北师大版高二选修七教案：Unit 21 period 9 grammar.doc

2018-2019学年北师大版高二选修七教案：unit 21 period 9grammar虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用虚拟语气表示所表示的不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。这种句式较为复杂，因为它主句和从句的动词时、体形式和它们所表示的实际时间不符合，这些对学生学习造成一定困难。现在让我们来学习虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用。条件从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式( be一般用were )would( should, could, might )+动词原形与将来事实相反动词过去式或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形would( should, could, might )+动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would( should, could, might ) + have+过去分词（ 注 ）美国英语的主句，不管主语是什么人称，皆常用would。1 与现在事实相反：条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式( be一般用were )，主句的谓语用would( should , could , might ) +动词原形。if i were you, i shouldnt do that.如果我是你，我就不那么做。if everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每一个国人都懂得急救，那么许多人的生命是可以挽救的。2 与将来事实相反：条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式( be一般用were )， 或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would ( should , could , might ) + 动词原形。if he came tomorrow, we could ask him.如果他明天来，我们就能问问他。if it should rain, the crop would be saved.如果天下雨的话，庄稼就有救了。if it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.如果明天下雪，他们就不去了。3 与过去事实相反：条件从句的谓语用 had + 过去分词，主句的谓语用would ( should , could , might ) + have + 过去分词。if the hurricane had happened during the day time, there would have been many more deaths.如果飓风发生在白天，那么死亡人数还会多得多。i would have called you if i had known your telephone number.如果我当时知道你的号码，我就给你打电话了。在实际运用过程中，虚拟语气会有以下情况：1 如果条件状语从句中有were , had , should , 有时可以把if省略掉，把were , had , should放在主语前。例如：were i twenty now, i would join the army.如果我现在是二十岁，我就参军。had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded.如果我们之前作了很大努力的话，我们就可能成功。should mr. smith call what would you say?如果史密斯先生来电话你怎么说呢？2含蓄条件句：假设的情况并不以条件从句表示而是通过一介词短语( without , but for , otherwise 等 )表示。例如：without electricity human life would be quite different today.如果没有电，人类现在的生活就会是另外的样子。but for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。3有时，条件从句表示的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。如：一个是过去发生，一个是现在发生的，这时动词的形式根据表示的时间来调整。例如：if you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.如果你身体好一些，我就会让你和他们一道干这工作了。if the doctor hadnt tried their best to save you, you wouldnt be standing here now.如果医生没有全力救你，你现在就不会站在这了。 the champs ely sees the champs ely sees (elysian fields) were originally nothing but fields, until marie de medicis decided in 1616 to put up a long tree-lined pathway. in 1667, le notre extended the vista of the tuileries and the champs-ely sees became a very fashionable place to walk. in 1724, the avenue was extended up to chaillot hill, now the site of the arc de triomphe and the etoile. the actual avenue of the champs-ely sees did not become city property until 1828, when they added footpaths and fountains. they also added gas lighting at this time.today, the champs ely sees is one of the most famous streets in the world, with its cinemas, cafe, and luxury specialty shops. this special status made it the site of much growth and activity. at the very heart of paris, it is one of the most symbolic places in the city, representative of its spirit and glory.jules verne (1828-1905)enormously popular french author, the founding father of science fiction with h.g. wells. vernes stories, written for adolescents as well as adults, caught the enterprising spirit of the 19th century, its uncritical fascination about scientific progress and inventions. his works were often written in the form of a travel book, which took the readers on a voyage to the moon in from the earth to the moon (1865) or to another direction as in a journey to the center of the earth (1864). many of vernes ideas have been hailed as prophetic. among his best-known books is the classic adventure story around the world in eighty days (1873).jules verne was born and raised in the port of nantes. his father was a prosperous lawyer. to continue the practice, verne moved to paris, where he studied law. his uncle introduced him into literary circles and he started to publish plays under the influence of such writers as victor hugo and alexandre dumas (fills), whom verne also knew personally. lonard de vinci, which he wrote at the age of 23, was not published until 1995. the play, later renamed jocund and then monna lisa was about the love between leonardo da vinci and his beautiful model, the wife of a florentine gentleman. vernes one-act comedy the broken straws was performed in paris when he was 22. in spite of busy writing, verne managed to pass his law degree. during this period verne suffered from digestive problems which then recurred at intervals through his life.in 1854 charles baudelaire translated edgar allan poes works into french. verne became one of the most devoted admirers of the american author, and wrote his first science fiction tale, an voyage in balloon (1851), under the influence of poe. later verne would write a sequel to poes unfinished novel, narrative of a gordon pym, entitled the sphinz of the ice-fileds (1897). when his career as an author progressed slowly, verne turned to stock broking, an occupation which he held until his successful tale five weeks in a balloon (1863) in the series voyages extraordinaires. verne had met in 1862 pierre jules hetzel, a publisher and writer for children, who started to publish vernes extraordinary journeys. this cooperation lasted until the end of vernes career. hetzel had also worked with balzac and george sand. he read vernes manuscripts carefully and did not hesitate to suggest corrections. one of vernes early works, paris in the twentieth century, was turned down by the publisher, and it did not appear until 1997 in english.liu xiangliu xiang after his win at the 10th chinese national games (jiro mochizuki-agence shot) during the course of nearly 16 months since liu xiang became olympic 110m hurdles champion, equaling the world record in athens, we have reported on a whirlwind of awards and accolades which have blown in the direction of the 22-year-old shanghai born star. as the first ever male chinese athlete to win a gold medal in olympic track and field history, liu xiang has been feted throughout this country of one billion inhabitants. as well as receiving lucrative sponsorship contracts which have placed him in the top-three in the national earnings list for entertainers and sports celebrities, a school text book, and a short theatrical play have been devised around his life. he has also taken up a national publicity role fronting a campaign to increase public awareness about environmental protection, and also a civic position as an ambassador to promote his home city of shanghai. key name the world championship silver medalist, who is currently the iaaf world ranked number 4 for his event, continues to do no wrong in his role as a national icon. last month a brown sculpture based on his world record finish in athens went on display at a park in shanghai. then early in december a chinese internet search engine b released a list of its most popular keywords according to hits from internet users, and yes, youve guessed it, the hottest sports name was “liu xiang”. liu xiangs stardom is soaring, which is somewhat appropriate given that “xiang” in chinese means to fly. yet while he couldnt manage quite enough strength to swoop ahead of frenchman ladji doucour this summer in helsinki, in the academic field nothing has been left to chance. liu xiang has recently been fast tracked into a doctoral programme of study at the school of sports and health care at the east china normal university, without having to provide any intellectual credentials. chinas xinhua news agency, reporting on liu xiangs unconditional acceptance onto the course quoted the words of the shanghai daily, “such is a very chinese logic - the authority and honour one gains in a certain field prevails,