外研版高二英语必修五学案：Module 1 SectionⅡ Language Points (Ⅰ).doc

section language points () (introduction & reading and speaking)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1when you leave the room，please turn off all the switches(开关)2the customers made a number of rude remarks(评论) about the goods on sale.3to my delight，the students worked very hard and were making progress steadily(不断地；持续地)4every day i have to queue up at the bus stop to go to work.5the foreign speaks english with a very strong australian accent6comparing the two photographs，i could hardly tell the difference between the twins.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的obviously adv.显然地，显而易见地2confuse vt.使困惑confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confused adj.感到困惑的confusion n困惑3vary v改变；使变化various adj.各种各样的variety n种类variation n变化4differ vi.不同，有区别different adj.不同的，有区别的differently adv.不同地，有区别地difference n不同；区别寻规律、巧记忆adj.lyadv.表示“声音”的名词steadily 不断地；持续地obviously 显然地，显而易见地rapidly 迅速地accent 口音voice 声音；嗓音noise 噪音.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1have .in common有相同的特点2make a difference 有影响，使不相同3get around 到处走动(旅行)4be similar to 与相似5have difficulty(in)_doing sth. 做某事有困难6lead to 引起；导致.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1we have so much in_common that we should get along very well.2as we all know，success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to failure.3im glad that your view on the matter is_similar_to mine.4the government calls on people to get_around by using public transport.5we should try our best to help those who have_difficulty_(in) studying english.6they are now in great need of help.so your support will certainly make_a_difference寻规律、巧记忆getprep./adv.动词短语to为介词的短语get around 四处走动(旅行)get through 通过；拨通(电话)get over 克服lead to 引起；导致be/get used to 习惯于look forward to 期待；盼望.经典句式仿写背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english.老师讲英式英语还是美式英语没有太大差别。it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether .or .引导的主语从句。你去不去都没有关系。it doesnt matter whether_you_will_go_or_not.2.americans use a flashlight ，while for the british，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。她强烈反对这项计划，而她的丈夫却表示支持。she is strongly against the plan while_her_husband_is_in_favor_of_it.3.this nonstop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。makeitadj./n.不定式/that从句，其中it为形式宾语。两个人之间的误解使得他们很难交流。the misunderstanding between the two made_it_difficult_for_them_to_communicate_with_each_other.4.but it has also led to lots of american words and structures passing into british english，so that some people now believe that british english will disappear.但它也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。so that引导结果状语从句。we moved to the countryside so_that_we_were_away_from_the_noisy_and_dull_city.我们搬到了乡下，从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市。5.users of english will all be able to understand each otherwherever they are.说英语的人无论在哪里都能够彼此了解。wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么地方”。无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。wherever_you_work，you can always find time to study.核 心 要 点 探 究 have .in common有相同的特点(教材p1)we have really everything in common with america nowadays，except of course，language.当然除了语言，我们现在确实和美国一切都是相同的。(1)have a lot/much/a great deal in common with与有很多共同之处have nothing/little in common with与没有/很少有共同之处(2)in common with. 与一样(3)common sense 常识although they are good friends，they had little in common with each other.尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们几乎没有共同之处。anyone with common sense is able to make the right decision when facing the situation.当面对这种情况时，任何有常识的人都会做出正确选择。in common with other middleaged people i like jogging in the morning.与其他中年人一样，我喜欢早上慢跑。 make a difference 有影响，使不相同(教材p1)it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english.老师讲英式英语还是美式英语没有太大差别。make much/a great/big difference to对有很大影响make no/little difference to对没有/几乎没有影响tell the difference between .辨别出之间的不同之处i will try my best to change the situation，even if it makes little difference.我将会尽力改变现状，即使影响很小。exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。the twins look so alike that you can hardly tell the difference between them.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法将他们区分开来。名师点津在make a difference中，虽然difference前面有不定冠词a，但difference在此短语中为不可数名词，所以可以说make much/little difference。 get around到处走动(旅行)；(消息、谣言等)传播开来；说服；回避(教材p2).maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(british) or cab(american)你也许愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。一词多义写出下列句子中get around的意思good news never goes beyond the gate，while bad news gets around quickly.传播开来shes trying to get around her father to buy her a new car.说服its hard to get around in some foreign cities if you dont know the language.到处走动(旅行)you cant get around the fact that the pollution is becoming more and more serious.回避get along/on with与相处；进展get down to 开始认真(做某事)get across (使)被理解；(使)被接受get through 通过；拨通(电话)get over 克服i tried calling you several times，but i couldnt get through我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。 (教材p2)americans use a flashlight，while for the british，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。【要点提炼】此句中while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。(1)while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”，while从句中常用延续性动词。(2)while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although，此时while从句一般位于句首。while he was reading the newspaper，he heard someone knocking at the door.当他读报纸的时候，听到有人敲门。while/although/though we are not rich，we are still willing to help the people in trouble.虽然我们并不富裕，我们仍然愿意帮助处于困境中的人。 confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的(教材p2)sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.有时，同一个单词的意思有稍微的不同，这会令人困惑。(1)confuse vt.使困惑；使难以理解confuse .with . 把与混淆(2)confused adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的be confused about . 对迷惑不解(3)confusion n. 困惑；混淆in confusion 困惑地；乱七八糟im sorry i dont know you.maybe you confuse me with someone else.对不起，我不认识你，或许你把我和别人弄混了。all your changes of plan have made me totally confused(confuse)你把计划改来改去，都把我搞糊涂了。she was very angry with her husband because he made their rooms in confusion.她非常生她丈夫的气，因为他把房间弄得乱七八糟。语境助记they confused me by asking so many confusing questions.i was totally confused，standing there in confusion，not knowing what to do.他们提了如此多令人费解的问题，把我难住了，我完全困惑了，茫然地站在那里，全然不知所措。 compare vt.比较，对照；比作n比较(教材p2)prepositions，too，can be different: compare on the team，on the weekend(american) with in the team，at the weekend(british)介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式) 和in the team，at the weekend(英式)(1)compare .with . 把和相比较compare .to . 把比作compared to/with . 和相比(通常作状语)(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比，举世无双(3)comparison n. 比较dont compare your strength with others weakness，which is meaningless.不要拿你的强项和别人的弱项相比，那没有意义。shakespeare compares the world to a stage in his works.莎士比亚在他的作品中把这个世界比作舞台。compared(compare) with/to our small flat，bills house seemed like a palace.和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是一座宫殿。 differ vi.不同，有区别(教材p2)the other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.这两种变体相互区别的地方是拼写和发音。(1)differ from与不同differ in 在方面不同differ with/from sb.on / about/over sth. 在某事上与某人意见不同(2)different adj. 不同的；相异的be different from.in. 在方面与不同things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.things in the world are different from each other in a thousand ways.世界上的事物是千差万别的。people differ from_ one another in their ability to deal with stress.在应对压力方面人们各不相同。we differ with/from your opinion on/about/over that point.在那个问题上我们和你的意见不一致。 教师独具from the appearance，we cant tell the difference between the twins，though they always have some different ideas.as for this phenomenon，ideas differ among many people.从外貌上看，我们区分不开这对双胞胎，虽然他们总是有些不同的观点。就这种现象来说，许多人的观点也不尽相同。 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难(教材p2)a londoner has more difficulty understanding a scotsman from glasgow than understanding a new yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 在某方面有困难there is difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难because of your coming，i think there is no difficulty (in) finishing the task on time.由于你的到来，我想按时完成这项任务没有困难了。i have much difficulty with maths and i am worried about it.我在数学上有很大的困难，我对此感到很担心。名师点津高考中，常将have difficulty doing sth.句式中的difficulty提前作先行词，因此定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。you cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems.你想象不到我们处理这些问题时所遇到的困难。 (教材p3)this nonstop communication，the experts think，has made_it_easier_for_british_people_and_americans_to_understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。【要点提炼】“made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other”是“make宾语宾补”的结构，其中it为形式宾语。(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：makeitadj./n.(for sb.) to do sth.makeitadj./n.that .从句(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。wherever he is，he makes it a rule to give his mother a call every day.无论他在哪里，他习惯每天给妈妈打个电话。he found it very important for students to_learn(learn) english well.他发现对于学生来说学好英语很重要。we thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.我们认为把孩子独自一个人留在家里是不对的。 lead to引起，导致；通向(to为介词)(教材p3)but it has also led to lots of american words and structures passing into british english，so that some people now believe that british english will disappear.但它也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英国英语将会消失。(1)lead sb.to sp.带领某人到某地lead to sb./sth.doing sth. 使得某人/某物做某事lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事(2)lead a.life 过着的生活lead the way 带头，先行the path will lead you to the railway station.你走这条路可以到火车站。i want to know what led you to_take(take) up acting as a career.我想知道是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的。the new evidence led to the high official being_arrested(arrest)新的证据使得这位高官被逮捕。 名师点津除lead to外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，result in，bring about等。解构长句难句1(教材p2)when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and the americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为he was obviously thinking about the differences，when引导时间状语从句，其中含有that引导的同位语从句，过去分词短语divided by a common language作后置定语，修饰nations。【翻译】当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳讲那句名言“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”的时候，他显然想到了它们之间的区别。2(教材p3)however，if you turn on cnn，the american tv network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents american，british，australian，and even spanish.【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句为you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents，破折号后面的部分作different accents的同位语，if引导条件状语从句，其中the american tv network作cnn的同位语。【翻译】然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目cnn，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1comparing(compare) this car with that one，you will find clear differences.2buses，trains and planes make it convenient for peop