高中英语必修五词汇 辨析.doc

必修五词语辨析及词形变化Unit 1 Great Scientists词语辨析1). character/characteristic n. 【解释】character 性格，品质 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物）【练习】选择character 或characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for themselves as much as possible.2). examine/ check /test 检查【解释】examine仔细察看或观察（以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病）check检查 （含有“校对”或“找错”的意思）test 检查，检测（以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准）【练习】选择 check , examine 或 test，并用其适当的形式填空1）I was being _ for a driving license for the third time.2）The doctor _ him carefully.3）The interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.3) cure/ treat 治疗，【解释】cure 表示治愈的结果treat 表示治疗的过程【练习】选择cure 或treat 并用其适当的形式填空1) After being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last.4) blame/scold 责备【解释】blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈【练习】1）Dont _ it on him, but on me.2）The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.5) reject /refuse 拒绝【解释】reject 后接名词，（含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾）refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表“谢绝”【练习】选择refuse 或reject 并用其适当的形式填空1）The Christian Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.2）I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works. 词形变化science n，科学scientific adj.科学的scientist n.科学家announce v宣布announcement n.宣布announcer n，广播员，告知者instruct v.指导，命令instruction n.指导，指示instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者valuable adj.有价值的value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) The _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea.” “I dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) There is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value) Unit 2 The United Kingdom 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). divide/separate v.【解释】divide “把一个整体分成若干部分”,破坏了宾语的完整性,常与 “into”连用separate 指”把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分割开来”,常与 “from” 连用【练习】选择divide或separate并用其适当的形式填空6） The apple was _ into two.7） His lecture _divides into three parts. 8） She was _ from her husband last year. 9） The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian2). puzzle/confuse【解释】puzzle 指“情况错宗复杂, 因而使人感到困惑不解”confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄乱“或“由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时现象【练习】选择puzzle 或confuse并用其适当的形式填空1）What he did _puzzled me greatly.2）They asked me so many questions that they _confused me.3）I am always _ salt with sugar.4）The patients illness _ the doctor; and he couldnt find the cause.3) debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论【解释】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思argue 指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点：discuss指一般讨论,谈论quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵【练习】选择debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其适当的形式填空1）The couple are always _quarreling about the past.2）Have you _ the problem with anyone?3）I _ with her all day about the situation.Keys: 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued4) influence/affect【解释】Affect着重影响一个人的感情或健康，也指事物受到影响influence影响,指对人或事物起某种作用，使其行为,性格或观点等发生变化，常含有潜移默化的意味.【练习】选择influence或affect并用其适当的形式填空1) The noise from the street _affected my study.2) Outside factors _influenced him to resign.3) My parents _ my childhood a great deal.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合convenient adj.便利的,方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的attract v. 吸引3. construct v.建造,构造,建立construction n.建筑,建设4. arrange v. 安排,协商arrangement n. 排列,安排5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,unfair adj. 不公平的7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) These meals are quick and _ to prepare. We provide these meals for the _ of the customers. (convenience)2) What _ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an _ garden.(attraction)3) They had an _ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange)4) The classic music _ his childhood, and he thought that listening to the music has a calming _ on him. (influence)5) A new city of Wenchuan is still under _, although it was _ a half year ago.(construct)6) At the whole classmates_, the head teacher _ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest)Unit3 Life in future词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). surrounding/ environment n. 环境【解释】surrounding 指周围或附近的一切事物;环境(常用复数)environment 指生态环境，自然环境(与the连用);还指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境.【练习】选择surrounding 或environment并用其适当的形式填空10） Good work cannot be done in unpleasant or uncomfortable_.11） A happy family provides a loving _for its children.12） The house is in beautiful_.13） It is our duty to protect the _from pollution.5）Moss grows best in a shady, damp_.2). swift/fast/quick/soon【解释】swift指运动的流畅性与稳靠性fast 更多指运动中的人或物quick大多指花费极少时间或反应或动作的敏捷soon 时间副词,指先后发生的两件事之间的时间间隔短选择swift/fast/quick或soon并用其适当的形式填空1）A _ car knocked down a boy in the main street. 飞驰的汽车；2）Only her _reaction prevented an accident. 她的快捷反应避免了一次事故。3）He has a _but unclear handwriting 流畅但不清楚的书法笔迹4）Lets eat a _snack. 让我们吃一顿快餐吧!5）_ we will arrive in Hongkong.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）settlement n. 定居；解决settle v. 安放, 使定居, 安排; 安家, 定居surrounding n. 周围的事物；环境 surround v. 包围, 围绕press v. 按；压；逼迫pressure n. 压, 压力,require v. 需要；要求；命令requirement n. 需要；要求；命令impression n. 印象, 感想,impress v. 印, 留下印象【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1） _ by green hill on the north and south and a blue sea on the east, this city really enjoys nice _.(surrounding)2） Its time you _ your difference with your father. (settlement)3） -Whats your _ of the new teacher?-He is a kind and handsome young man, but what _ me most is his sense of humour.(impression)4） It is _ that all students should wear the school uniform in school, but not all students obey the _. (require)5） The nurse _ the wound and the _ to the arm stopped the bleeding at last. (press)Unit4 Making the news词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). occupation/profession/job/work n. 工作,职业【解释】occupation较为正式,常用于所填的表格上profession常指需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的行业,职业.job可数名词,可指独立的一份工作或职位work不可数名词,泛指一切工作【练习】选择occupation/profession/job或work并用其适当的形式填空1）Please state your name, age and _ below before you go to work.2）I have a few _ to do in the house this morning.3) Typing by using the computer all day is hard_.4) Professor Zhang is the very top of medical _.2). acquire /obtain/get/gain v. 获得【解释】obtain 包含着“努力”、“希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思。通过努力工作而得到所需东西get是最普遍、使用范围最广的词以某种方式手段获得某物acquire经过努力的过程逐渐获得gain有obtain的含义，但更强调目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到，而且这种东西具有价值，特别是物质价值。【练习】选择acquire /obtain/get或gain并用其适当的形式填空1) We must work hard to _a good knowledge of English.2) I _ a letter from my parents yesterday.3) I hope that you will_ greater success soon.4) He _ experience through practice.Keys: 1) acquire 2) got 3) gain 4) obtained3) accuse/charge v.控诉,起诉【解释】accuse 常用于accuse sb. of sth.charge 常用charge sb. with sthl【练习】选择accuse或charge并用其适当的形式填空1) They _ him of taking bribes.2) The police _ him with car theft4) process/progress/procedure【解释】process CU进程，过程，程序 progressU前进, 进步, 发展 procedureCU 程序, 手续 【练习】选择process/progress/或procedure并用其适当的形式填空1) Reforming the education system will be a difficult _. 2) The disease makes rapid _3) Sometimes we need to break the normal_. 5) accurate /correct/exact/right【解释】 accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确或精确correct为一般用语, 指“正确的”exact表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”right最合适的; (就情况等而言)最好的, 可取的;或表示与事实，常理或真实情况相一致的，相当于correct/exact【练习】选择accurate /correct/exact或right并用其适当的形式填空1) She gave an _ account of the accident.2) He gave _ answers to the questions.3) His answer is quite _.4) He is the _ man for the job.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. employ v.雇佣,使用employment n.雇佣employer雇佣者, employee受雇者2. approve v.赞成,批准approval n,赞成,批准3. profession n.职业,专业professional adj.专业的4. guilt n.犯罪 guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的5.concentrate v.集中注意力concentration n.专注,专心【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1） This book demanded all your_.(concentrate)2） My parents didnt _ of my leaving school this year and I had to accept their _.(approve)3） We need enough _ engineers to undertake the job.(profession)4） his _ was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution and he felt _ about not telling the truth to the judge (guilt)5） The factories that _thousands of workers criticized the method _by the countrys government.(employ)Unit 5 First aid词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). Hurt / injure / harm / wound n.【解释】hurt 可指肉体和心理的疼痛，如强烈的剧痛的创伤，或别人的言行给某人的情感造成的伤害。injure 指物理伤害的总称。如造成容颜，机能的损害。harm 以抽象的伤害为主，通常造成伤害需要一个过程，如在人的心理，健康，权利或事业上的损害。（吸烟有害健康）wound 常指开放式的伤口（如刀，枪伤等）【练习】选择hurt/injure/harm/wound 并用其适当的形式填空14） Smoking less wont _ you.15） In the war of Gaza area, many innocent children and women _ in the heads.16） I intended no _ to his feelings. 17） Many passengers were badly _ in the accident.18） He fell down and _ his arm.2). cause/excuse/reason n.【解释】cause：指造成一种影响、结果或后果的原因或条件。（与of连用）excuse 强调为逃避或减轻责任而设法辩解而使用的借口，理由（与for连用）reason 是指解释某种效果的发生或性质的措辞（与for连用）【练习】选择cause/excuse 或reason，并用其适当的形式填空1) There was no obvious _ for the accident.2) Sometimes most students will make up a(n) _ for their absence.3) The _ she went to Guangzhou was the climate.4) Carelessness is the _ of his failure.3) electric/electr