被动意义。如：the scientists designed a shirt that never needs washing. the idea is well worth considering. ii. 动词不定式的被动形式1. 构成形式： 一般式的被动形式：to be done 完成式的被动形式：to have been done2. 用法：当不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示动作的承受者时，用不定式的被动形式。一般式的被动形式所表示的被动动作通常尚未发生；而完成式的被动形式所表示的被动动作通常已完成。如：mr. white asked to be sent to tibet.the machine seems to have been damaged.3. 充当的成分： 作主语。如：to be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 作表语。如：they appeared to be satisfied with the result. 作宾语。如：he begged to be forgiven. 作宾语补足语。如：they didnt wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter. 作定语。如：she was invited to a garden party to be held that night.the machine is the first of its kind to have been used here. 作状语。如：they were sent there to be trained for the space flight.【拓展】在下列情况中，通常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义： 当不定式在句中作定语时，如果其所修饰的词是不定式动作的承受者，句中的主语是不定式动作的执行者，这时动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：i have three letters to write this morning. 当不定式在句中作定语时，如果句中的间接宾语是不定式动作的执行者，直接宾语是不定式动作的承受者，这时动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：will you lend me a book to read? 在there be句型中，当不定式作定语时，如果其所修饰的词和不定式有动宾关系，且不定式的动作由讲话人去执行，通常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：there is a lot of work to do. 当动词不定式带有自己的逻辑主语时。如：this will be the best thing for us to do.【即学即练】用括号内所给动词的不定式或动词-ing形式的被动形式填空。1. they want _ (keep) in touch with our laboratory. 2. we insist on them _ (punish). 3. dont worry. no harm seems _