全新版大学英语(二)unit 5课文语法.doc

Unit 5 True HeightBefore ReadingEnglish Song - Coming Out of the Dark2Warm-up Exercises2Background Information4Global ReadingQuestions about the Text6Scanning6Part Division of the Text.7Further Understanding.7Writing Skills.8Detailed Reading9After ReadingUseful Expressions17Talk about the Pictures17Discussion17Dictation17Sentence Translation17Writing18Quotations20Supplementary ReadingCulture Notes22Language Study22Comprehension Task25 Before Reading . English Song - Coming Out of the Dark. Gloria Estefan Born in Cuba in 1957, raised in Miami, Gloria Estefan is the second generation of the Cuban exile(被放逐者). She wrote this song on March 20, 1990 when she was recovering from a serious road accident that had left her badly injured and near to death.). Coming Out of the Dark Why be afraid if Im not aloneThough life is never easy the rest in unknownUp to now for me its been hands against stoneSpent each and every momentSearching for what to believeComing out of the dark, I finally see the light nowIts shinning on meComing out of the dark, I know the love that saved meYoure sharing with meStarting again is part of the planAnd Ill be so much stronger holding your handStep by step Ill make it through I know I canIt may not make it easier but I have felt youNear all the wayForever, forever I stand on the rock of your loveForever Ill stand on the rockForever, forever I stand on the rock of your loveLove is all it takes, no matter what we face. Questions about the Song and the Text 1. Consider the title of the song, what does “dark” refer to?(=“Dark” here may refer to 1) near death 2) loss of consciousness after the car accident 3) slow and painful recovery 4) despair. )2. How is the song related to the theme of the text?(=To get over despair after injury is also a form of overcoming obstacles.). Warm-up Exercises. Obstacles Overcoming1. Read four stories of four figures in the history to guess who they are and to see how they overcome their obstacles. The story of her is the story of a child who, at the age of 18 months, was suddenly shut off from the world, but who, against overwhelming odds(失败的可能性), waged(发动)a slow, hard, but successful battle to reenter that same world. The inarticulate little deaf and blind girl grew into a highly intelligent and sensitive woman who wrote, spoke, and labored incessantly for the betterment of others. Helen Keller2. At the age of five, she became a paraplegic(截瘫患者), but she never lost heart. Although she missed the chance to go to school, she finished all the courses of primary and secondary schools, she learned college English, Japanese, German and Esperanto(世界语) all by herself, and she assiduously(勤勉地) studied university and postgraduate courses for master degree. In 1983, she began to engage in literary creative work. Zhang Haidi3. As the 32nd president of the United States, he became president in March 1933 at the depth of the Great Depression, was reelected for an unprecedented three more terms. Despite an attack of poliomyelitis(小儿麻痹症), which paralyzed (使瘫痪)his legs in 1921, he was a charismatic(超凡魅力的) optimist whose confidence helped sustain the American people during the strains of economic crisis and world war.Franklin Roosevelt4. -1942 Born in Oxford, England. -1962 Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the University of Cambridge. -1966 Earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of Cambridge. Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research. Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓 侧索硬化). -1979 Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Isaac Newton. Stephen Hawking )Group DiscussionA. Discuss in groups the obstacles that you have been faced with in your life. B. Discuss in groups the ways in which you overcame such difficulties, C. Discuss in groups the problems that you still have in overcoming these obstacles. . BrainstormingImagine that you have received unlimited funds to start your own foundation. Brainstorm: 1. How would you like to start it? 2. Who would benefit from your foundation, and how? 3. What special programs would your foundation offer, and why? . Background Information. Olympics Organized and governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Olympic Games are the most important international sports event in the world held every four years. 1. Olympic symbol: five interlocking red, blue, yellow, black, and green circles on a white fieldrepresents the continents of the world joined in friendship2. Olympic motto: swifter, Higher, Stronger.3. Olympic Offices: Lausanne, Switzerland. 4. Main events in Olympic history:-776 B.C.392 A.D. Ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia.-1896now Modern Games began. -1912 Women are allowed to compete in the Games.-1924 Winter sports has been added to the Games.-2008 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games. Pole VaultThe pole vault (PV) is an event in track and field where athletes compete to clear the highest possible crossbar(横木)by using a vaulting pole. The basic concept is to convert horizontal energy (the run) into vertical energy (thus clearing a higher bar). Some Suggestions to Overcome Obstacles If there werent obstacles in the past you would have achieved a top score on your study or career. Its the obstacles you have faced all your life that have kept you from living a wellness lifestyle. Overcoming individual obstacles now is what is necessary for success, if you want to feel and be well. Here are some examples. 1. Get started. Often, once you begin, youll find the task is easier than you expect.2. Break your task into smaller tasks. Take one big task and break it into smaller tasks. For instance, do part of your assignment each time rather than the entire one. 3. Work with the time you have. Dont wait until you have time to do the entire thing. Instead, even if you only have five minutes, get started. 4. Set small deadlines. After meeting each deadline, give yourself a reward. For example, play video games when you finish an hour of studying. 4. Set anti-deadlines. If you dont finish your homework by 8:00, you cant watch your favorite TV program. 5. Eliminate distractions. Turn off the TV. Dont answer the phone. 7. Ask for help. Sometimes, the reason you dont start is because you dont know what to do. If thats the case, ask for help.8. Begin now. What one thing can you do right now that will move you closer to your goal?Global Reading . Questions about the Text1. What does the text title True Height mean?(=It has more than one meaning. They are:1) the new bar heights that Michael cleared one after another. 2) the tremendous obstacles Michael had overcome in attaining his goal.)2. As the text consists of the main story and a flashback, can you figure out the flashback (=The flashback is from line 11 to line 35). Scanning1. Scan the text again to find out all the instances where “work” is used as a verb and explain in English the different meaning of “ work”.(=work: v. 1) (cause to) be active or use effort or power * “ want something, work for it.” (LL. 2425) (L. 35) (L. 84) 2) be active in the proper way, without failing* “It wasnt working.” (L. 5) 3) exercise * “He worked out every other day” (L. 27) )2. Scan the whole text to find out all the words and phrases that are related to sports or stadium. And think about their Chinese equivalents. National Junior Olympics 全国少年奥林匹克运动会personal best 个人最高记录stand(s) 看台final race 赛跑决赛pole vault event 撑竿跳高项目track and field competition 田径比赛gymnast 体操运动员 body builder 健美运动员 weightlifting 举重bar 横杆inflated landing mat 充气垫 vaulter 撑竿跳高运动员finger-tipped push-up 俯卧撑runway 跑道National record 全国记录pole 撑竿take-off 起跳set a new world record 刷新一项世界纪录 . Part Division of the TextPartsLinesMain Ideas1111Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career.21235Michaels childhood was marked with dreams and tough training.33690Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.49195What was most unusual about Michaels victory was that he was blind. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 Description1. Use your own words to draw a picture of the stadium on that day, including the weather, Michaels appearance and inner feeling, the audiences response, etc.2. Use your own words to describe what kind of event the pole vault is.For Part 2Questions and Answers1. From the description of Michael parents, what can you learn about his parents? (=Michaels mother is romantic and passionate, while his father is a hard-core realist.)2Brainstorm the various obstacles Michael might face during the hard training. (Open-ended.)3. What personality traits are attributed to Michaels success? (=He is diligent, perseverant, optimistic, ambitious, etc.)For Part 3Chart Completion Height of the poleMichaels reaction before/after clearing the barImportanceBeforeAfter17 feetHis palm were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. (L. 1)1. If Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain(LL. 3738)2. He seemed unaware of (LL. 4041)3 inches higher than his personal best17 feet 2, 17 feet 4 , again he showed no emotion. (LL. 4344)17 feet 6 1. It startled him. (L. 53)2. The intensity anxiety. (L. 56)3. He became more tense. (L. 57)4. Afraid would be (LL. 5859)1. It was that brought Michael back to earth. (LL. 7980)2. On his back with that wonderful hot sun(LL. 8181)9 inches higher than his personal best17 feet He later went on that day to clear 17 feet A National and International Junior Olympics recordFor Part 4Discussion1. Why does the author keep the secret about Michaels blindness until the last sentence?2. Who would you admire better, a Michael Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael Stone?. Writing SkillsAs the text consists of the main story and a flashback, the narration has to switch from the ongoing competition to earlier events and then return to the ongoing competition. How does the author manage to make these parts in the text flow smoothly?1. One way is to repeat a key word in the last sentence of a paragraph in the first sentence of the next paragraph, e.g.It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying.2. Another way is to pick up a key idea from a previous paragraph and repeat it in the sentence introducing the next paragraph, e.g.All of Michaels vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work.Detailed Reading . Difficult Sentences 1. (LL. 89) It combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=它融合了体操运动员的优雅与健美运动员的力量。)2. (LL. 1620) He would be running sown a country road. As he raced between golden wheat fields, he wouldWhy is Michaels dream of flying described in details?(=Because Michael has a very deep impression about the dream. There are two evidence for that: 1) His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up. 2) He always dreamed of flying.)3. (L. 21) Where he flew would always coincide with his mothers stories.Paraphrase the sentence.(=In his dreams, he would always fly over those places described in his mothers stories.)4. (L. 23) His dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer.1. What is function of the phrase “on the other hand”?(=The phrase is used for comparing different things or ideas.)2. What can you infer from the phrase? (=Michael s parents are totally different types of people and they play the different roles in Michaels success.)5. (LL. 4748) Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place.1. Paraphrase the first part of the sentence.(=He would not be ashamed of getting himself the second place, but) 2. What can you learn from the sentence? (=Michael holds a very attitude toward the competition. On the one hand, he wouldnt think it is a shame of winning the second place, on the other hand, he would try his best to win the first place.)6. (LL. 54) Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay.1. Paraphrase the sentence.(=If something strikes you like a wet bale of hay, it comes as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise.)2. Use some adjectives to describe how Michael felt at that time. (=He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc.)7. (LL. 6869) The silence was deafening.Is this sentence contradictory with “silence” and “deafening”?(=No. “Deafening” here is used to modify “the silence”. It is not an ordinary silence, but a deafening one. This shows both Michael and the crowd are very tense at that moment.)8. (L. 76) Only this time he knew he wasnt dreaming.What does “only” mean here?(=“Only” here means “but”.). Words and Expressions1. (L. 1) sweat:1. v. produce sweat*The white shirts were sweated through.*He was sweating after working so hard.2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.)2. (L. 8) grace: n. 1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room.*She danced with a grace that surprised us. 2) kindness; willingness to do what is right *She had the grace to say that he was right. *他勉强地承认他错了。(=He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace.)3. (L. 10) mere: adj. nothing more than(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.)光说无济于事。(=Mere words wont help.)4. (L. 10) fantasy: n. (creation of ) imagination*The story is a fantasy.*He lives in a world of fantasy.CF: fantasy, fancy & imagination fantasy 通常指无限制的，不受意志支配的，完全脱离现实的空想。例如： *An amusement park full of figures from fairy tales may be called Fantasy Land. 一个游乐园，如果充满了神话故事中的人物塑雕，则堪称虚幻境界。fancy 强调凭空想象客观世界不存在之事物，这种凭空想象并非完全脱离现实，只是离现实较远。例如：*Her mind went where fancy took it. 他总是不着边际地胡思乱想。imagination 是个常用词，最少有贬义，它所表示的想象或想象力可以指对过去的事物的重新构想；也可以指对不存在或不能存在之事物的构想。例如： *Does she have the imagination to figure out what happened? 她真的富有想象力，能够推想出发生的事情吗？*These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 这些计划显得毫无想象力。 5. (L.13) numerous: adj. very many *He has a numerous acquaintance among politicians.*During the Depression, numerous people wandered from town to town looking for work.6. (L. 15) passion: n. strong feeling, esp. of love(=The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.)他特别喜欢吃冰淇淋。(=He has a passion for ice cream.)7. (L. 15) detail: n. small, particular fact or item*Everything in her story is correct down to the smallest detail.不要遗漏一点细节。(=Dont omit a single detail.)Collocation:go/enter into details 详细说明in detail 详细地8. (L. 16) recur: vi. 1) come or happen again*If the pain recurs, take this medicine.你知道循环小数吗？(=Do you know the recurring decimals?)2) (of ideas, events etc.)come back *My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory.*Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely traveler.3) go back (to sth.) in words or thought *Let us recur to what you said yesterday. *Do you mind if I may recur to your idea9. (L. 21) coincide: v.1) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be in agreement *His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife. *The judges did not coincide in opinion.2) happen at the same time of during the same period of time *They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincided with hers.(=The art exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death.)10. (L. 24) core: n. 1) most important or central part of anything *The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform. 让我们直入事务的本质。(=Lets get to the core of the matter.)2) hard central part containing the seeds of certain fruits, such as the apple*An apple core is the part of an apple left after the flesh has been eaten.Collocation:to the core: 彻底地; 完全地 *She is French to the core. 她是个地道的法国人。11. (L. 28) alternate: 1. adj. 1) every other or second *He works on alternate days. *The show was sponsored by different clients on alternate weeks.2) (or two things) happening by turns 这是晴雨交替的一周。(=This is a week of alternate rain and sunshine.)*She wears a shirt with alternate stripes of blue and white.2. v. (cause to ) follow by turns*We alternated periods of work and rest.汤姆时而发怒，时而害怕。(=Tom alternated between anger and fright.)Collocation:alternate between 时而时而 *They alternate between supporting us and opposing us.alternate in 轮流 *We alternate in doing the household chores.alternate with （使）与交替 *Sunny weather alternates with rain.1