人教版必修一Unit 1 Friendship grammar学案.docx

unit 1 friendship学案grammardirect speech and indirect speech (i)直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语。直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句时，转换为间接引语时, 在句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等方面都有变化。 1. 转述他人的陈述陈述句转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 1) he said , “im going to beijing.” he said that he was going to beijing.2) he asked, “are you a teacher?” he asked me if /whether i was a doctor.3) she asked, “what are you doing?” she asked me what i was doing.陈 述 句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替。注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，但不可直接说told that 。he said, “i have been to the great wall.” he said (to us) that he had been to the great wall. he said, “ill give you an examination next monday.” he told us that he would give us an examination the next monday. 一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked (me / him / us等)，语序是陈述句的语序。 he said, “do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” he asked (me) whether / if i had any difficulty with my pronunciation. he said, “you are interested in english, arent you?” he asked whether i was interested in english. 选择疑问句 用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror he asked, “do you speak english or french?” he asked me whether i spoke english or french. i asked, “will you take bus or take train?” i asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化2. 注意人称变化3. 注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化5. 注意地点的变化6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化人称的变化一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致she said,“ i like tennis.”she said that she liked tennis.二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致he said to lily,“ you must get up early.”he told lily that she must get up early.第三人称不变引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变she said to me ,“ they want to help him.”she told me that they wanted help him.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变the geography teacher said, “the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”the geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变the children said, “we love this game.”they told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。she says, “ill never forget the days in the country.”she says that shell never forget the days in the country.do some exercises1. “i never eat meat,” he said. he said that _ never _ meat.2. “ive found my wallet,” he said to me. he _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “i took it home with me,” she said. she said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. the teacher said, “the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” the teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “i met her yesterday,” he said to me. he _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “you must come here before five,” he said. he said that i _ to go _ before five.7. “i bought the house 10 years ago,” he said. he said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “did you see her last week?” he said. he _ _ i had seen her the week _.9. he said, “you can sit here, jim.” he _ jim that he _ sit there.10. he asked, “how did you find it, mother?” he asked his mother _ _ _ found it.11. “where have you been these days?” he asked. he asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “do you know w