英语综合教程unit2词汇学习.doc

Unit 2Words and Expressions1. (Para.1) thrilling: adj. exciting and interesting* It is such a thrilling experience to see the vast African landscape. (插 入图片 thrilling) (插入声音文件 thrilling) (= The book is another thrilling story of mystery and suspense.) 2. (Para. 1) specify: v. state sth. in an exact and detailed way (插入图片toys)These toys cant reach the standards the state has specified.（插入声音文件specify）(=The order specifies a December deadline for completion of the work.)3. (Para. 1) condemn: v. give sb. a severe punishment after deciding they are guilty of a crime; say very strongly that you do not approve of sth. or sb., especially because you think it is morally wrong The prisoner was condemned to death. We all strongly condemn violence of any sort. (=我们强烈谴责任何形式的暴力行为。)Patterns: condemn sb. for doing sth.condemn sb. to sth.condemn sb. / sth. as sth.4. (Para. 1) confine: v. keep sb. or sth. within the limits of a particular activity or subject; if you are confined to a place, you have to stay in that place, especially because you are ill He is confined to bed with illness.这次事故之后她坐在轮椅上度过了后半生. (插入图片wheelchair) (=She was confined to a wheelchair for the rest of her life after the accident. ) （插入声音文件confine） (= She confines her speech to environmental pollution.)CF. confine, imprison & jail 这些动词均含“监禁”之意。confine指把某人或某物关在一个地方，使之不能离开。imprison较正式用词，指把某人关在监狱里面或者阻止某人离开某地。jail把某人关进监狱，一般罪比较轻。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The murderer will be _ for the rest of his life. (=imprisoned)2. Jane hates the job as a secretary because she feels _ in the office all day. (=confined)3. He attacked a policeman after getting drunk, and was _ for two weeks. (=jailed)4. Its cruel to _ a bird to a cage. (=confine)5. (Para. 6) appreciative of sth.: grateful for sth. The guests are quite appreciative of the hosts entertainment. （插入声音文件appreciative） (= A good boss should be appreciative of anything the staff do for him.)6. (Para. 2) in / undercircumstances: the conditions that affect a situation, action, event, etc. 你在目前这种情况下退出是不明智的。 （=It is not wise for you to quit under present circumstances.） （插入声音文件circumstances） (=In no circumstances should you leave your baggage unattended in the airport.)7. (Para. 3) emphasize: v. say sth. in a strong way He repeatedly emphasized the importance of team spirit. 8. (Para. 3) keen adj. 1) sb. with a keen mind is quick to understand things a keen observer a keen mind 2) sb.who is keen on sth. is very interested in it or enjoys doing it very much （插入图片ballet） She is keen on ballet. 9. (Para. 3) adopt: v. start to deal with or think about sth. in a particular way (插入图片 tulip) We adopted new methods to cultivating tulips this year. 新技术的采用提高了产品的质量。 （= The newly-adopted techniques improved the quality of products.）10. (题目上面) take for granted: expect that sb. or sth. will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are; believe that sth. is true without making sure (插入声音文件grant)(=Most of us, busy with work, take our family for granted.) 不要想当然的认为努力一定会换来成功。 （=Dont take it for granted that hard work is certainly followed with success.）11. (Para. 4) picture v.: imagine sth. by making an image in your mind I had never met John, but I pictured him as a pale, thin young manwearing glasses.(插入声音文件picture)(=I can still picture my uncle as I knew him, with his grey suit andlarge old shoes.)12. (Para. 5) characterize: v. be typical of a person, place or thing *Picassos work The Tragedy is characterized by dominant use of blue. (插入图片 Tragedy) (插入声音文件 characterize) (=The spacious entrance hall characterizes all the buildings here.) 13. (题目上面) deaf: adj. 1) physically unable to hear anything or unable to hear well (插入声音文件 deaf ) (= It is amazing that the deaf people can dance so beautifully without hearing the music.) 2) be unwilling to hear or listen to sth. The manager is deaf to the customers complaints. She was deaf to his pleas.Collocations:deaf and dumb deaf as a post be deaf to sth. fall on deaf ears 14. (Para. 5) take in: understand and remember new facts and information (插入声音文件take in) (=The smart boy can always take in what the teacher teaches in class quickly.) 我怀疑他是否真的听进了我说的话, 他看起来心不在焉的. (=I doubt whether he really takes in what I am saying; he seems so be absent-minded.) 15. (Para. 5) grateful adj.: feeling that you want to thank sb. because of sth. kind that they have done, or showing this feeling We are really very grateful to you for all you have done for us. （插入声音文件grateful）(=The winner smiled at his parents, grateful for their support.)CF. grateful & appreciative 这两个形容词均有“感谢的、感激的”之意。grateful普通用词，强调因对方的恩惠、好意或帮助，从内心产生的感激之情。 He felt grateful for his friends help when he was in trouble.appreciative与grateful基本同义，但语气较强，强调以行动或言语来感谢。 The millionaires generosity shows he is really appreciative for his family members support to his business.16. (Para. 5) conscious: adj. noticing or realizing sth. I was conscious that I made a mistake. （插入声音文件conscious） (=The driver was still conscious when he was sent to the hospital.) （插入图片baby ） On seeing the new-born baby, the young father became conscious ofhis responsibilities.CF. aware, conscious & sensible 这些形容词均含“意识到的”之意。aware强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏税的观察和推断。强调 感知，多与of一起用。conscious指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。sensible强调通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above.1. I had to make a / an _ effort not to be rude to him. (=conscious)2. She is _ of the dangers of her position. (=sensible)3. Ones _ motives are often different from ones subconscious ones. (=conscious)4. He concentrated on his job so much that he was not _ of the time. (=aware)17. (Para. 6) stricken: adj. very badly affected by trouble, illness, unhappiness, etc. The little boy was stricken with fever. 18. (Para. 7) response: n. sth. that is said or written as a reply 首相对记者的提问不予回答。(=The Prime Minister made no response to the journalists questions.) （插入声音文件response） (=The workers got a favorable response to their pay demands.)19. (Para. 7) convince: v. make sb. feel certain that sth. is true The jury was convinced he was innocent. 他终于让我相信了他的真诚。 （= He eventually convinced me of his sincerity.） (插入图片 smoking) * The newspaper article has convinced me that smoking is a dangerous habit.Patterns:convince sb. of sth. convince sb. (that) 20. (Para. 8) worthy of: being deserved to be thought about or treated in a particular way (插入图片worthy) Helen Kellers contributions are worthy of the honor they offeredher. 他的成就值得给予最高赞赏。(=His achievements are worthy of the highest praise.) 21. (Para. 8) sign: n. an event, fact, etc. that shows that sth. is happening or that sth. is true or exists All the signs show that our guess will turn out to be true. 警方彻底搜查了房屋， 没有发现任何非法闯入的迹象。 （= The police searched the house thoroughly, but found no signs of a break-in.）CF: sign & indication 这两个名词均为“迹象”之意。sign 指一些事实或者迹象，这些事实能证明某些事情正在发生或者某事是真的或的确存在。例如： Signs of this illness are rapid breathing and a weak pulse. indication 特指人的一些言行使人相信某些事情已经，正在或即将发生。例如： The two leaders greet each other warmly, which is an indication that the situation will take a favorable turn.22. (Para. 8) awaken:1. v. wake up or to make someone wake up She was awakened to take her turn on guard. 半夜我被房间里奇怪的声音吵醒了。 （= I was awakened by the strange sounds in my bedroom at midnight.） 2. v. if sth. awakens an emotion, interest, memory, etc., it makes you suddenly begin to feel that emotion, etc. Many people are still not awakened to the importance of environmental protection. (插入声音文件 awaken) (= The children are awakened to the danger of their behavior.)23. (Para. 8) reveal: v. make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown The special agent didnt reveal his identity until the last moment. 这桩法律界的丑闻终于被一位勇敢的记者在报纸上披露了出来。 （= This scandal in the law was finally revealed in the newspaper by a brave journalist.） CF: reveal, disclose & expose 这些动词均有“揭露，揭示”之意。reveal 指的是说出或揭开一个秘密，或不为人知的事情。其范围可以公开的也可以是私下的。disclose 强调的是公开揭露不为人所知的事实或名字。expose 指的是公开揭露一些组织或个人的秘密行为，且揭露者认为公众有权知道这些不可告人的秘密。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Our company has just _ its new plan for the coming new yea