高中牛津英语M6 单词汇总.doc

M6 Unit 1 1. stand up for支持;维护We all must stand up for democracy and human rights. 我们都必须支持民主,维护民权。 You must stand up for your rights. 你必须维护自己的权利。14stand for 代表；支持; 主张 stand out 突出；站出来； stand by袖手旁观 stand in the way 阻碍stand still 站着不动；静止不动 stand firm 挺立；站稳立场 stand against vt. 反对；抵抗 stand back 退后；往后站；不介入2, tease vt.、vi 戏弄,逗弄;取笑;欺负 ( make fun of/play tricks on/ toy with)The dog may bite you if you keep teasing it. 要是你不停地逗惹那条狗,它也许会咬你。 Dont take it seriously - he was only teasing. 别当真,他只是在戏弄你。 3. variety n. （同一事物）不同种类，多种样式a variety of / varieties of 多种多样的，种类繁多的， 1) There are a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。2) This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这种工具有多种用途。vi. varyadj. various4.behave v. 表现 The doctor behaved very unprofessionally. 那位医生的做法违反职业道德。He behaved like/as a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。behave (oneself) 表现得体；有礼貌I want you to behave yourself while I am away. well-behaved 行为良好的badly-behaved 行为欠佳的behavior n. 行为，举止5. trip n/vt/vi (使)绊倒He tripped over/on a brick. 他被一块砖头绊倒了。 He tripped the pickpocket up with the heels. 他用脚后跟把扒手绊倒。 6.perform vt. vi. 表演，履行，运转When will the play be performed?The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.The machine performs well. perform on the flute 吹奏长笛perform a trick 表演戏法perform an experiment 做实验perform ones promise 履行承诺performer n.performance n. 演出;演奏;表演 履行;实行;完成.He failed completely in the performance of his duty. 他完全没有履行他的职责。 put on performances 演出7. make fun of 开的玩笑，嘲笑 Dont make fun of people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑残疾人。have fun =have a good time 玩得开心It is fun to do sth. 做某事有趣What fun it is to do sth！ 做某事多有趣啊！8. affection 爱,情爱,钟爱( for/towards)She has a great affection for her hometown. 她对家乡怀有深厚的感情。 Her affections were centered on her cousin. 她的爱全都倾注到她的表兄弟身上了。9. come up with 想出；拿出1) She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 2) How soon can you come up with the money? 你什么时候能拿出这笔钱？come up 发芽；（太阳）升起； 被提及，被讨论come out （太阳，星星或月亮）出现，露出；开花；出版，发行come to 合计，总计come across （偶然）遇见，发现1) The bill came to $30. 账单金额总计为30元。2) When is his new novel coming out? 他的新小说什么时候出版？3) The subject came up in conversation. 谈话中提到了这个话题。11. pass away 消逝,去世 (时间)过去;消磨(时间)As soon as the sun comes out, the mist will pass away. The old man passed away peacefully. Ten days passed away and still there was no news about them. pass by 经过;过去pass down 使世代相传，流传pass on 转交，递给，传给M6U2 Words in reading 1. surround vt. 包围，围困 ( 常与by, with 连用)The house was surrounded by high walls. They have surrounded the town with(用包围) troopssurrounding adj. 周围附近的surroundings n. pl 周围的物体 、环境 2. junior adj. 资历较浅的, 年少的, 下级的 n.晚辈, 年少者,地位较低者 （to）The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.He is junior to me by two years. = He is two years junior to me.Tom is a junior officer/gymnast.反： senior a.地位高的；年长的 n.年长者；毕业班学生 (to)She is senior to me, since she joined the firm before me.相似表达：be superior to sb./sth 比好，强；比级别高be inferior to 比差；级别低 3. apart from 远离；除了(还)She is always keeping her children apart from other students.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he had his both legs broken.（= aside from/as well as/in addition to/besides）The boy has finished the novel apart from (except for) the last two pages.Can you tell Tom apart from his twin brother?Dont tear the envelope apart.4. in good spirits 心情好,情绪高Although Tony is an orphan, he is always in good spirits.in good/high spirits in a good mood情绪高昂in bad/poor/low spirits in a bad mood情绪低落raise ones spirits 鼓舞情绪keep ones spirits up/ cheer sb. up 使振作精神5. accomplish vt. 完成, 实现，达到（目的） completesuccessfully 1)They did not accomplish the purpose desired.2) He accomplished the task by his single-handed（单枪匹马的）efforts.辨析: 1) accomplish 指成功的完成预期的目标, 任务等, 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词,有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意 2) finish 多指日常事务的完成, 强调事情的了结, 终止. 3) complete 强调事物完整的完成或终结. 4) achieve 多指排除困难完成宏伟计划或大业.e.g. The journey was accomplished in 5 weeks.He finished his homework within two hours.He was not satisfied with what he had achieved.The whole project will have been completed by the end of this month. n. accomplishment(s)6. adapt vt.vi. 适应(to)，适合; 改编,改写1) adapt (oneself) to new circumstances 使自己适应新环境2) Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.3) These are books adapted for junior students.adapt/ adjust (oneself) to 适应be adapted from/into由改编/改编成be adapted for 为改编7. go after vt. （1）chase or follow sb. He had left his wallet on the table, so I went/ran after him.（2）try to get sb or sth We are both going/running after a common dream.常用表达： go against 违背；不利于 go in for 喜欢；从事；参与 go by 走过；(时间)流逝 go oyer 越过；复习 go around/round 四处走动；传播 go through 经历；仔细检查8. advocate vt.+n./doing sth./that-clause support sth publiclyThe group doesnt advocate the use of violence Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior. The report advocated that all the buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors(报警器). n. advocation 倡议 n. advocate 倡议者，拥护者(an advocate of sth.)M6 U2 Words (2)1. accompany vt. 陪伴, 伴随, 补充, 给 . 伴奏 vi.伴奏The singer was accompanied on/at the piano by his pupil. Lightning usually accompanies thunder.He wished her to accompany him to the airport. 陪某人去companion n.同伴，伴侣company n.公司；陪伴, 陪同 in company with sb. 与一起 keep sb. company 陪伴某人 in ones company 在的陪伴下2. directly adv. 直接地; 直爽地; 立即,马上She is directly responsible to the Minister for the work. 她直接受部长领导. She speaks very directly to others. 她对人说话非常直率.Ill be there directly. 我很快就到。He went direcly/straight/all the way to the office. 他直接去办公室。directly conj. = as soon as 一.就. (instantly, immediately, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant)I went home directly I finished work. 我一接到你的消息就来了。I came here directly/immediately/instantly/the moment/the minute/the second/as soo as I got your message.direct(vt.)-director-directiondirect (adj.) directly(adv.)3. talent n. 天资,天赋；天才He had a talent/gift for music. 他有音乐天赋。He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness. She is a new diving talent. talented adj. 有才能的，有才干的 (in/at) She is very talented/gifted in communicating with others. 她很擅长与他人沟通。 Talented as he is , he doesnt devote all his energy to his study. 虽然他很有才干，但是没用用在学业上。4. allocate vt. 分配，配给 (allocate sb. sth. / allocate sth. to sb.)He allocated each of us our tasks. He allocated tasks to each of us.他给我们每个人都分配了工作allocation n. 配给; 分配; 配给量 Weve spent our entire allocation for the year. 我们已经把今年拨给我们的全部经费都花光了.5. quit vt./vi. (quit quit / quitted quitted ) 1) stop doing(informal, AmE) 停止 2) leave your job, school, etc. 退出（辞职/退学） 3) leave the place where you live 离开You cannot quit smoking too soon. (quit doing) 你愈早戒烟愈好。If I dont get a pay rise, Ill quit. 若不给我加薪, 我就不干了.We decided it was time to quit the city.adj.摆脱的, 自由的 be quit/free of sb./sth. 我给了他钱为的是要摆脱他。I gave him money to be quit of him. 6. assist vi. vt. 帮助, 协助 (sb) with sth; (sb) in doing sth/ sb.to do sth You will be required to assist Mrs. Smith in preparing/to prepare a report. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告.Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries. 有两个人正在协助警方进行对他们的询问.assistance n. with the assistance/help/aid of 在的帮助下come to ones assistance/aid = help sb. assistant n. 助手，助理7. head for move to a particular direction(多用进行时)Where is the ship heading for？It is heading for London.head vi. Where are you heading?你往哪儿走?head south, back to camp, away from the town, towards home, etc 朝南、回营地城外家里等的方向走.M6U3 New words in reading1. ensure vt. (US insure) 确保; 保证; 担保: 使（某人）一定得到（某事物）;使安全，保护 ensure sb. sth./sth. to sb./that-clauseensureagainst(from)These pills should ensure you a good nights sleep. Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 充足的睡眠能保证你早日康复。A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery. 由他推荐，可以保证我找到工作。His recommendation will ensure me a job.We should ensure/protect ourselves against(from) all possible risks.2. congratulate vt. sb (on sth) 祝贺; 庆贺; 道喜congratulate sb on his marriage, new job, good exam resultsn. congratulation（常用复数）give congratulations to sb. on his success Youve passed your driving test? Congratulations! 3. celebration 庆祝have/ hold a celebrationin celebration of = in order to celebrate 为了庆祝A special gift was given to them in celebration of/ to celebrate the special day. 为了纪念（庆祝）这个特殊的日子，一件特殊的礼物送给了他们。 We will hold a mass-meeting in celebration of May Day. 我们将举行群众集会庆祝“五一”节。类似的短语：in honor of /in search of/in memory of /in favor of /in charge of in place of /in spite of/in need of/in praise of/in the hope of辨析： celebrate 与 congratulatecelebrate 表“庆祝”时，宾语是事（sth.） celebrate sth.congratulate 向某人表示祝贺，其宾语是受到祝贺的人 congratulate sb.on sth.4. reception n. 接待处; 接受; 接待; 接纳; 接收We arranged to meet at reception at 6:30. The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.The President gave a reception for the visiting heads of state.Radio reception isnt very good here.vt. receive n. receptionist 5. permit vt. ( permitted/ permitted/permitting) 1).允许, 许可, 容许（某事物）permit (doing) sth/ permit sb.to do sth.(相同用法的词admit/allow/advise/forbid) Dogs are not permitted into the building. We do not permit smoking in the office/Smoking is not permitted in our office .在我们的办公室里不准吸烟. The prisoners were permitted two hours outdoor exercise a day. Permit me to explain. 容我解释一下. 2). 使（某事物）有可能性: If weather/time permits/ Weather/Time permitting, Ill come tomorrow. The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times. 这些窗户采光及通风性能良好. The windows permit light and air to enter. 3). of sth(不用于被动) 认可; 容忍: The situation does not permit/admit of any delay. 情势刻不容缓.4). permit /pmit/ n. 许可证; （尤指）通行证: You cannot enter a military base without a permit. n. permission U (to do sth) You have my permission to leave. 他们未经许可擅入该地. They entered the area without permission. 6. prohibit vt. 禁止某事物或某人做某事（尤指以法令 规章或条例） sth/ sb (from doing sth) (相同语法的词 ban/ forbid)Smoking in public is prohibited in most countries. The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. . The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.该药因昂贵而影响其广泛应用n. prohibition (against sth)a prohibition/ ban against the sale of firearms 禁止出售火器的法令They voted in favour of the prohibition against smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟.7. throughout (时间，空间上的) 遍及，自始至终 adv./ prep.The house was painted green throughout. I watched the film and cried throughout. News spread throughout/ all over the country. 这消息传遍了全国.Food was in short supply throughout/ all through the war. 在战争期间食物匮乏.8. adjust vt./ vi. 校准; 调准; 校正;整理 / 使适合（新环境等）; 适应: adjust sth. to do sth./ to(according to) sth.If the chair is too high, you can adjust it to suit you.As a teacher, you have to adjust your methods to the needs of slower children.She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room. adjust (oneself) to sth.（使）适应Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.The body quickly adjusts (itself) to the changes in temperature. adj. adjustable 可调节的, 可调整的c/un. adjustment 调整, 调停, 调节Ive made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan. 我对座次表作了小小的调整.Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 可能有必要调节一下镜头.9. familiar adj. (sb.) be with sth 对某事物熟悉; 通晓(sth.)be (to sb) 被（某人）所熟知的; 经常见到或听到的I am not very familiar with botanical names. In class, its better to use examples that are familiar to every schoolchild. 最好课上使用小学生都熟悉的事例。 n. familiarity （对某事物的）熟悉, 通晓:His familiarity with / His good knowledge of the local languages surprised me. 他对当地各种语言如此精通令我吃惊.M6U3 Words (2) 1. expectation n. 预料; 预期; 期待; 期望: /(对某事物）有信心的指望(通常作复数) Theres no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚预料无雪. The holiday was beyond/against/ contrary to all expectations. 假日过得比预期的好得多. What he did met/lived up to his parents expectations. 他所做的一切符合他父母的期望。v. expect 预料, 预计, 期待, 盼望/要求/认为; 猜想expect sth. from sb.expect to doexpect sb. to do sth 常用被动sb. be expected to do（某人被期望/ 应该做）expect that-clausethan/as expectedThis is the parcel which we have been expecting (from New York). 这是我们一直在期待的（从纽约来的）邮包. You cant expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语. You will be expected to work on Saturdays. 你们星期六要上班. Will you need help? I dont expect so. 你需要帮忙吗?我想不必了. I expect (that) I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来. You came back earlier than expected. The task was well completed as expected.2. let(sb./sth.)alone 不管; 不打扰/ 更不用说(作为连词使用，前后接平行成分) Let/Leave her alone/ Let her be; she wants to stay alone for a while. He cant even ride a bicycle, let alone drive a car.这小孩儿连走都不会，更别提跑了。 The baby cant even walk, let alone run.这房子不宜夏天居住，更别说冬天了。 The house isnt suitable to live in summer, let alone in winter.3. minority n. 少数/少数民族 Only a minority of British households dont have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车. A /The minority votes/vote against the law. 只有少数人投票反对这项法案.the rights of ethnic minorities 少数民族的权利 be in a/the minority 占少数 The female workers in this company are in the/a minority.在这家公司，女职工只占少数。adj. minor 较小的; 程度轻的; 次要的 minor injuries, burns, fractures, etc 轻度损伤 灼伤 骨折等 a minor part/role in a play 剧中的次要角色minor vi. in sth （指学生）副修某科.反义词 majority大多数; 大半; 大多 The/A majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机.be in the/a majority 构成大部分Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are in the/a majority. 委员中赞成提出修改意见的占大多数adj. major 较重要的; 较大的; 主要的:a major road 主干道the major portion 较大的部分 a major operation, 大手术major vi. in sth (US) 主修（大专院校的）科目: She majored in maths and physics at university. 她在大学主修数学和物理.4.account n. 帐目, 帐户/报告; 叙述pay money into/draw money out of an account 在一帐户中存取钱keep the accounts 记帐She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了详细叙述. Dont believe the newspaper account of what happened. 不要相信报纸上（对所发生的事情）的报道. Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活动都记下来.on account of sth; 因为 由於on no account;决不可以; 切莫:take sth into account/consideration 斟酌; 体谅; 考虑:vt. account 将（某人某事物）看做; 视为:(regard,consider)In English law a man is accounted (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国法律, 一个人未经证实有罪仍视为无罪.account(to sb.) for sth 解释某事物的原因；占多大比例；摧毁杀死We must account (to our employer) for every penny we spend during a business trip. 我们得把我们出差时所花的每一分钱（向雇主）交代清楚.His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席.African-Americans account for 12% of the US population.Three days after the earthquake, more than 150 people had still to be accounted for.M6 U4 Words in reading1. lack n. / vt. (不用被动)(a) lack of information/ waterThe project failed due to lack of money. 那项计划因资金不足而失败。He was acquitted for lack of evidence. 他因罪证不足而被宣告无罪。We have no lack of water here. 我们这里有充足的水。He lacks common sense. 他缺乏常识。 She lacked the experience to get the job.lacking adj. be lacking inThe only thing is that we are lacking in money.2. refer to 1) to mention 提到, 谈到The speaker referred to his past experiences. 演讲者谈到了他过去的经历.2) to have resource, turn to查阅A person refers to/consults a dictionary to find the meanings of words. 为了找出单词的意思, 人们需要查字典.3) to describe or be connected to 描述, 涉及，与有关His new book referred to/ was related to air pollution.他的新书涉及到空气污染 n. reference(提及，关于，参考)in/with reference to reference booksreferee(裁判)3worthy adj. -having qualities that deserve respect, attention or admiration 令人敬重的, 高尚的，了不起的 ( 做定语）They are regarded as the worthiest citizens of the town.a worthy gentleman 受人敬仰的绅士 having the qualities that deserve sth. 值得, 配得上 be worthy of sb./ sth. be worthy of being done be worthy to be doneThis park is worthy of a visit again.This park is worthy of being visited again. 这个公园值得再去看看。This park is worthy to be visited again.worth adj. “ 值得” “ 值（多少钱）” “ 价钱为” 后面常跟动名词或名词。be worth sth./ doing sth.(主动表被动)Each of these stamps is worth 30 cents.How much is the picture worth? 这个公园值得再去看看。The park is worth a visit/ visiting again.worthwhile adj. “ 值得的” 后接不定式或动名词It is worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.It is worthwhile to visit / visiting the park again.这个公园值得再去看看。worthwhile “有价值的,重要的”Here is some worthwhile advice to you.4. in addition, / additionally ( besides/as well/what more/ moreover)They had a big meal, in addition, they ate a great deal of fruit.他除了英语之外，也会说法语。He speaks French in addition to/ apart from/ besides/as well as English.additional adj.The charge for the delivery is additional. 运费另计。5. equal adj. 平等的； 同等的They are equal in ability. 他们能力相当。Six equal pieces 六等分Tom is equal to John in height.All men are born equal. 人生而平等。n. c 同等的人（ 匹敌者）；相等物; 对手Jane has no equal in physics.He is my equal in strength.vt. 与.相同/ 相等Two and/ plus two equals four.He equals me in qualifications but not in experience. 他和我具有同等的资格，但经验比不上我。 adv. equally n. equality6. contribute 捐款； 捐助； 提供（时间，精力等）con