跨文化交际结课论文 英语.doc

跨文化商务交际结课论文题 目：The Time Difference in Intercultural Communication 作 者： 侯有森 学 号： 201317718 院 系； 外国语学院 专 业： 英语系 The Time Difference in Intercultural CommunicationAbstract：Time as a silent language and a necessary component of culture, plays a very important role in our daily life.The cultural dufference leads to the time value difference and as a result,the time differences influence the communications among people in different cultures.So it is meaningful and significant to study the time value difference of people in different culture. Key Wards：intercultural communication；time values；time nation；integrate Because of the social practice，ways of thinking and understanding and time of people from different cultures are different. That is to say, time ,as an objective existence，has different forms of reflection in different culturesTime view is seen as a part of cultural deed structure，which affects peoples perception of the world，controls their judgment and determines the ways of behaviorsThe vagueness and exactness Of Chinese and western cu1ture usually lead to conflicts and misunderstanding when peop1e interact with each OtherThe Chinese use time Very casually and tangiblyThe Chinese prefer to say some uncertain words 1ike “at Once”，“sometimes”，“a short while”，which a1ways contrary to the westernersWesterners prefer a correct ang clear time.Though time is a cognitive concept shared by the human society，because the social practice of people from different cultures and their different historical and geographical environments，people may differ in the meanings they give to time and the way they make use of time.Therefore，when people from different cultures carry out communication, time, as an invisible guide, will has a great effect on peoples words and deeds，which prevents communication from realizing its intended purpose.We try to discuss the difference between time values and time behaviors of Chinese cultures and Western cultures so as to analyze their impacts on the cultural communicationDifferent peoples in the worId，because Of their different geographica1 environments，history and traditions，their understandings and attitudes towards time are different，which ref1ect specifically On the habits Of timing and using timeAmerican cultural experts divided the using Of time in different cultures into two areas：One is monochromic time system and the other is polychromic time system(Hall，l 982，p1 6)The former emphasizes schedule and punctualityAnd subscription and punctuality are the customs of itMany industrialized society.adopt monochromic time systemThey plan time very carefully，arrange One thing in a period of time，not easily alter the schedule and stress efficiencyThe latter is very casual in timing and using timeBooking are regarded as nothing seriousBeing punctual is important but not strictMany Asian，Latin American，Arabic and African countries beIong to the IatterPoIychromic time system is the heritage of traditional agriculturaI societyTheir people are used to doing severa1 different things at the same time and do things stressing ripe conditionsThe Chinese think that everything in the wor1d develops with the cyc1ing Of time，so people stress ripe conditions when workThat is to say，each step Of our action is determined temporarily by our surroundingsSo the Chinese action is poorly planned，very tangible but inefficientThe Chinese hardly subscribe in advance in the social activityFriends and relatives can Visit each other at any time and placeIn some occasions，peopIe can chat，read newspaper and work at the same timeThe Chinese can go on with One thing next day that has not been finished 1ast dayThe Chinese salesmen can check Out with the first customer on the one hand，and show the goods to a second one on the other hand，even greet a third One at the same timeHowever，the westerns can hardly accomplish them and also cannot accept them The westerns are accustomed to doing only one thing in a specific unit timeSo，calendar，schedule，diary，annual and accounting ledger p1ay a very important ro1e in the western wor1dAmericans are strongly controlled by times iron handThey even claim themselves to be“slave to nothing but the clock”：They always feel that time are “ticking in their inner heart. There is a saying“Time is everything Hall(1 982，p20)has said：“In the western world，nobody can escape from the control Of Oneway times iron handIn fact，social and commercial life even sexual lives are all under times control. Time weave the net Of peoples life totalIyIn crosscultural commercia1 activities，the westerners do things strictly in accordance with time table，while the Chinese stress interpersonal relationships harmony and ripe conditions Of thingsdevelopment，not allowing the time table to interfereSo the trade of these two sides always fails because Of deadline.With the coming of the new century，the world is changing all the time，and the competition is more acuteTo any nation，looking back is uselessIt can only move forwards The power of age，experience and teacher in Chinese culture begin to be challengedWhen people take their past and history correctly，they are hurrying to make plans and aims for their life at the same timeIn the 2lst century，the life and futureoriented time conception that based on nationality，practicality and efficiency are gradual1y accepted by people from different cultureHowever，because time views of different society are factors of respective cu1tures，their bia