9分达人阅读AmateurNaturalists精读笔记.docVIP

Amateurmt(r) NaturalistsntrlstEcologistsi:kldsts are using a wealth of unusual data to predict he impact of climate change.生态学家们通过大量民间数据来预测气候变化带来的影响a wealth ofSn.大量;丰富 If you say that someone or something has a wealth of good qualities or things, you are emphasizing that they have a very large number or amount of them. FORMAL 正式.such a wealth of creative expertiseeksp:ti:z. 如此丰富的创造性Un.专门技能The city boastsbstv.有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产） a wealth of beautiful churches. 这座城市拥有众多美丽的教堂A:Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound装订的 notebook out of an envelopeenvlp.Tim Sparks从信封里取出了一本皮面笔记本slide out ofThe books yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire.笔记本的纸页已经微微泛黄，它记载了在Kilworth, Leicestershire居住的已故的养蜂人Walter Coates从1941年到1969年间的养蜂记录lateadj.已故的；已逝的；（尤指）新近去世的 You use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently.His growing pilepal of local journals他那堆越来越多的地方日报a pile of“Were uncovering about one major new record each month.”“我们每个月都会发现一个新的记录”uncoverv.揭露，发现（隐秘之事） If you uncover something, especially something that has been kept secret, you discover or find out about it. Auditors:dt(r) said they had uncovered evidence of fraud. 审计人员说他们已经发现了欺诈的证据A specific plot to kill him was uncovered in the past couple of weeks. 一个针对他的暗杀阴谋在过去几周里被揭露了出来v.发现，发掘（地下埋藏之物）When people who are digging somewhere uncover something, they find a thing or a place that has been under the ground for a long time. Archaeologists:kildst have uncovered an 11,700-year-old hunting camp in Alaskalsk. 考古学家们在阿拉斯加发现了一个距今11,700年的狩猎营地v.揭开的盖子；除去上的覆盖物 To uncover something means to remove something that is covering it. When the seedlingssi:dl sproutsprat, uncover the traytre. 秧苗发芽后，就把盘子上的盖子拿掉When the first wood anemonesnemni flowered, the dates on which the oaksk burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting.银莲花第一次开花的时间、橡树抽芽的时间以及白嘴鸦开始筑巢的时间burst into leaf or flower（花、叶等）突然绽放，突然长出 When plants burst into leaf or flower, their leaves or flowers suddenly open. WRITTEN 笔语.rows of wallflowers promising to burst into bloom. 一排排桂竹香含苞待放Successivesksesv Marshams continued compilingkmpal these notes for 211 years.Marsham家族一代代的后人们搜集这些资料长达211年successiveadj.连续的;接连的;相继的 Successive means happening or existing one after another without a break. Jackson was the winner for a second successive year. 杰克逊已经是连续第二年获胜了Britain was suffering from the failure of successive governments to co-ordinate a national transport policy. 接连几届政府都没能协调出一个全国性的交通运输政策，英国因此而深受其苦compilev.汇编;编制;编纂 When you compile something such as a report, book, or programme, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information.Councils were required to compile a register of all adults living in their areas. 各地政务委员会被要求编制一份该地区成年居民的名册The book took 10 years to compile. 编这本书花了10年时间B:Ecologists interested in the timing of biological events or phenologyfnldi物候学研究生物自然现象时间或者生态生物学的生态学者们timingUn.时机掌握;时间选择 Timing is the skill or action of judging the right moment in a situation or activity at which to do something. His photo is a wonderful happy moment caught with perfect timing. 他拍的照片时机掌握完美，记录下了动人的快乐瞬间If your timing is right, you may be fortunate enough to stumblestmbl across a village festival.如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地撞上某个乡村节日Un.时间安排 Timing is used to refer to the time at which something happens or is planned to happen, or to the length of time that something takes. The timing of the ministers visit, however, could somewhat detractdtrkt from the goodwill its supposed to generate. 但是，部长访问的时间安排不当，可能会有损访问的善意，使其不能得到有效传达a small band of researchers一小部分研究者Cn.-COLL （一）群；（一）帮；（一）伙 A band of people is a group of people who have joined together because they share an interest or belief.a small but growing band of Japanese companies taking their first steps into American publishing. 数量不多、但仍在增长的一批初次涉足美国出版业的日本公司And more systematic projects have also started up, producing an overwhelmingvwelm response.与此同时，更多系统性的工作也已经展开，并创造了惊人的成果overwhelmingadj.极强烈的；势不可挡的；令人不知所措的 If something is overwhelming, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it. The task wont feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps. 如果将这个任务细分为简单易行的若干步骤来做，便不会感到如此无所适从She felt an overwhelming desire to have another child. 她一心想再要一个孩子adj.（数量）巨大的，压倒性的 You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities. The overwhelming majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months. 绝大多数小企业在头两年内就破产了“The amount of interest is almost frightening.”“让人感兴趣的信息量简直多得惊人！”The number of youngsters involved in crime is frightening. 年轻人犯罪的人数多得骇人the Center for Ecologyikldi and Hydrologyhadrldi生态与水文研究中心C:“Closetklzt phenologists”“橱柜里的生态生物学家们”He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another.现在他把大量的时间用来追寻这些历史数据，从一个材料到另一个材料As news of his questkwest spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phenologists come out of their closets.这个消息不胫而走，其他人也不断给他提供一些类似材料的信息，越来越多的业余生态生物学家们也从他们的“橱柜”中走了出来questCn.(长期艰难的)追求，探索，寻找 A quest is a long and difficult search for something. My quest for a better bank continues. 我继续寻找一家更好的银行.his quest to find true love. 他对真爱的不懈追寻tip somebody off给通风报信;暗中告知 If someone tips you off, they give you information about something that has happened or is going to happen.Greg tipped police off on his car phone about a suspect drunk driver. 格雷格用他的汽车电话向警方报告了一个有酒后驾驶嫌疑的司机He was arrested two days later after a friend tipped off the FBI. 他的一个朋友给美国联邦调查局报了信两天以后他就被捕了magnolia mgnli tree木兰花树D:Other researchers have unearthedn: data from equally odd sources.其他研究人员也从这类独特的资源中发掘出了有价值的数据unearthv.发现；揭露 If someone unearths facts or evidence about something bad, they discover them with difficulty, usually because they were being kept secret or were being lied about.Researchers have unearthed documents indicating her responsibility for the forced adoption of children. 调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收养儿童事件负有责任的文件The frauds have been unearthed by investigators working for the Camden Health Authority. 这些欺诈行为已被卡姆登卫生局的调查人员揭露了出来.the unearthing of a plot to assassinatessnet the President. 行刺总统的阴谋的曝光v.发掘，挖掘（埋藏物） If someone unearths something that is buried, they find it by digging in the ground.Fossil hunters have unearthed the bones of an elephant believed to be 500,000 years old. 化石搜集者们发掘出了一具大象骨骼，据信距今已有50万年.saying that the treasure had been unearthed on his property. 称宝藏是在他家地里挖掘出来的More human remains have been unearthed in the north. 北部又挖掘出了更多的人体遗骸v.找到，发现（隐藏或丢失之物） If you say that someone has unearthed something, you mean that they have found it after it had been hidden or lost for some time. From somewhere, he had unearthed a black silk suit. 他不知从哪里找来了一套黑色的丝绸衣服Today I unearthed a copy of 90 Minutes and had a chuckletkl at your article. 今天我找到了一期90分钟杂志，读了你的文章咯咯笑了半天Participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a specially erectedrekt wooden tripodtrapd Cn.三脚架 will fall through the surface of a thawing: river.这长度赛事在正在融化的河面上搭建一种特殊的三脚架，参与者要猜出她倒在河面上的精确时间erectv.建造;建筑;设置 If people erect something such as a building, bridge, or barrier, they build it or create it.FORMAL 正式Oppositionpzn demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliamentp:lmnt building. 反对派示威者已经在通往国会大厦的道路上设置了路障The building was erected in 1900-1901. 这座建筑建于1900到1901年间We all unconsciously erect barriers against intimacyntmsi Un. 我们都会无意中对他人的亲近、亲密有所设防v.建立（体制);创建（机构);创立（理论） If you erect a system, a theory, or an institution, you create it. Japanese proprietorsprprat(r) are erecting a complex infrastructurenfrstrkt(r) of political influence throughout America. 日本商人、业主正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构He erected a new doctrinedktrn of precedentpresdnt n. 他创立了一套新的判例、先例、前例原则、信条、主义、学说、（尤指）宗教教义；(尤指政府外交政策的)正式声明.the whole edificeedfsCn. of free trade which has been erected since the Second World War. 第二次世界大战以来形成的整个自由贸易体系thawv.(冰雪等)融化，融解，解冻 When ice, snow, or something else that is frozen thaws, it melts. Its so cold the snow doesnt get a chance to thaw. 天太冷了，雪根本化不了The ground has thawed.地面解冻了Cn.(通常指冬末的)解冻时节，天气回暖期 A thaw is a period of warmer weather when snow and ice melt, usually at the end of winter. We sloggedslg through the mudmd of an early spring thaw. 我们在初春解冻时节的泥泞中艰难行进v.(使)(冷冻食品)解冻，融化 When you thaw frozen food or when it thaws, you leave it in a place where it can reach room temperature so that it is ready for use.Always thaw pastrypestri thoroughlyrli. 每次都要保证油酥面团彻底解冻The food in the freezer had thawed during a power cut. 冰箱里的食物在停电期间化开了Thaw out means the same as thaw .I remember to thaw out the chicken before I leave home. 我记着出门前把鸡肉化开v.&Cn.(使)(关系)回暖，缓和，改善 If something thaws relations between people or if relations thaw, they become friendly again after a period of being unfriendly. At least this second meeting had helped to thaw the atmosphere. 这第二次会议至少起到了缓和气氛的作用It took up to Christmas for political relations to thaw. 直到圣诞节政治关系才有所改善His visit is one of the most strikingstrakadj. results of the thaw in relations between East and West. 他的访问是东西方关系缓和的最突出的、引人注目的、异乎寻常的、显著的成果之一The competition has taken place annually on the Tenana River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five days earlier than it did when the contest began.在阿拉斯加Tenana河畔，这场比赛自1917年以来每年举办一届，通过研究这一比赛的结果可以发现，现在这条河流开始融化的日期比比赛诞生时早了5天E:a raftr:ftCn. of natural events很多自然现象the emergencem:dnsUn.出现;兴起 of butterflies from hibernation蝴蝶羽化期emergence vs emergencyemergenceemergencyCn.紧急事件;意外事件;（尤指）事故Together with models of climate change, amateurs records could help guide conservationknsven.业余爱好者们的记录与气候变化模型可以帮助指导环境保护conservationUn.(对环境的)保护 Conservation is saving and protecting the environment. .a four-nation regional meeting on elephant conservation. 四国保护大象的地区性会议.tree-planting and other conservation projects. 植树以及其他环保计划Un.(对文物或艺术品的) 保护 Conservation is saving and protecting historical objects or works of art such as paintings, sculptures, or buildings. Then he began his most famous work, the conservation and rebinding of the Book of Kells. 之后他就开始了他最为出名的工作，即保护并重新装订凯尔斯书Un.节约;防止浪费 The conservation of a supply of something is the careful use of it so that it lasts for a long jects aimed at promoting energy conservation. 旨在促进节约能源的计划.rules concerning the conservation of fishery resources. 有关保护渔业资源的规定Terry Root has collected birdwatchers counts of wildfowlwaldfalPn. taken between 1995 and 1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest.Terry Root收集了1955年到1996年间鸟类观察者在美国中西部季节性池塘中所做的野禽记录、计数Her analysis shows that the increased droughtsdrat that the models predict could halveh:v the breeding populations at the ponds.经他分析发现，未来干旱气候将会增加，这一预测结果意味着池塘附近生物的繁殖量将会减半Halvev.把减半;减到一半 When you halve something or when it halves, it is reduced to half its previous size or amount. Dr Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of cancer of the colonkln. 李医生相信，锻炼身体能使患结肠癌的风险降低一半The work force has been halved in two years. 劳动力在两年里减少了一半v.将对半分;把二等分 If you halve something, you divide it into two equal parts.Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside with a spoon. 将菠萝对半切开，用勺子挖出里面的果肉the number of waterfowlw:tfal Cn.-COLL水禽数量F:an open snowdropsndrp雪花莲的开放“The biggest concern with ad hocd hk observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken.”“特殊观察最重要的是如何细致并系统地进行”ad hocadj.（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的 An ad hoc activity or organization is done or formed only because a situation has made it necessary and is not planned in advance.The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems. 议会临时安排会议讨论问题.ad hoc committees to examine specific problems. 研究具体问题的专门委员会“I noted when the leaves came out.”“我记录了叶子掉落的时间”Measuring the onsetnset of autumn can be particularly problematicprblmtk because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjectivesbdektv process than noting when they appear.测量秋天的到来可能就很困难，因为确定叶子何时变黄比确定它什么时候发芽要主观得多the onset ofSn.（尤指不快之事的）开始，开端，肇始 The onset of something is the beginning of it, used especially to refer to something unpleasant.Most of the passes have been closed with the onset of winter. 冬天来临，大部分关口均已关闭With the onset of war, oil prices climbed past $30 a barrelbrl. 战争一爆发，油价就攀过了每桶30美元G:“They get at the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world.”“他们具有淳朴的科学力量：细致地观察了自然世界”But the professionals also acknowledgeknld the need for careful quality control.但是专家们也清楚需要仔细考量记录的质量professionalacknowledgeRoot, for example, tries to gaugeed the quality of an amateur archive:kav by interviewing its collector.比如，Root就准备和记录收集者进行面谈，来检测一份民间记录的可靠性gaugearchiveCn.档案;史料;记录;档案馆 The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can also use archives to refer to the place where archives are stored. .the archives of the Imperialmpril War Museum. 帝国战争博物馆里的档案I decided I would go to the Archive the next day and look up the appropriate issue. 我决定第二天去档案馆查找对应的问题“You always have to worrythings as trivialtrvil as vacations can affect measurement. I disregarddsrg:d a lot of records because theyre not rigorousrgrs enough.”“你总是会担心诸如度假之类的琐碎事情都会影响数据的准确性，我之所以有很多记录不采用，就是因为它们不够准确”trivialadj.琐碎的;不重要的;微不足道的 If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious. The director tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later. 主管试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些细枝末节的小事，可以稍后解决I dont like to visit the doctor just for something trivial. 我不喜欢为一点小毛病就去看医生disregardv.&Un.不理会;不顾;漠视 If you disregard something, you ignore it or do not take account of it.rigorousadj.(测试、系统或程序)严格的，严密的，缜密的 A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience. 选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试.a rigorous system of blood analysis. 缜密的血液分析系统.rigorous military training. 严格的军事训练rigorously .rigorously conducted research. 严格进行的研究adj.一丝不苟的;严格的;谨慎的 If someone is rigorous in the way that they do something, they are very careful and thorough. He is rigorous in his control of expenditure. 他对支出控制得非常严格The right statistics can ironan out some of the problems with amateur data.正确的统计数据可以消除民间记录的一些问题iron out解决;消除 If you iron out difficulties, you resolve them and bring them to an end. It was in the beginning, when we were still ironing out problems. 那是在刚开始,我们还在着力解决问题。The various groups had now managed to iron out their differences. 各团体现在已努力消除了彼此间的分歧create standardizedstnddazd recording schemes for future efforts为未来数据记录创建标准化的记录方案They hope that well-designed studies will generate a volumevlju:m of observations large enough to drowndran out the idiosyncrasiesdiskrsi of individual recorders.他们希望设计出好的研究方法并能在大部分观察数据中推广这些方法，从而消除个人记录者们记录方法上的差别drown outv.（把）淹死，溺死 When someone drowns or is drowned, they die because they have gone or been pushed under water and cannot breathe.A child can drown in only a few inches of water. 儿童在只有几英寸深的水中就可能溺亡Last night a boy was drowned in the river. 昨晚一名男孩在河里溺亡He walked into the sea and drowned himself. 他投海自杀了Dolphins have sometimes been known to save drowning swimmers. 据悉海豚有时会救溺水的游泳者v.淹没（于中）；置身（于中） If you say that a person or thing is drowning in something, you are emphasizing that they have a very large amount of it, or are completely covered in it.We were drowning in data but starved of information. 我们淹没在大量的数据中却找不到、极其缺乏、迫切需要有用的信息.people who gradually find themselves drowning in debt. 渐渐发现自己债台高筑的人们The potatoes were drowned in chilli. 马铃薯完全被辣椒盖住了v.盖过,淹没(声音) If something drowns a sound, it is so loud that you cannot hear that sound properly. Clapping drowned the speakers words for a moment. 鼓掌声一度淹没了发言人的声音The conversation was drowned by the arrival of the taxi. 到来的出租车的声音压过了谈话的声音Drown out means the same as drown . Their cheers drowned out the protests of demonstrators. 他们的欢呼声盖过了示威者的抗议声Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash. 她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没drown ones sorrowssr借酒浇愁 If you say that someone is drowning their sorrows, you mean that they are drinking alcohol in order to forget something sad or upsetting that has happened to them.idiosyncrasyn.(个人特有的)癖好，嗜好;(物品的)特色，特点 If you talk about the idiosyncrasies of someone or something, you are referring to their rather unusual habits or characteristics. Everyone has a few little idiosyncrasies. 每个人都有点小嗜好The bike has style, it has looks, it has its little idiosyncrasies. 这辆自行车品质一流，外观漂亮，有一些细节之处与众不同The book is a gemdem of Victorianvkt:rin idiosyncrasy. 这本书展现了维多利亚时代特色的精华The data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadthbred in space, time and range of species.这些数据收集起来成本低廉，却能够提供空间、时间、物种范围等广泛的资料breadthUn.宽度 The breadth of something is the distance between its two sides. The breadth of the whole camp was 400 paces. 整个营地的宽度为400步Un.广度；广泛性 The breadth of something is its quality