The Role of Teachers in Teaching English.doc

教师在英语教学中应起到的作用The Role of Teachers in Teaching English 姓名： 吴玥 学号： 12102010112 专业： 英语 班级： 汉本一班 二一五 年 六 月 二十八 日教师在英语教学中应起到的作用吴玥2012级汉本一班摘要：教师在教学中起着重要且不可替代的作用。本篇论文说明了教师在执教过程中应扮演的多重角色，尤其是外语教师在教学过程中应达到的相应要求。高素质的教师在课堂上不应当只局限于传递知识，还要依据情境扮演好以下角色：良师益友，促进者，参与者，学习者等重要角色，同时也要对学生进行文化和道德层次的引导。关键词：教师的角色；教学方法；英语教学；引导The Role of Teachers in Teaching EnglishWu YueSchool of Foreign Languages, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000Abstract：the teacher plays a significant and irreplaceable part in education. This paper demonstrates the multiple roles that teachers play, especially language teachers in the process of teaching. The good teacher never works as mere deliver information, but take on the roles as mentor, facilitator, participant, guide in cultural teaching and morality, and learner as well. Key words： teachers role, teaching methods, teaching in English, guide. Introduction: English class is different from other classes for the teacher, the atmosphere and the cultural background. So I think the role of English teacher is rich. There have been great changes in the theories and practices of foreign language teaching over the last ten years. There are now many new trends in foreign language teaching and learning. All of the changes have resulted in English teachers rich role. Since every individual student is an integrated body, the teacher should take into consideration all kinds of the cognitive, affective as well as social factors that involve learning. Language teachers should also pay attention to foster the right attitude of students towards different cultures. . Variety roles as an English teacherTeachers and students are two parts in language teaching. While students are the main body, teachers play a predominant role, because of students ages, character, psychology and lack of English knowledgeThe latest Course Standards for middle school English teaching stipulate that teachers work is to motivate students interest in English, cultivate students sense of success, guide students to form good learning habit, enable them to communicate smoothly and develop sound value towards learning and living. Teachers guidance is the basis and premise for students to realize the goalIn English language teaching，teachers should work hard to guide students, so as to get them to be involved into learning process，learn to probe, be interested in studies, and learn to learn on their own, and at last turn the still knowledge from books into dynamic abilityTeachers play multiple roles in English language teaching: They are knowledge conveyers, supplying students language knowledge and skills; they are helpers, helping students get English information and analyze it, and helping students to learn, and solve problems; They are companions，staying by students side; they are organizers，organizing activities for students; And they are controllers, making sure students are disciplined in the classroom1.1 The Teacher as an OrganizerThe most important and difficult role that a teacher plays is that of an organizer. In the most cases, the success of many teaching activities depends on good organization and clear instruction of the teacher. If the students have not understood what they are supposed to do or the teacher issues confusing instructions, they will not be able to perform the task satisfactorily and it is possible to waste much time. When the teacher plays the role of organizer, his job is to organize the activity as efficiently as possible. Organizing includes leading-in, instruction, initiation, and feedback, frequently checking whether the students have understood.1. 2 The Teacher as AssessorThen, the teacher as assessor is also critical for the english teacher. Because it is clear that a major part of a teachers job is to assess the students work, to gauge how well they are performing or how well they performed. The teacher should make a distinction between correcting and organizing feedback. When the teacher corrects students error and mistake, he must pay attention to the tactics according to different stages and activities. 1.3 The Teacher as PrompterThe students often need to be encouraged to participate or to be given suggestions about how they may perform in an activity, where silence occurs or when they are in confusion of what to do next .Then the teacher should give the appropriate prompts so that the task or activity may continue. Therefore, it is unavoidable for the teacher to play the role as prompter. For instance, when a student is hesitating over an answer, the teacher can supply some hints; when a student finishes with a short answer, the teacher may elicit more with prompting questions like “Any more” Yes, but why”? But the teacher should keep in mind that the role of prompter has to be performed with discretion and that he should help the students when it is necessary, or the activity will be fossilized if the teacher is to aggressive.1.4 The Teacher as Resource PersonThe resource role implies that the students take the initiative to come to the teacher and the teacher is ready to offer advice and counsel whenever the students seek it. Of course, it is not practical for the teacher simply to walk into a classroom and say something like “well, what would you like to learn today?” Some degree of control or planning and managing the classroom is essential. Furthermore, the teacher should withhold his readiness to provide resource if the students are supposed to work on their own.1.5 The Teacher as controllerAs sometimes expected in traditional education institutions, the teacher plays the role of master controller when he is always in charge of every moment in the classroom. It is an important element to introduce some control when the teacher is successfully carrying out interactive techniques. When planning, a wise teacher will carefully design how a technique will be implemented, map out the initial input, give specific directions and calculate the timing of a technique. The teacher just gives the direction and the general content of the study in a certain class. The specific forms of learning and the details of learning content are decided by the students themselves. So the role of this kind of controller is helpful during the accurate reproduction stage and even in the most cooperative interactive classroom, the teacher should maintain some control simply to organize the class hour. To a large extent, this can promote the ability of self-learning.1.6 The Teacher as PsychologistIn fact when teaching, the teacher often plays a role of a psychologist. He should treat each student equally so that the students receive s sense of security and produce cooperation. The teacher should actively study the secondary school students psychological characteristics and learn about their psychological trends to promptly help students adjust mentality. For example, the teacher can encourage the students to write diaries on free topics to express what they want so that the pressure from learning and life will be relieved. The teacher may also help the students analyze the cause of frequent forgetting and find the tips of firm memory to solve the difficulty of memorizing words. Due to the fact that english learners in China become anxious easily, the teacher should help them to eliminate anxiety. And the teacher may also tune and justify the students psychology before an exam to prevent them from the syndrome of anxiety. . Teachers s role in the listening teaching Although the importance of listening in peoples daily life has been recognized， the traditional listening teaching in China is not effective，probably because of the education system. Teachers pay little attention to it and many of them even neglect the listening skill. It neglects the real communicative ability. But the teachers also have their own difficulty；it is very hard to find a proper， interesting and latest authentic material for students to listen. 2.1 Some effective ways in teaching English listening in middle school Jeremy Harmer （2000：25） said：“Listening is a skill and any help we can give students in performing that skill will help them to be better listener.”The teachers should pay more attention to guide the students to develop their listening skills. We need to choosing proper listening materials. Besides, as the subject of the materials are various， the students should listen to a wide variety of English materials， dialogues， broadcast， stories， discussions， poems， songs， inducing all the wide life materials and the natural science. The teachers not only should finish the “listening task ”after the text， but also should listen to “New concept English， Family Album USA or VOA， BBC” and other English programmers.2.1.1 Creating a relaxing classroom atmosphere The teachers try their best to create a flexible classroom atmosphere. This is allusion to that the students are short of the learning atmosphere. Classroom is the mostimportant place for students to study. A good learning atmosphere will promote the efficiency of study， so the teachers play an important role to create a flexible classroom atmosphere.2.1.2 Making good use of multi-media technologies Multimedia such as video， internet are useful teaching aid which have commonly been adopted recently， especially the internet is a supercharged medium of conversation and a powerful vehicle of information. Teachers s role in the speaking teaching Many students oral English ability remains far less desirable and most of them still cannot communicate effectively in English. Using the role of teachers in oral English teaching to improve the level of students oral English is very important. Starting from the problems of teachers in training/fostering the students oral communicative competence.3.1As aparticipator A good teacher of English is also students communicative partner. His frequent participation in students activities in equal capacity will bring confidence to students and get rid of their worries.3.2 Giving directions When students are assigned tasks to talk in the class, teacher must give explicit directions. Most students can go on their talking and discussion when they get a task, but some who are poor in listening and speaking may feel at a loss what do and tend to keep silent and passive in group work. On this occasion, the teacher needs to observe carefully and try to find out who are frustrated by the task.3.3 Asking questions When students are reluctant to ask questions, teacher can ask them questions first. Questioning is one of the important skills in communication. To inspire students to question in different ways, teacher should give examples. For instance, he can pick out some students to ask what they think about the problem they are discussing, or why do they think the topic is useful/useless. 3.4 Giving summaries When tasks are finished, teacher can give a brief summary on how well the students have been doing. Teachers role in a learner-centered English class is not weakened but strengthened, only in a different way. To take part in the students when they are talking can help to solve problems immediately. . Teachers s role in the reading teaching The teacher should provide enough guidance and assistance at the beginning to help students read and develop reading strategies but gradually withdraw his/her guidance as the students progress so that they eventually become independent readers.4.1 What strategies should teacher provide in reading comprehension Reading comprehension involves extracting the relevant information from the text as efficiently as possible, connecting the information from the written message with ones own knowledge to arrive at an understanding. Reading is a silent and individual activity since the writers intention was for the text to be read rather than heard. There are two broad levels in the act of reading: i) a recognition task of perceiving visual signals form the printed pages through the eyes; ii) a cognitive task of interpreting the visual information, relating the received information with the readers own general knowledge, and reconstructing the meaning that the writer had meant to convey.4.2 Principles and models for teaching reading When teaching reading, great care should be taken regarding how we should teach, which involves materials selection, task design, student motivation and skills development. Below are some principles for teaching reading.4.3 Teachers s role in the writing teaching Writing competence in a foreign language tends to be one of the most difficult skills to acquire. This is true for English as well. The key to successful writing classes is that they are pragmatic in nature targeting the skills required or desired by students.The teacher should be clear on what skills he/she is trying to develop. Next, the teacher needs to decide on which means (or type of exercise) can facilitate learning of the target area. Once the target skill areas and means of i