软件工程考试重点(重点).doc

1. What is software maintenance?Software maintenance is the modification（修进） of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance（性能） or other attributes（特性）, or to adapt the product to a modified environment.2. What is regression testing?Regression testing identifies new faults that may have been introduced as current ones are being corrected. A regression test is applied to a new version or release to verify that it still performs the same functions in the same manner as an older version or release.Regression test involves reusing the most important test cases from the previous levels test; if you specify regression testing in your test plan, you should also explain which test cases are to be used again.3. What is code review?A team is formed, composed of you as a programmer and three or four other technical experts; the team studies the program in an organized way to look for project supervisors.4. What is OO?OO is means Object-oriented, that is an approach to software development that organize both the problem and its solution as a collection of discrete objects; both data structure and behavior are included in the representation.5. What is a project schedule?6. What is a bug?7. What is black box and white box test?If you view the test object from the outside as a close box or black box whose contents are unknown, your testing feeds input to the closed box and notes what output is produced. In this case, the tests goal is to be sure that every kind of input is submitted, and that the output observed matches the output expected.To overcome this problem, we can instead view the test object as an open box (sometimes called clear box or white box); then we can use the structure of the test object to test in different ways. For example, we can devise test cases that execute all the statements or all the control paths within the component to be sure the test object is working properly. However, as we will see later in this chapter, it may be impractical to take this kind of approach.8. What is software engineering?Software engineering (SE) is the application of a systematic（系统）, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.9. What is CPM?10. What is function test?A function test checks that the integrated system performs its functions as specified in the requirements. For example, a function test of a bank package verifies that the package can correctly credit a deposit, enter a withdrawal, calculate interest, and print the balance, and so on.Function work as specified, perform “performance test”11. What are different types of systems?Software systems are built to incorporate change.Systems are evolutionary, Characteristics of the system change during the life of the system.Change the system S-SystemP-SystemE-System12. What are the types of documentation?A. considering the audienceB. users manualsC. operators manualsD. general system guideE. tutorials and automated system overviews.F. other system documentation 13. Draw the V-process Model?14. What is a pseudo code?Pseudo code is a compact and informal high-level description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of some programming language, but typically omits details that are not essential for the understanding of the algorithm, such as subroutines, variable declarations and system-specific ode.15. Draw and explain restructuring?.16. What are the different types of performance tests?1).Stress tests evaluate the system when stressed to its limits over a short period of time, (device/user).2). Volume tests address the handling of large amount of data in the system. (File/records)3). Configuration tests analyze the various software and hardware configurations specified in the requirements.4). Compatibility tests are needed when a system interface with other systems 5).Regression Tests are required when the system being tested is replacing an existing system.6). Security tests ensure that the security requirements are met. We test system characteristics related to availability, integrity and confidentiality of data and services7).Timing tests evaluate the requirement dealing with time to respond to user and time to perform a function8).Environment tests look at the systems ability to perform at the installation sites.9).Quality tests evaluate the systems reliability, maintainability and availability10).Recovery tests address response to the presence of faults or the loss of data, power, device or service.11).Maintenance tests address the need for diagnostic tools and procedure to help in finding the source of the problems.12).Documentation tests ensure that we have written the required documents.13).Human factors tests investigate requirements dealing with the user interface to the system. 17. What are the different types of maintenance?Corrective Maintenance: to control day-to-day function, we on the maintenance team response to faults. We find the failures cause and fix them and change requirement design, design, code, test suites and documentation. Long range repair with the design or code.Adaptive Maintenance: a change introduced in one part of the system requires changes to other parts. It can be performed for changes in software and hardware changes.Perfective Maintenance: examine documents, design, code, and tests, looking for opportunities for improvement, make changes to improve some aspects of the system. Documentation changes to clarify items, test suite changes to improve test coverage, and code and design modification to enhance readability.18. Explain bottom-up integration?One popular approach for merging components to test the larger system is called bottom-up integration. When this method is used, each component at the lowest level of the system hierarchy is tested individually first.Then, the next components to be tested are those that call the previously tested ones. This approach is followed repeatedly until all components are included in the testing.19. What is pair programming?The concept of pair programming is one of the more radical of the agile method techniques, so we examine it in more depth in this chapter. In pair programming, a pair of programmers uses a singles keyboard, display, and mouse. Each member of the pair assumes a very specific role. One person is the driver or pilot, controlling the computer and actually writing the code. The other person is the navigator, reviewing the drivers code and providing feedback. The two team members exchange roles periodically.20. Explain chief program team structure21. What is reverse engineering?22. What is a pilot test?Pilot test installs the system on an experimental basis. Pilot test rely on the everyday work of the system to test all the everyday functions.23. What is capture and replay?When test are planned, the test team must specify in a test case what input will be provided and what outcome is expected from the actions being tested.24. What is program monitors?Automated tools enable the test team to capture the state of events during the execution of a program by preserving a snapshot of conditions. These tools are sometimes called program monitors because they watch and report the programs behavior.25. What is UML?The Unified Modeling Language is a collection of a notation used to document software specifications and design, it represent system in terms of objects and methods.26. Whats the fault tolerance?27. What are the types of requirements?28. What is the difference between alpha test and beta test?29. What is design?30. Draw the waterfall model?31. Draw the process of capturing the requirements?32. What are the 7 architectural styles?33. What is installation test?The final round of testing involves installing the system at user sites. To begin installation testing, we configure the system to the user environment. We attach the proper number and kind of devices to the main processor and establish communications with other system. We allocate files and assign access to appropriate functions and data. Installation tests require us to work with the customer to determine what tests are needed on-site. The test cases assure the customer that the system is complete and that all necessary files and devices are present. The tests focus on two things: completeness of the installed system and verification of any functional or nonfunctional characteristics that may be affected by site conditions. When the customer is satisfied with the results, testing is complete and the system is formally delivered.34. What is synch and stabilize approach?35. What are the different automated maintenance tools?Tools used in maintaining softwareText editorEditor can copy code or documentation from one place to another, preventing errors when we duplicate text. Track the changes relative to a baseline file, stored in a separate file. Time-and date-stamp each text entry and provide a way to roll back from a current version of a file to a previous one.File ComparatorsCompares two fields and reports on their difference. Program reads both files and points out the discrepanciesComplier and LinkersComplier checks code for syntax faults. Linker links the code with the other components needed for running the program. Filename .h with its corresponding filename .c Tools used in maintaining softwareDebugging ToolUsed to trace the logic of the program step by step. Examine the content of the register and memory areas. Setting flags and pointersCross-reference GeneratorsRelates the requirement, design and code. Relates the effect of changes to one stage to all other stagesStatic Code analyzerCalculate information about structure attributes of the code.Configuration Management RepositoriesLibrary of information that control the change processHolds information of trouble reports36. What are users manuals and operators manuals?Users Manual Is a reference guide or tutorial for the system usersIt should be: CompleteUnderstandable Basic function to advanced function learningFind information quickly and easilyManuals describes it purpose and can refer to other documentation for more details. Manual describes the system in more detailSystem summary represents the following itemsThe systems purpose or objectivesThe systems capabilities and functionsThe systems features, characteristics and advantages, including a clear picture of what the system accomplishesOperators ManualDetails of system performance and accessProvide information to operator1. Hardware and software configurations2. Methods for granting and denying access to a user3. Procedure for adding or removing peripherals from the a system 4.Duplicating or backing up files and documents Operator manual similar to user manual1. Basic to advance2. System overview3. Detailed description of the systems purpose and functions37. What are four levels of failures severity?1). catastrophic: a failure that may cause death or system loss.2).critical: a failure that may cause severe injury or major system damage that results in mission loss.3).marginal: a failure that may cause minor injury or minor system damage that result in delay, loss of availability, or mission degradation.4).minor: a failure that may ca