寿阳地区初中生英语发音典型错误分析及纠错对策.doc

寿阳地区初中生英语发音典型错误分析及纠错对策 -羊头崖中学为例寿阳地区初中生英语发音典型错误分析及纠错对策 -羊头崖中学为例 学生姓名：任夏青 指导教师：陈芳芳摘要：随着我国的教育在英语教学领域的改革与发展，学生们英语的听说读写能力越来越受到重视，而学生的发音对学生听说读能力的提高起着至关重要的作用，是学生学好英语的根本前提与保障。而在教育欠发达地区，英语语音的教学尤其是一大难题。笔者在寿阳羊头崖支教的过程中注意到，本地区学生英语语音方面的问题较为严重。本论文以提高英语发音为目标，采用对比分析，错误分析等二语习得理论，对寿阳地区初中生英语发音的问题进行分析并提出一些相关建议，从而纠正学生的发音错误，找回他们对英语学习的信心。关键词：英语语音，对比分析，错误分析Acknowledges First and foremost, I would like to express my heartful gratitude to my supervisor, tutor Chen, both for her intelligent guidance and her warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis.besides, I also thanks to all teachers in Foreign Language Department, whose interesting and informative course have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I also grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and courage during University throughout the process of writing this thesis.Last but not least,big thanks to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations and my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.The Typical Error Analysis and Correction Strategies of Englisg Pronunciation in Junior Middle School in Shouyang -Take Yangtouya Middle School as Case study Authors Name:Ren Xiaqing Tutor:Chen FangfangAbstract:As the reformation and development of Chinas education in English teaching, we pay more attention to cultivate students ability of listening and speaking, which made us think highly of the fundamental ability to learn well-especially students speaking.English phonetic teaching problem seems more serious in underdeveloped education area. The author on the experience of teaching in Yangtouya Middle School found that students here have a big problem in English pronunciation.This paper takes the English pronunciation as a target to analyze the pronunciations errors committed by junior middle school learners in Shouyang area with the help of the theory of second language acquisition theory,such as Contrastive analysis and Error analysis, after this, the paper analyzes errors in detail to help students acquire better pronunciation of English and regain their confidence in English learning. This paper will take the Grade eight of Yangtouya middle school of Shouyang county as the example.There are 20 students in this class . And the author have an experience of a volunteer,using the record and questionaire,thus conclude the typical pronunciation errors of this district. Keywords:English pronunciation, contrastive analysis, error analysis 寿阳地区初中生英语发音典型错误分析 -以羊头崖中学为例摘要：随着中国教育在英语上的改进与发展，我们更多的培养学生听和读的能力，这使我们高度认为基本能力的重要性尤其是说的能力。英语语音教学问题似乎在不发达地区更为严重。作者者在羊头崖中学的经历发现学生在英语发音上有很大的问题。本论文以英语发音为目标来分析寿阳初中英语学生的发音错误，借助二语习得理论，比如对比分析和错误分析，之后，论文详细的分析了一些错误来帮助学生获得更好的英语发音和重建他们在英语学习方面的自信心。 本论文以寿阳县羊头崖中学八年级为例，该班有20名学生, 通过作者在此支教一个学期的经历，用音频和问卷调查的方法，分析得出的该地区的典型的发音错误。 ContentsAcknowledgementsAbstract in english Abstract in chinese IntroductionLiterature review2.1 The introduction of theory 2.2 Research trend at home and abord Research Methodology 3.1 Research purpose 3.2 Research Object 3.3 Test methodology 3.4 Experimental process3.4.1 data processing3.4.2 data analyzing Experimental Results and Analysis 4.1 Experimental results 4.2 Analysis of the results4.2.1 English pronunciation errors4.2.2 English stress errors4.2.3 English intonation errors 4.2.4 English group errors ConclusionBibliographyIntroduction In learning a language, especially a foreign language,good pronunciation is necessary.According to A.C.Gimson,”to speak any language a person must know nearly 100% of its phonetics. While only 50-90% of its grammar and 1% of its vocabulary may be sufficient”(Gimson,1972).Kelly points out that”since ancient time language teaching has attempted to deal with the problems which related to language pronunciation intuitively or by an systematical approach, and this broad quality of pronunciation teaching method is still the main stream today”(Kelly,1976). He Shanfen also points out that speech sound is the material form on which word and grammar rely on for existence. Apart from speech sound, word and grammar are difficult to exist(He,1992).Phonetics play an important part in foreign language learning. Since each language holds its typical phonetic system in which its typical rules of pronunciation exist and different language have sounds that are different in not only quality but also quantity.Foreign language learners are often confused by huge phonetic system of language during learning a foreign language.A large number of studies concerning about phonetics and a great amount of foreign language teaching practice show that almost every foreign language learner tend to be influenced by the habits of native language-speaking during learning a foreign language.Gui Cankun(1978) has pointed out,”we have formed a serious of habits of speaking the native language or the local dialect since we were children, and as a result we can use them automaticaliy and unconsciously. When we are trying to learn a new language,a serious of new habits should be formed. Since the habits of native language-speaking are fixed because of the constant practice of daily life and the experience that can be used to adapt to the habits of a new language-speaking is in lack, we tend to pronounce the new language by turning to our habits of native language-speaking. Chinese and English are two different kinds of languages which have different phonetic speech system,especially shouyang dialect.In this area, people communicate with each other by the local dialect in their daily life, even in schools, both the teachers and students use the local dialect to communicate with each other. So, the influence of local dialect to the learning of foreign language is magnificient.Besides, because of the limitations of local area, students usually do not receive systemic instruction on the English phonetics at the beginning of learning English.As a consequence, students pronunciation of English are poor and need to improve. Shouyang is located in the north of Jinzhong district,and because of its mountainous geographical position and its under-developed traffic for a long period,the dialect here called Jin dialect.Since the dialect is the most frequently used language, it is necessary to study the influence of Shouyang dialect by local students.Literature review In this part, it will describe the relevant theories and research trend at home and abroad.2.1 The introduction of theory The learning of English is a process of Second Language Acquisition.Chinese scholars work over phonology,lexicon,syntax and content by the contrastive analysis of first language and second language.Contrastive Analysis is populared in 50to60s in 20century.the bais is structural linguistics. Accoring to Sridhar(1981), language is constituted by a serious of subsystems, and one language structure is coeerspongding to another language. Each language is our tool of commuincation, and is a system of phonetics and meaning.And this analysis is based on the language transfer.The constrative analysis between languages can help people realize the differences and similarities.Li tingxiang points out that:”What are the similarities betwwen English and chinese phonetics,that is almost of our teachers are known.The contrastive knowledge between English and Chinese can help teachers forecast the importances according to the differences.So teachers can take some related measures in teaching and improve the teaching quality”.There is the mutual interference between English and Chinese phonetics.So if we compare two languages in phone,phoneme and syllable,and in this case to help the study of English phonetics. Another theory is error analysis.error analysis in the old times is collecting the errors and analyse according to the point of linguistic view. The aim of error analysis is that we can arrange our teaching material and new lessons.to 50s in this century,when contrastive is prevailing, however, error analysis is in bad condition.until to 60s ,error analysis is gradually attached importance to people.people consider that :error analysis can help to learn a second language and the research of interlanguage. 2.2 Research trend at home and abord In linguistics across culture, Robert Lado(1957) claims that we can predict difficulties that learners might encounter in their foreign language learning situation by comparing the learners native language and the language being learning. A contrastive analysis between English and Chinese phonetic systems by Gui Cankun contains a detailed analysis on phonemes,tone, intonation, stress and cohesion between English and Chinese (Gui,1988;113-116). Then , A contrast between Chinese and English phonetic systems which published Liu Naihua is a further study based on Gui Cankuns research(Liu,1988:14-18). He Shanfen does a multianalysis on both English and Chinese phonetic systems:the function of English suprasegmental phonemes in distinguishing meaning of words make an analysis on English phonetics from the supresegmental aspect(He,1999:911):An analysis on syllables in English and Chinese, is mainly about an analysis on syllable structure(He,1997:4548);How does the speech sound change is mainly about the research on the speech sound changing phenomenon in English and Chinese.(He,199:14-18) Research Methodology In this part, the author will describe the specific research purpose,research object and research methodology and process.1. research purpose English as an international language,and it is used by all of the people in the world.however, accurate pronunciation in English is a big problem in middle schools, especially in local areas.so the purposes of research are mainly as follows: First of all, for the English learners in Shouyang,they can learn about the problem about the English pronunciation they caused.By findings of research ,they can acquire which aspect they pronounce inaccurate and have a better understanding of English pronunciation. Secondly , for the English learners in Shouyang ,one thing they can learn about similarities and differences of sound system between Shouyang dialect and English in a systematical way and then it is helpful for them to give a detailed comparison and contrast between these two different sound system., so that students will learn the basic theoretical knowledge well.besides, students can learn about errors in English pronunciation and overcome these shortcomings. Last,although it is a big problem in the current study, relevant essays and research is rare,so the present research is focused on the study of English pronunciation and hopefully help students have a benefit among this.3.2 Research Subject The essay is mainly concentrated on the students of eight classes in Yangtouya middle school.And all of these students are native speakers. Shouyang dialect is their mother language,meanwhile,it is also the only language in their daily communication. And the class eight consist of 20students, although students have different speaking English levels,the mother tongue and their pronunciation errors are generally similar.3.3 Test methodology In this part,it mainly describes the test methodology and the based principles. Questionnaire investigation and tape recording are main research methods.(1) questionnaire:this method intends to find the current situations of local students pronunciations.It contains 10questions.Question 1 to 8 in order to find the answers of questions below:the students current standard of phonetics,the interest of learning English phonetics, the English pronunciation of him or herself and their teachers,the influence of dialect to English learning, the similarity and differences of English and Chinese, and etc.However,question 9and 10 intend to investigate the students current English knowledge about English pronunciation.before question the author of essay have a detailed analysis of English phonetic studies.After a systematical analyzing,the author list the questionnaire investigation,which have a great reliability. (2) Tape recording:the material for tape recording consists of rour parts ,and the aims is to record the pronunciation of speakers and find out the errors in it.the part 1:phonetic symbols;part 2:words;part3:a dialogue;part4:a passage.Phonetic symbols in part 1 contains whole phonemes in English,part 2 emphasis on the phonetic symbols within a word,all the words are selected from the English book, and each adjacent word are associated with another.part 1 and part 2 intends to examine whether the speakers can pronounce correctly and accurately.part 3 is a short dialogue which aims to examine local students stress, tone and intonation in English pronunciation. Part 4 is a short passage selected from the contemporary English, book one.part 3 and part 4 examine the speakers competence of speaking a long sentences or passage.In this case, author can listen and find out the specific errors in local pronunciation. 3.4 Experimental process This part mainly explains the specific process in conducting the experiment.It mainly includes two part:data processing and data analyzing.3.4.1 data processing Each students needs almost six to eight minutes to do the tape recording ,and the about 2 minutes to fill up in questionnaire.And 20 students in total, so it will take about 200 minutes to complete the task.And thanks to the students corporation, the tape recording goes very well.Under the guidance of Contrastive Analysis and Error analysis and Second Language Acquisition,the author of essay intends to do a detailed analysis to find the similarities and differences of phonetic system based on the English,Chinese Putonghua and Shouyang dialect.And according to these data ,we can conclude that the influences of Shouyang dialect to the study of English.The specific steps are as fellows:1. the author(As a English teacher in Yangtouya in a semester ) distribute the assignment to each student,two person a group.when one students read the material given in the tape recording, another students is asked to record the pronunciation in Mp3 or cellphone or other else.2. Then exchange the assignment, and another students read, while one students records the pronunciation.3. After finishing this tasks, teachers then give students a questionnaire paper, every students has one paper. And students must fill in it about 2 minutes,do not cost too much time to consider the answers, just their first impression answer in their mind.4. Finishing this tasks,teachers asks the monitor to collect the statistics.3.4.2 data analyzingBy data collecting and processing , the author mainly have a brief understanding about the result of the statistics.(1)questionnaire investigation This questionnaire has total 10questions ,and each question involves the English phonetic knowledge.the answer of question one is common,that 12students answered they have studied systematical English phonemes, accounts for 60 percent.Whereas 8students claim that they have studied the phonemes systematically.the second question is attached the importance of English learning,most students choose the answer of B,that is,they neither like English phonetic study very much ,nor they dislike very much, and the rest 6 students think it is very important to study English phonemes well,the rest 4students do not care about it.The third and fourth question is also a question about English Phonemes. And about 70 percent students have a mind clear about the interests of learning English phonemes,rest 30 percents do not have clear intuition.the fifith question is about their teachers, and most people think their also pronounce inaccurate ,only 2 students worship their teachers pronunciation, which accounts 10 percents.question 6 to eight is concerned about the putonghua or dialect to the study of second language.the answers are similar, about 60 percents think that the mother tongue have an effect of learning second language.the last two questions are actual using of English phonemes.only 30 percents can read the words confidently and accurately.(2) tape recording As for tape recording,the first part is all phonemes ,including vowels and consonants.English phonemes has 20vowels,and 28 consonants,after listening all the tapes students have read,the basic phonemes are clear.the second part is the contrastive words in phonemes,the word bid and bed have different vowels iand e,word bet and bat have different vowelseand,word luck and lack have different vowelsand,and the first group are on the basis of this to arrange words.students reading this groups do not have clear distinguish from these two similar word, such as words bit and beat,bun and barn ,hut and heart and so on.the second group intend to arrange words according to the words in similar consonants,such as pin and bin,in consonantpand b,words tie and die in tand d,and words sip and zip in consonantsand z,students can generally distinguish this group,but do not have a clear mind of how to read these two consonants.and the third group is and mix of these two groups.after listening this, the author can realize the specific error in pronouncing vowels and consonants.The next part is a set of sentences, and the key point is the stress of sentences.After listening the speakers re