福师1108考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案.doc

本复习题页码标注所用教材为：现代语言学教程孙丽红主书如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点福师1108考试批次现代语言学复习题一及参考答案教学中心 专业 学号 姓名 成绩 注：考试时间为100分钟I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (1.5*10=15)题号123 45678910答案FFFTFFTFTF1. Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.考核知识点：linguistics，参见P3-102. Language is only linearly-structured.考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-103.Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon but not a context-dependent behavior. 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-104.General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-105.Some languages are superior to other languages. 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-56.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves. 参见P437.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.参见P338.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.参见P309.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.参见P1910.Language is entirely arbitrary. 参见P3-10II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (1.5*10=15)题号123 45678910答案DDCABCADAB1. The vowel u: in fu:d (food) is _ vowel.A. back B. front C. unrounded D. central2. Application of the transformational rules yields _ structure.A. phrase D. deep C. prelexical D. surface 3. Of all the speech organs, the _ is / are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords4. Transformational rules do not change the basic _ of sentences. A. form B. structure C. sound pattern D. meaning5._ variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation.A. Regional B. Social C. Stylistic D. Idiolectal6.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of _.A. tongue B. hard palate C. soft palate D. vocal cords7Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called _ morphemes.A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational8. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as _.A. performance B. language acquisitionC. cultural transmission D. competence9. The sound s and z are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and _ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palate B. uvula C. alveolar ridge D. soft palate10._ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geography B. Applied linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Comparative linguisticsIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. through _Through参见P19-222. treated _Treat+ed参见P19-223. speeches _Speech+es参见P19-224. meaningless _Mean+ing+less参见P295. mistreatment _Mi+streat+ment参见P33IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. language 参考答案：Language in general is concerned with the things，the features，the features，the properties thatall languages in particular share in commonIf we look at language in general，we can see thedefinition of language varies in time and its different undexstandings of the nature of languagesAs we know, before the Renaissance，language studies were usually theological in nature参见P32. consonant参考答案：Consonarlts are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere(ieplace of articulation)in t11e vocal tract so that airflow is either completely blocked，or so restricted that audible friction ispr-oduced(iemanner of articulation)and the sounds may or may not involve the vibration of the vocal folds(ievoicing)参见P133. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P224. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. What is duality? What is the relationship between two levels of language?考核知识点：Drality of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.there are at least two different interpretations of the two levels.First,lets look at Lyonsinterpretation:“Phonological and morphological,involving little consideration lf meaning conveyance.”Thismodel focuses on phonology and morphology and trise to answer two questions:“How phonemes are arranged in the language?How morphemes,which are composed of various phonemes,are arranged in the language?”参见P82. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(iethe inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolizeWe know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningfulThere is no physical，logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand forIt is inexplicableWe cant explain why the English people usewaterto refer to the stuff in this bottleSimilarly,we cant explain why the Chinese people use“水”to refer to the stuffSo language is arbitrary in nature福师1108考试批次现代语言学复习题二及参考答案I. Decide I.whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each) 1、Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222、Some languages are superior to other languages. 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-53、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-104、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-105、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-106、Some languages are not superior to other languages. 考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-107、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 考核知识点：Compounds，参见P19-228、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.考核知识点：utterance meaning，参见P35-409、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.考核知识点：morphemes，参见P19-2210、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.考核知识点：morphemes，参见P19-22参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (15 points, 1.5 points for each) 1. _produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible. A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic考核知识点：参考答案D2.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say night as light.This shows: . A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds考核知识点：参考答案B3. A word with several meanings is called _word. A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple考核知识点：参考答案A4. The sound s and z are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and _ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palate B. uvula C. alveolar ridge D. soft palate考核知识点：soft palate，参见P10-145. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geography B. Applied linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Comparative linguistics考核知识点：Sociolinguistics，参见P416、A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairs B. allophones C. phones D. allomorphs 考核知识点：phoneme，参见P15-197、_ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.A. Competence B. Performance C. Learning D. Acquisition考核知识点：second language learning，参考答案C8、_ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. Speaking B. Speech C. Sound D. Spoken考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P359. A _ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it. A. semantic B. syntactic C. pragmatic D. grammatical考核知识点：semantics，参见P28-3510.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen_A. morpheme B. syntactic C. pragmatic D. grammatical考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22参考答案：1-5D B A A B6-10C C A A AIII.Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _ _考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. teachers _ _考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography _ _考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme_ _考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic_ _考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P282. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P153. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P125. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P16V. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples. 考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakersTheformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requires considerable motivation on the part of the speakerPidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communitiesPidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old daysPidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal or similar status ofanyhumannatural language2. Explain language production with some examples. 考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We dont know how thoughts are turned intospeech)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we produce speech) Following Carrolls model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(Youre actually saying what you want to say)福师1108考试批次现代语言学复习题三及参考答案I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each) 1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.考核知识点：what is linguistics，参见P1-32、 There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.考核知识点：stage of language acquisition，参见P483、 A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.考核知识点：sentence，参见P304、 A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.考核知识点：locutionary act，参见P385、 Language is entirely arbitrary.考核知识点：language，参见P56、Language is not only linearly-structured.考核知识点：what is language，参见P3-107、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 考核知识点：Compounds，参见P19-228、All utterances take the form of sentences.考核知识点：utterance meaning，参见P35-409、Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.考核知识点：morphemes，参见P19-2210、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.考核知识点：morphemes，参见P19-22参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each) 1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use考核知识点：参考答案B2.The pair of words lendand borroware _. A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms考核知识点：参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar . A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones考核知识点：参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _. A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural考核知识点：参考答案D5.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of _.A. tongue B. hard palate C. soft palate D. vocal cords考核知识点：pharynx，参见P12参考答案C6.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called _ morphemes.A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational考核知识点：morphemes，参见P19-22参考答案A7. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as _.A. performance B. language acquisitionC. cultural transmission D. competence考核知识点：cultural transmission，参见P7参考答案D8. The function of the sentence A nice day, isnt it?is _. A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative考核知识点：参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary. A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure考核知识点：参考答案C10. _deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics考核知识点：参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P223. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41IV. Answer th