第5 形容词和副词.doc

第5讲 形容词和副词形容词一般在句子中充当定语、表语、补语，有时也充当状语；副词在句子中充当状语修饰动词、形容词、副词、词组和句子，还可充当表语和补语。v 初高中衔接相关知识形容词和副词是中学英语学习中的一个重要组成部分，在初中只要熟练掌握形容词与副词的区别以及形容词、副词的比较级和最高级即可。而在高中除此之外，还应掌握两个以上形容词作定语时的排列顺序，考查方式主要是选择题。【名师点睛】形容词的用法1、 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）2、形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3、用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 4、 the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.5、当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一般排列顺序。“限定词 一般描绘性形容词 表示大小、长短、高低的形容词 表示形状的形容词 表示年龄、新旧的形容词 表示颜色的形容词 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词 表示物质、材料的形容词 表示用途、类别的形容词 被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table当然，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。副词的用法1、 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 2、副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1) 时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?3、副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.4、部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.5、兼有两种形式的副词1）. close, closelyclose“近”；closely“仔细地”。如：He is sitting close to me. / Watch him closely.2）. late, latelylate“晚”；lately“最近”。如：You have come too late. / What have you been doing lately?3）. free, freelyfree“免费”；freely“无限制地，自由地”。如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. / You may speak freely; say what you like.4）. deep, deeplydeep“深”，表示空间深度；deeply“深深地”，常表示感情上的深度。如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. / Even father was deeply moved by the film. 类似的词还有high与highly（high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much，如：The plane was flying high. / I think highly of your opinion.）以及wide与widely（wide表示空间宽度；widely“广泛地”，“在许多地方”，如：He opened the door wide. / English is widely used in the world.）形容词和副词的比较等级1、 as + 形容词/副词原级 + as ,和一样; not as/so as ,和不一样.He is as tall as his father.He doesntt study as so hard as his brother. 特殊用法: 1.) 在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+as”：Youve made as many mistakes as I have. I havent got as much money as I thought. 2.) 其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)：She is as good a cook as her mother. 也可说：She is a cook as good as her mother.2、 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.3、 most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 4、the+形容词比较级+of the two.表示两者间“较的一个”如:Which is the better of the two pianos?Who is the elder of the two brothers?5、“The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示“越. 就越.”。 The more you study, the more you know. 6、 “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越.”。 Its getting hotter and hotter. 7、 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 8、 the + 形容词，表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 9、 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.10、 可修饰比较级的词1）、a bit, a little, rather, much, many, far, by far, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even, no, any等。2）、还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）、以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。11、倍数表示法 英语中表示倍数的方法大致有四种,即:1. A + be (或谓语动词) + 数词 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as B. This playground is three times as large as that one.2. A + be (或谓语动词) + 数词 + times + the + (size, weight, length, width, depth, height, number) + of + B. This playground is three times the size of that one.3. A + be (或谓语动词) + 数词 + times + 形容词比较级 + than B. This playground is twice larger than that one.以下句子的意思是相同的。This street is four times the length of that one.= This street is four times as long as that one.= This street is four times longer than that one.= This street is four-fold longer than that one.注意：但若表示“比大 （长、宽、重、高、深等）多少”，须用“数字比较级than”来表达。上句还可转换为：This street is 300% longer than that one.(这条街比那条街长三倍/百分之三百。或：这条街是那条街四倍长)4. A + be (或谓语动词) + 数词 + times +what从句The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 【随堂演练】1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something巩固训练1. There is _ place than home.A. no betterB. no bestC. no a betterD. no good2. The Yellow River is _ river in China.A. second longestB. second longerC. the second longestD. the second longer3. Which is _ book, the new one or the old one?A. betterB. the betterC. bestD. the best4. There are _ students in our school than in your school.A. much moreB. much manyC. many moreD. more much5. The picture is _ beautiful than that one.A. much moreB. very moreC. quite moreD. fairly more6. He works _, if not harder than his brother.A. no harderB. as hard asC. hard asD. as hard7. The world cup in Paris was the biggest _ football match in the world.A. aliveB. livelyC. livingD. live8. _ you learn, _ it will become.A. The more; the moreB. The more; the easierC. More; easierD. More; easiest9. They live in a _ village far away from the town, but they dont feel _.A. alone; aloneB. alone; lonelyC. lonely; lonelyD. lonely; alone10. Im two years _ than my sister.A. olderB. elderC. oldestD. eldest11. Your brother is _ Wang Lin.A. as a good boy asB. as good a boy asC. as better a boy thanD. as better a boy as12. Which of the following is wrong?A. The house is twice larger than that one.B. The house is twice as large as that one.C. The house is twice the size of that one.D. The house is as twice large as that one.13. He drives as _ as he can.A. carefullyB. carefulC. much carefulD. more carefully14. The harder you study, _ progress youll make.A. greaterB. the greaterC. the greatestD. the more great15. He made the _ mistakes in the dictation exercises.A. lessB. leastC. fewerD. fewest16. Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish?A. wellB. goodC. betterD. best17. The horse is getting old and cannot run