2009北大考博英语模拟题(structure and written expression 讲解1) (2).doc

21. Whatever is left over is yours.Whatever happens, well meet here tonight.Whatever requests you make will be granted.Hed have difficulty in learning any language Greek, Chinese, or whatever.WhicheverRead whichever books you please.Its a long trip whichever road you take. ElseI have always done it this way and I do not know how else it could be done. Where else would you like to go besides San Francisco?Would you like anything else?somebody elses cupWho elses? (= Whose else ?)Be careful, or else you will make a mistake.22. in the dead of night; at dead of night, in the dead of winter, in the death of winter; in the dead of summerIn the small hours; in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the daytime; in the dead hours; at dawn, at noon, at noon sharp, at dusk, at sunset, at night; by night (under the cover of night); far into the night; late at night; in the depth of night; day in and day outday after dayday by dayat nightsin the twilight ofin the dusk ofat the dawn of23. 虚拟语气 (情态动词表示推测、判断等)过去分词独立结构She gazed at the fish pond, her hands clasped to her breast.并列连词和逗点错误：and, but, so, for, yet, or, nor24. 虚拟语气 (should) +do)1）用于动词后的宾语从句中：做demand, suggest, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire, advise, rule, urge, stipulate, intend, resolve等动词的宾语I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf.2）用于主语从句中，常见于：it is/was important/necessary/desirable/imperative/advisable/essential/obligatory/urgent/vital/natural/wrong, etc. that或it is/was desired/ suggested/ settled/proposed/requested/decided, etc. thatIt is important that we should speak politely.It is settled that she should leave for New York very soon.3) 用于表语从句和同位语从句中，主句或解释说明的名词通常是: suggestion, proposal, idea, insistence, etc.My suggestion is that we should tell him the news immediately.There was a proposal that college graduates be encouraged to start their own businesses.动词过去式表示虚拟1）He wished he could have ten days off next month.2) It is time we went to school.3) He would rather his wife worked in the same department as he does.25. than, as 做为（准）关系代词Children should not have more money than is needed.Few people than we had expected were present. As many children as came here were my fathers pupils.You shall have as much money as you need.This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. But也可以做准关系代词，但是句中必须有否定的字，如no, not, scarcely等There is no one but has a few faults. (There is no one that has not a few faults.)There is nothing in the world but is not influenced by the sun. There is scarcely a child but likes candy.26句子结构、时态、主语从句That we are short of money is known to everyone but us.Whether the proposal will be accepted remains to be seen.What you suggested has been weighing on me.27. concernAs far as the Marxists are concerned, the French Revolution has a holy significance.主句主语、从句主语When rescued, he was almost dead.He was attacked by two men in uniform while crossing the street. 28ad hocalma mater alumnus, alumni alumna, alumnae Anno Domini; A.D. Antebellum; ante bellumante meridiem; a.m post meridiem; p.m. bona fidecarpe diemcirca; c.de factoerratumet cetera; etchabeas corpusid est; i.e. perper annum; p.a.per capitaper sepost-mortempost scriptum; p.s. status quoterra firmaverbatimversus; vs.; v.viavice versaadieuau pairavant-gardebellebelles-lettresblondblondebrunetteclichcritiquecuisineen routefiancfiancefin de siclegenrelaissez-fairemilieumotifpar excellencepetitrendez-voussouvenirtte-ttetoilettevis-vis29. See, hear, feel, watch, notice, perceive, behold, observe, look at, listen to等感知动词Have you ever seen her dance?I never heard him speak English.He was never heard to speak English.I never heard anyone speak Russian.I never heard Russian spoken.I watched him crossing the street and getting onto a bus.Survive He survived his wife for many years.Few survived after the flood.Escape To escape from: The bird escaped from the cage.To escape sth./doing sth.: She was trying to escape shouldering the responsibilities to her aged parents.bury(宾语或是主语补足语)In the story, the brother buried his sister alive.His sister was buried alive.A narrow escape from deathA narrow victoryA narrow margin30-34, 36 词的辨析（词素）35. 关系代词之前 some/any/few/many/most/all/half/none/neither/both/either/each/enough/one, etc. +of+whom/whichHer sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her every week.He gave several opinions, only a few of which were valid.the +n+ of whichWe bought an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay.The professor has assigned the students a research paper, the purpose of which is to acquaint them with methods of scholarly research.WhoseThe man whose opinions I respect most is my father.I am from a country whose history goes back thousands of years.37. 强调句型It is he who received the majority of the votes.It is speed that causes accidents, not bad roads.13比较，倍数As前面可以有half, a quarter, twice, three times等Youre not half as clever as you think you are.We got three times as many people as we expected.倍数形容词比较级 + than The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of The newly broadened square is four times the size of the old one. The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. Im twice/ double his age. Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp. The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. The price of TVs are twofold down over these years. The output of the factory doubled/trebled last year./The factory doubled/trebled its output last year.39数量Tens of thousands of Hundreds and hundreds of 成百倍Hundreds of thousands ofHundreds/thousands/millions ofBy (the) hundreds/thousands, etc.Several hundredsDozens ofScores ofIn ones fortiesIn the 1990s/1999sTwo thirdsOne third40. 动词不定式和分词，主句和从句主语的一致。词的辨析deprecate; implicate; depreciate; appreciate;amiable， amicable， arable, charitable, effable，stable，viable， contract， intact， enact, extract, subtract fail， frail， hail， jail， assail， curtail， detail， retail， prevail faint， saint， taintbangle, strangle， wrangle，dangle， mangle， tangle，untangle， decant， scant， dormant， mordant， giant，benignant， indignant， pregnant， stagnant， parable， parallel， paramount， parade，disparage，discourage, rage, enragecomparable， comparative， compatible, compunctious, competitiveseparate， disparate, , desperate, segregate, aggregateparalysis， paraphrase, parallel, paramount, parameterabate，abdicate，advocate，allocate，debate, dedicate，delicate， indicate，intricate，intoxicate，vindicate daunt， gaunt， haunt， flaunt， taunt， vaunt accede， concede， recede， precede， exceed， proceed， succeed accent， innocent，scent，ascent， descent， decent， accept， concept， except， incept， intercept， percept， precept， concern， discern， circuitous， circular，circulate， circumscribe， circumspect ，circumvent concise， incise， incisor， precise， acclaim， declaim， disclaim， exclaim， proclaim， reclaim， counterfeit， counterpart， counteract， cry， mimicry， outcry， decry， incur， concur， curb， curd， curt， cursory， meddle， middle， muddle， saddle， accident， incident， ardent， evident， indent， Occident， pendent， prudent， rodent， addict， contradict， indict， interdict， predict， verdict， adduce，conduce，induce，reduce，seduce，traduce， abduct， aqueduct， conduct， deduct， induct， bear， forbear， overbear， shear， nuclear， smear， rear， swearcease， decease， disease， lease， release， appease， crease， tease， grease， heave， upheaval， cleave， reave， bereave， weave， career， queer， eery， jeer， fleer， sneer， peer， pioneer， sheer， steer， veer， volunteer， deign， reign， feign，foreign， congenial， genial， menial， merge， emerge， immerge， submerge， verge， converge， diverge， access， excess， process， confess， profess， bless， mess， address， redress， aggress， congress， digress， regress， progress， compress， depress， empress， express， impress， oppress， repress， suppress， stress， assess， obsess， possess， affluence， confluence， influence， affluent， confluent， influent， haggle， smuggle， struggle， aught, fraught， haughty，naught, naughty， slaughter， field， shield， yield， wield， abolish，admonish， anguish，blemish, banish, cherish， demolish， embellish，extinguish， flourish ，furbish， furnish， garnish， lavish， ravish，languish， nourish， relinquish，replenish，polish，punish，sluggish， tarnish ， vanish，varnish， vanquish， rubbish， snobbish， altitude ，latitude ， longitude，aptitude，inaptitude， attitude， decrepitude， fortitude， gratitude， magnitude，multitude， plentitude， solicitude， solitude， abject， eject， deject， reject， project， collapse， elapse, lapse, relapse， elicit， implicit， explicit， s