高二英语必修5导学案.doc

Unit 1Great scientistsPeriod OneWarming Up & Reading【学习目标】话题词汇阅读Great scientistscharacteristic,scientific,conclude,conclusion,analyse,defeat,expert,attend,expose,cure,challenge,absorb,suspect,enquiry,neighbourhood,investigate,blame,pollute,handle,announce,instructput forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to,link.to.John Snow defeats “king cholera”【词语复习】.单词1.force：(1)迫使某人做某事 (2)靠武力；强迫地 (3)外来势力 (4)一支主要力量 2.develop：(1)开发软件 (2)冲洗胶卷 (3)养成好习惯 (4)发展中国家 (5)发达国家 3.lift：(1)举起 (2)乘电梯 (3)搭便车 4.keep：(1)让矿工安全 (2)让门开着 (3)保持健康 (4)一直做某事 (5)坚持不懈地做某事 (6)记日记 (7)保持记录 .短语1.set out：(1)出发去某地 (2)开始做某事 (3)使爆炸 (4)搁在一旁 (5)记下 2.look into：(1)朝房间内看 (2)调查这个事件 (3)调查水源 (4)照顾，照看 (5)俯瞰(某处)；看不起 (6)寻找(某人或某物 (7)盼望；期待 (8)当心；警惕 【基础过关】.单词1. v结束；推断出 n结论；结束2. adj.科学的 n科学 n科学家3. n专家；行家；adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n专门技能；专门知识4. vt.传染；感染 adj.传染的5. n医生；内科医师 n物理 n物理学家 adj.身体的；肉体的6. vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的7. vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 adj.专心致志的 adj.引人入胜的 n吸收8. n挑战 adj.挑战性的9. n询问 vt.询问10. adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 adv.严重地；剧烈地11. vt.污染；弄脏 adj.被污染的 n污染12. vt.宣布；通知 n宣布；通知13. n确信；确实 adj.某一,必然的 adv.无疑地,确定地14. vt.命令；指示；教导 n命令；指示15. n柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵16. vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备.短语1. 提出2. 得出结论3. 使显露；使暴露4. 将和联系或连接起来【重点词汇聚焦】1.Who put_forward a theory about black holes?对译：是谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？ 归纳拓展put forwardcome up with提出put away存放；存蓄；把收起来put down记下；平息；把放下put off推迟；推脱,搪塞；使不高兴put out熄灭；生产；公布；打扰；使不高兴语境感悟(1)He put_forward/came_up_with a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。(2)Can I put you/your name forward as the golf club secretary?我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书怎么样？(3)Put_away the tools after work,will you?工作结束后请把工具收拾好,可以吗？(4)Dont put_off till tomorrow what can be done today.今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。(5)The firefighters spent 3 hours (in)_putting_out the big fire.消防员用了3个小时的时间扑灭了大火。2.Draw a conclusion 对译：得出结论归纳拓展conclusion n结论,推论；结束conclusive adj.结论性的conclude to do sth.决定做某事conclude.from.从中推断in conclusion最后,总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论,告一段落语境感悟(1)They drew_different_conclusions_from the facts.他们从这些事实中得出了不同的结论。(2)In_conclusion,I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。(3)The meeting concluded_with The International at ten oclock.会议于十点钟在国际歌中结束。(4)What can you conclude_from these observations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？3.JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”对译：约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 归纳拓展(1)defeat和beat属一组同义词,它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体,如a team,a class,a school,an army,二者常可换。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人。beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。(2)win和gain属一组同义词。gain表示获得需要之物,它常跟的宾语有ones living,experience,strength,time,knowledge,attention,respect,admiration等。win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利,它常跟的宾语有game,war,prize,fame,battle等。语境感悟(1)The army defeated the enemy in the end.军队最终战胜了敌人。(2)In the end their army was defeated/beaten.最后他们的部队被击(打)败。(3)We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。(4)They won the battle but lost many men.他们取得了这次战斗的胜利,但牺牲了很多人。4.John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.对译：约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。归纳拓展attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加attend to sb./sth.照顾,照料；处理；注意,专心attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学attend on/upon sb.伺候某人,照顾某人attend church做礼拜attend/join/join in/take part in (1)attend是正式用语,一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼、及上学、听课、听报告、演讲等。(2)join表示参加某一团体,并作为其中一个成员。如：入党、入团和参军等；如果后接人,则表示参加某人的活动。(3)join in后接活动,强调与他人一起参与某一活动。(4)take part in后接活动,尤指多人参加的群众性大型活动。语境感悟(1)All her friends attended her wedding.她所有的朋友都出席了她的婚礼。(2)There was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜,再无人照顾他了。(3)All children between the ages of 616 must attend_school.所有616岁的孩子必须上学。(4)If you dont attend_to work,youll not succeed.如果你不专心工作,你就不会成功。5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed_to cholera.对译：但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。归纳拓展expose.to使显露；暴露expose sth./sb./oneself (to sth.)使某事/某人/自己暴露/显露be exposed to暴露于语境感悟(1)They consider it almost a crime to expose children to violence and sex on TV.他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。(2)You shouldnt expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks.你不应该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。(3)Dont expose the film to light.不要把胶片曝光。(4)Keep indoors and dont expose your skin to the sun.留在屋里,不要让皮肤暴露在太阳下。6.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.对译：人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。 归纳拓展cure n治愈；痊愈；治疗方法；对策；vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等)a cure for. 的治愈方法cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为注意“动词sb.of sth.”的其他词组：accuse sb.of sth.指控/指责某人某事inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事cure/treat (1)cure“治愈”,侧重“治愈”的结果,可构成cure sb.of sth.结构；常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等。(2)treat“治疗”,强调“治疗”的动作,可构成treat sb.for sth.。语境感悟(1)There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法,但可以医治。(2)She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。(3)When I left hospital I was completely cured.出院时我已经痊愈了。7.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. 对译：约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战,解决这个问题。归纳拓展challenge n挑战；vt.向挑战meet/face the challenge of.迎接/面对的挑战accept/take up a challenge接受挑战challenge sb.to (do) sth.向挑战challenging adj.挑战的,具有挑战性的语境感悟(1)Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。(2)She doesnt like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。(3)I challenge him to a game of chess.我要他跟我下盘棋。 (4)Why dont you try something different and more challenging?为什么不试试不同的、更具挑战性的事情？8.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.对译：约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但他需要证据。归纳拓展suspect vt.认为；怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspect that.怀疑,认为suspect sb.of (doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect sb.to be.认为某人语境感悟(1)The police took the suspect to the police station.警察把这个嫌疑犯带到了警察局。(2)I began to suspect_(that)they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。(3)We suspected_him_to_be ill.我们猜想他病了。9.It seemed that the water was to blame.对译：看来水是罪魁祸首。归纳拓展blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)对(某事)负有责任,应受责备take the blame for sth.对某事承担责任语境感悟(1)She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death.她没把父亲的死归咎于任何人。(2)If you lose your job,youll only have_yourself_to_blame.如果你丢了工作,你只能责怪你自己。(3)He laid/put_the_blame_for his failure in the exam on his teacher.他把自己考试未通过归咎于他的老师。 (4)Many children are afraid of being_blamed_for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。10.In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were_linked_to the Broad Street outbreak.对译：在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。归纳拓展link.to/with.把与联系或连接起来be linked to/with与有联系link up/with(与)连接；结合语境感悟(1)The new tunnel links Britain to France.新的隧道把英法两国连接起来。(2)The island is_linked_to/with the mainland by a new bridge.一座新桥将该岛与大陆相连。(3)The new canal will link the two rivers.新运河将两条河连在一起。 11.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.对译：有了这个特别的证据,约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布,这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。归纳拓展announce vt.宣布；通告announce sth.to sb.向某人宣告某事It is announced that.据宣布announcement n通知；公告；宣告make an announcement下通知；宣布 语境感悟(1)The news was announced to the public.这则消息已通告给公众。(2)It_is_announced that therell be a celebration on National Day.据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会。 (3)Attention,please! I have an announcement to make.大家请注意,我有事要通知。12.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.对译：自来水公司也接到指令,不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。归纳拓展instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb.to do sth.命令/指示某人做某事instruction n教授；指导；(pl.)用法说明(书),操作指南instructive adj.说明性的,指示性的,有教育意义的instructor n辅导员,讲师语境感悟(1)The old worker instruct the young workers not only in words but by deeds.老职工对青年职工言传身教。(2)He instructs a class in history.他教授一个班的历史。(3)He was instructed to sail for New York.他奉命前往纽约。(4)He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。核心句式1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.对译：人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。归纳拓展neither.nor.表示“既不也不”,用来连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语,谓语动词采取就近一致原则。使用就近原则的还有：either.or.或者或者；not only.but also.不仅而且；.or.或者；not.but.不是而是语境感悟(1)Neither she nor I am good at English.她和我都不擅长英语。(2)The children are neither in the room nor in the garden.孩子们既不在屋里,也不在花园里。(3)He neither drinks,smokes,nor eats meat.他不喝酒、不抽烟,也不吃肉。2.So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.对译：因此,每次霍乱爆发时,就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。归纳拓展every time是名词短语,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次时”。除此之外,each time,any time,the first time,last time,next time,immediately,the moment,directly,instantly和every time用法一样,作连词,引导时间状语从句。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词,即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：(1)不定代词time如：any time,each time.(2)序数词time如：the first/last time.(3)the瞬时名词如：the minute/moment/instant(4)the时间名词如：the day/night/month/time.语境感悟(1)Every_time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.每当我处于困境时,他就会来帮助我。(2)Next_time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次来的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。(3)The_moment he got out of the airport,the pop star was surrounded by his fans.这位著名的歌星一出飞机场,就被歌迷围住了。(4)The_last_time he saw Jane,she was lying in bed.他最后一次见到简时,她正躺在床上。(5)I recognized you the_instant I saw you.我一见到你就认出是你。(6)He called on his old friend the_day he arrived.他到达的当天便去拜访了他的老朋友。3.(1)The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.对译：第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。(2)To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.对译：为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。 归纳拓展句(1)中的suggest意为“暗示,表明”,其后所接的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,要用陈述语气。句(2)中的suggest意为“建议,提议”,其后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should动词原形”,其中should可省略。语境感悟(1)The smile on her face suggests that she agrees with me.她脸上的笑容表明她同意我的意见。(2) All of them suggested that the work should_be started at once.他们建议立刻开始工作。.比较与辨异【针对性练习】1.用attend,join,join in,take part in的适当形式填空(1)My father a revolutionary organization in 1938.(2)Why didnt you the talk last night?(3)Well social activities during the summer vacation.(4)He will an important meeting tomorrow.2.用cure,treat的适当形式填空(1)90% of patients can be of the disease.(2)As soon as he was sent to the hospital,the doctors began to is disease.(3)Who was it that the old professor of his cancer?3.用announce的适当形式填空(1)The young man sent us a telegram his immediate return to London.(2)It was that new speed restrictions would be introduced.(3)The prime minister is making an important at the moment.5.用defeat,beat,win的适当形式填空(1)We their team by ten points.(2)Jack the race at last.(3)In that battle,our soldiers the enemy.(4)At the school sports meeting,my class Class 3 and the basketball match.用适当的介、副词填空1.Why is he feeling today?Because the suggestion he put has been turned down.2.Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put almost every word her teacher says.3.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting at a hotel for the night.语境填词1.The (医生) drew a (结论) that the (受害者) were hard to (治愈) who were (暴露在) to (致命的) 被污染的) environment.2.The (画家) ( 提出) a (科学的) suggestion after careful (询问) and (分析) 3.Its difficult to (预知) who is the (嫌疑犯) without (调查).单句填词1.It is the most instructive lecture that I (attend) since I came to this school.2.Susan is always ready to help me I come to ask her for help.3.I clearly remember during that talk he that people,young or old,get regular exercise every day and make it into a habit.4.After a fortnights (治疗),the doctor successfully (治愈) me of my headache.5.Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main (挑战) the government faced.6.What made you (suspect) her of having taken the money? Period OneWarming Up & Reading【课后作业】.根据课文选择最佳答案( )1.Whats the purpose of the text?A.To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.B.To tell us how Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.C.To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time.D.To tell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.( )2.John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _.A.gathering information with the help of a mapB.looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge StreetC.separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D.both A and B( )3.What theory did John Snow believe in about how cholera killed people? A.People breathed in the air containing the virus of cholera.B.People drank the beer polluted by the dirty water.C.People absorbed the virus into their bodies with their meals.D.John Snow didnt believe anything.( )4.What was to blame for the cause of cholera according to the investigation of John Snow?A.Polluted water. B.Polluted air.C.Poor medical condition. D.Not drinking too much beer.( )5.Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text?A.Because cholera caused many deaths.B.Because it got its name from Queen Victoria.C.Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.D.Because it was defeated with the help of king.根据课文填入合适的词语 John Snow was so famous a doctor in London that he 1. Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people 2 to cholera.Cholera was the most 3. disease of its day,because neither its cause nor its 4 . was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an 5. . John Snow wanted to face the 6. and solve it.There were two theories explaining how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.The second suggested that people 7. this disease into their bodies with their meals. John Snow believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.After observing and 8. carefully,he drew a 9. ：It seemed the water was to 10. .Then people were 11. not to expose themselves to 12. water anymore.Finally“King Cholera” was 13. .语境填词1.From these observations we that the moon has little or no atmosphere.2.Do not babies to strong sunlight.3.Nowadays no one will the fact that the earth is round.4.In many countries,political (嫌疑犯) are kept under police observation.5.We were (击败,打败) 01 in the football game,which made us very upset.6.After graduating from college,he became an excellent (内科医生)7.The writer was so (专心于) in her work that she didnt notice Jim enter the room.8.They have the confidence and ability to 处理) the important matter well.9.Happiness,instead of medicine,was the (治愈方法) for her illness.10.They were instructed not to expose people to water anymore.完成句子1.He (应对负责) the accident.So he was blamed for it.2. (每次) I meet him,I always think of the things happening between us.3. (深深沉浸在) her new novels,the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.4.This medicine (治愈了) his cough.5.Dont worry.Ill (处理) the matter.完形填空 Bill Gates was born on October 28,1955 in a family having rich business,political and community service _1_.His great grandfather was a mayor,his grandfather was vicepresident of national bank and his father was a lawyer. Bill _2_ believes in hard work.He believes that if you are intelligent and know how to _3_ your intelligence,you can achieve anything.From childhood Bill was ambitious,intelligent and _4_.These _5_ helped him to get top position in the_6_ he chose.In school,he had an excellent record in math and science._7_ he was getting very bored in school and his parents knew it,so they always tried to _8_ him with more information to keep him busy.Bills parents came to know their sons intelligence and decided to help him go to a private school.It was a very important _9_ in Bill Gates life where he was first _10_ to a computer.Bill Gates and his f