Unit 8 Sports.doc

Unit 8 Sports一、本单元重点单词1gold/ golden 辨析gold 即可作名词，也可作形容词。gold作名词时，意思是“黄金”（指一种材料）或“金币，金制品”（coins/ objects made of this metal）gold作形容词时，意思是“金的，金制的”。golden 只能是形容词，意思是“金制的（made of gold）”作此义时，同gold; “金色的(of the color of gold)；极好的，幸运的，有利的（very fortunate/ favorable）”。例如：（1）他戴着金表。He is wearing /wears a gold /golden watch（adj. 金制的）（2）以前，人们用金币付帐。People used to pay in gold. （n. 金币，不可用golden）（3）太阳照在她那金黄色的头发上。The sun shone on the gold of her hair. (n. 金色，金黄色)The sun shone on her golden hair.(adj.金色的)（4）为什么不抓住这个大好机会？Why not seize this golden opportunity? (adj.极好的，有利的)总结：表示“金制的”gold与golden均可。但指“金色的；极好的，幸运的”只能用golden.指材料、质地时，用gold.相关搭配：golden age黄金时代；（文艺）鼎盛时期golden handshake退休金golden mean中庸之道golden rule非常重要的原则golden wedding金婚纪念golden field采金地；金矿goldfish金鱼gold leaf金箔；薄金片gold mine大财源；宝库；金矿；金山gold plate金制餐具gold rush淘金热，涌向新金矿的热潮gold smith金匠（blacksmith铁匠）2tie vt. & vi. &n.（1）意为“与打成平局（tied, tied, tying）”，作此义时，常与介词with/for连用。（to finish a match/ competition with equal points）。例如：The two teams tied. 两队比赛打成平局。（vi.）The two boys tied for the first place. 两个男孩并列第一名。（vi.）（2）意为“系，扎，捆，拴”，相当于“fasten”。常与介词to连用。例如：系鞋带 tie ones shoes系围巾 tie a scarf打结子 tie a knot 系绷带 tie the bandageThe dog was tied to the gate.=Please tie the dog to the gate. 狗被拴在门上。(vt. tieto)（3）意为“领带，联系，纽带，束缚，平局，不分胜负”。例如：He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.他穿着一件白衬衫并系了一条红领带。（n. 领带）There are many ties of friendship between the two countries.两国之间友情深厚。（n. 联系，纽带）Family ties have kept him from success. 家庭束缚他没有成功。（n. 束缚）The result of the competition was a tie. 比赛结果，双方平局。（平局，不分胜负）（4）tie的复数形式常用在以下词组中：ties of blood血缘关系 ties of common interest共同的利益关系ties of friendship友谊纽带相关词组：tie-breaker(网球)平手之后的加赛tie up 冻结（财产、资本），管制（金钱、财物）；连起来（with）；停止（stop）。例如：The police are trying to tie up his escape from prison with the murder.警察正设法把他越狱的事和那件凶杀案连起来。（tie up with）The traffic was tired up by the accident. 交通因意外事件而受阻。（stop）I am tied up now. 我现在忙得不可开交。（tied up =very busy）3furtheradj. 更深入的，进一步的；更远的，较远的Keep working as usual until further notice.照常工作，直到有进一步通知(才停止)。（until further notice 在另行通知之前）His house is on the further side of the street. 他的房子远在街道的那一边。adv. 更深一层地，更进一步地，更远地，更前面地The policeman questioned him further. 警察更进一步地讯问了他。4rank n分类；分等级This town ranks high among beauty spots. 这城市在风景区中享有盛名。The cups ranked neatly on the shelf. 杯子整齐地排列在架子上。（整齐排列）the rank of general将军衔（等级） people of all ranks各阶层人民（社会地位）a taxi rank 一列出租车（列；排；行列）v. 位居；被分类；评价She ranks high/first in her class她在班上名列前茅（第一）。5prepare vt.（1）“准备；预备”。常与介词for连用，构成词组：preparefor。例如：Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。Hes preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 他正为明天集会的演说准备。（2）prepare sb. to do sth.The nurse is preparing the child to go to the hospital. 护士正收拾一切，要把孩子送到医院。John was preparing himself to sit for the examination. 约翰在为应试做准备。（3）prepare sb. sth.His mother is preparing him a meal. 他母亲在给他做饭。（4）be prepared to do sth. 打算/准备做某事How much are you prepared to pay? 你算付多少钱？（5）be prepared for sth 对在思想上有准备，对有准备Philip was not prepared for the question. 菲利普对这个问题没有思想准备。（6）be prepared against为抵抗作准备We must be prepared against SARS. 我必须做抵抗“非典”的准备。相当于：We must prepare against SARS.派生词：preparation常用词组：make preparations for 准备，筹备She is making preparations for her marriage.她正筹备婚礼。in preparation for 作为的准备He is collecting new material in preparation for the experiment.他正收集资料为实验作准备。be in preparation 在准备中The book is in rapid preparation. 这本书正在迅速编写。make preparations against 为对付（防止）作准备We should make preparations against natural disasters. 我们应该为防止自然灾害作好准备。此外，prepare还可作“配制，调制”讲。如：This special medicine must be freshly prepared. 这种特殊的药每次必须重新调配。Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲正为我们做饭。6effect 结果，后果，影响效果（常与介词on/ upon连用）主要用法：（1）have / produce an effect on / upon 对有影响/起作用A word from the teacher will have a great effect on my son.老师的一句话能对我儿子起很大的作用。Her new red dress produced quite an effect on everyone.她的红色新衣给每个人留下很深刻的印象。注意：可以说have an effect onhave a great / .effect onhave some effect on 对 有一些影响但不可以说：have some effects on词组中的on / upon 不可误用为to.（2）give effect to实现，完成，相当于carry out.例如：He gave effect to his dead brothers wishes by having him buried properly.他实现了其兄的意愿，把他好好地埋葬了。（3）in effect 生效in (esp. lawful ) operation 如：The old system of taxation will remain in effect until next May. 旧税制到五月前仍然有效。实际上（in fact）如：Her brother is king, but she is, in effect, the real ruler. 她的弟弟是国王，但实际上她才是统治者。（4）into effect 生效 (esp. lawful) operation 常与一些动词构成短语：carry /bring /come /go into effect指“使生效/实施/起作用”。如：明年五月新税收制度将开始生效 The plan has been carried into effect.这计划已实行。（5）take effect生效come into (esp. lawful) operation The new system of taxation will take effect next May. 这新税收制度明年五月生效。奏效（begin to produce result ）The medicine quickly took effect.药很快见效了。（6）toeffect大意是（withgeneral meaning ）He called me a fool, or words to that effect. 他称我是呆子或诸如此类的话。He has made a declaration to the effect that all fighting must stop at once.他作了宣布，大意是说战争必须立刻停止。（7）effect 还可用作vt.，意为“实现”（cause / produce/have as a result）.I will effect my purpose：no one shall stop me! 我会达到目的，没有人能阻止我。（vt.）7compete vi. 竞争；竞赛compete (名词为 competition)的含义仅仅是为了争得名次、奖品，并不含有将对手征服的意思。The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool.孩子们互相竞争着抵达池子的另一端。to compete with others for a prize 为得奖与人竞争Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加赛跑。competitor n. 对手；敌手；竞争者；比赛者There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-metre race. 有十二名选手参加二百米赛跑。competition n. （1）竞争 He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 为得到这份工作他与10个人展开竞争。Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.由于失业如此众多，求职的竞争十分激烈。（2）比赛；竞赛He takes part in a swimming competition. 他参加游泳比赛。二、本单元重点短语1stand for代表，代替，象征；支持同义词：represent / on behalf ofstand for 的用法to be a sign or short form of; represent; mean 象征，代表；表示；意指What does the“WTO”stand for? WTO代表什么？（mean / represent）比较：stand for / represent / on behalf ofon behalf of常与sb.连用。构成短语：on behalf of sb或on sbs behalf，意为“作为的代表”（acting/ speaking for sb., in the interest of sb.; as the representative of sb.）常指代表某人的做法/言论/利益或代表某人本人。美国英语也作in behalf of sb. 或in sbs behalf。例如： My husband cant be here today, so Im going to speak on his behalf (on behalf of him).我丈夫今天不能来，所以我要代表他说话。（不可用stand for）represent 除了有 stand for 意义外，还有“表现，描绘”，常与as连用。例如：This painting represents a storm at sea. 这幅画描绘了海上的暴风雨。He represented himself as a friend of the workers, but now we know the truth.他声称是工人之友，但现在我们知道真相了。（represent oneself as 声称自己是身份）此句也可写为：He represented himself as being friendly to the workers, but now we know the truth.（represent oneself as being）He represented me to be his father. 他说我是他父亲。（represent sb to be声称某人是）He represented me as a cruel father. 他说我是一个很残酷的父亲。（represent sb as）注意：representas中，represent不可用stand for或on behalf of替换。stand for还可作“忍受，容忍，纵容”之意。例如：I wont stand for any more of your rudeness. 我不愿再忍受你的无礼。作“主张”，“拥护”，“支持”之意，相当于support。例如：Before we elect him to parliament, We want to know what he stands for.在我们选他当国会议员之前，我们要知道他的主张。总结：stand for 意思为“象征，代表”时，相当于represent.但是represent还有“描绘，表现”之意。构成词组：意思是“把某人/自己描绘成/说成”。in/ on behalf of sb或in/ on sbs behalf意为“代表某人（的言论，行为，利益等）”represent 还可作“再赠予，再送”之意。2because of 因为，由于此词组是一个介词词组，后面须接名词、代词或动名词，不可接句子。cf. because 是一连词，后面须接句子。例如：玛丽没有上学，因为她病了。Mary didnt come to school because of her illness.相当于：Mary didnt come to school because she was ill.拓展：与because of同义的词组还有：owing to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, due to，for the reason of 等等。例如：由于这场洪水，成千上万的人无家可归。Thousands of people became homeless because of the flood.相当于：Thousands of people became homeless owing to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless thanks to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless due to the flood.Thousands of people became homeless on account of the flood.注意：for作介词也可作“因为，由于”讲，但它经常与reason连用，构成短语。forreason 例如：for this/ that/ some reason由于这个/那个/某个原因Marx was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.马克思由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国。3take part 参加主要用法：take part in 常指“分担责任，参加，参与”尤指参加各种活动、运动。当后面不接宾语时，省去介词in。例如：The Swiss did not take part in the two World Wars.这个瑞士人没有参加过这两次世界大战。We should take an active part in all kinds of useful activities.我们应该积极参加各种有用的活动。take part in / take an active part in注意：take part in 是固定词组，part 前不能有冠词。但take an active part in “积极参加”，词组中的冠词an不可省。take part in / take a part in take a part in 相当于play a part in 指“扮演一个角色”。例如：She will play / take a part in this play.她将会在这个戏中扮演一个角色。take part in / join in join in 也指“参加（常指作为一个成员）某项活动”，用法基本同take part in，但take part in 常与某物连用，而不与某人连用。即：take part in sth（正确） take part in sb（错误）join in 可有以下搭配方式：join in sth 参加某项活动join sb in sth参与到某人的活动中去但不可说join in sb，可说join in with sb.例如：Sarah never joins in (with us), she always plays on her own.莎拉一向不（和我们）合群，她总是一个人玩。注意：join in 词组中的“in”可以介词，也可以是副词，即join in 后面可以有宾语（in 为介词）也可以没有宾语（in为副词）。但take part in中的in只能为介词，词组后面必须有宾语。4would rather 宁愿，宁可此词组通常用来表达一种选择（expressing a choice）。用法如下：（1）would rather 动词原形。例如：Which would you rather do, go to the cinema or stay at home? 你要看电影，还是待在家里？(would rather引导的疑问句，直接把would提至句首即可)I would rather not say what I think. 我还是不说的好。（would rather引导的否定句，直接在rather后加上not，注意not不可加在would后）（2）would rather句子（sb. did sth.,谓语用过去时），指某人宁愿现在和将来要做的事情。Id rather you went home now. 我愿意让你现在就回家了。（现在）Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.明天别来，我希望你下周末来。（将来）Shall I open a window? 我开一扇窗好吗？Id rather you didnt. 你最好别开。（3）would rather句子 (sb.had/hadnt done sth.)，指某人宁愿过去已（没）做过某事。例如：Id rather you hadnt done that.我希望你没有做过那件事。（4）would rather like 相当于would you like,常用于口语中，例如：Id rather like a cup of coffee.Oh, would you? Id rather have a beer.我很想来杯咖啡。噢，是吗？我宁愿喝啤酒。（5）would rather do sth. than do sth. else相当于would do sth. rather than do sth.意思“宁愿做而不愿做”。例如：He would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.他宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影。相当于：He would stay at home rather than go to the cinema.5every four years 每四年 every表示“每隔”的用法：（1）“every other+单数名词”意思是“每隔一”。如：every other day每隔一天every other tree 每隔一棵树She goes to town every other day.她每隔一天去城里一次。（2）“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”意思是“每隔”（较英语数词少一个）.如：every three days=every third day 每隔两天（或者译为每三天）因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天（或者译为每两天）Take the medicine every four hours. 每四小时服药一次。I go home every fourth week. 我每四个星期回家一次。（3）“every few+复数名词”意思是“每隔几”。如：every few days每隔几天He stopped and turned round every few meters.三、本单元重难点句子解析1In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries. 在悉尼，中国队共获28枚金牌，列所有参赛国的第三。ranking third of all the competing countries 是一个由v.-ing 形式引导的伴随状语，指rank的动作与got的动作同时发生，此句相当于：In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals and ranked third of all the competing countries.英语中，伴随状语可由现在分词，也可由过去分词的形容词或形容词及形容词短语来充当。这种伴随状语有时也用来表示结果。例如：The students entered the classroom, jumping and singing.学生们又唱又跳地进了教室。（伴随状语）相当于：The students entered the classroom and they jumped and sang at the same time.A terrible flood happened in 1998, making thousands of people homeless.1998年发生了一场洪水，使成千上万的人无家可归。（making 引导的短语常用来作结果状语）