选修8 Unit 2 Cloning.doc

年 级高二学 科英语版 本人教新课标版课程标题选修8 Unit 2 Cloning -words、phrases and language point编稿老师冯振宇一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘晓军一、学习目标知识目标：学习本单元的词汇、短语和句型。能力目标：能够使用这些词汇、短语及句型进行语言表达，并能够解答与之相关的习题。二、重点、难点1. 重点：重要单词differ, undertake, object, obtain, forbid, accumulate, owe, bother, strike, resist重要短语pay off, cast down, in favour of, be bound to, from time to time, in vain, in good/poor condition重要句型1）Then came the disturbing news that2）It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.2. 难点：then置于句首时的倒装句三、知能提升（一）重点单词单词学习 1. differ vi.不同，有异 【例句】Nylon and silk differ. 尼龙与丝绸不同。Tastes differ from one to another. 嗜好各有不同。【用法】 differ from 不同于，意见不一致differ in 在方面不同differ with sb. on sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同【易错点】用作“不同”解时，只接介词from，而在表示有不同意见，表示异议时接from 与with均可。当表示在某方面不同时，则要用介词in。【拓展】difference n. 差别 different adj. 不同的be different from与不同 make a(no) difference 有（没有）区分；有（没有）重要关系 It makes no difference to sb. 对没关系【考题链接】Thoughts of people in China differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from those of答案：D解题思路：考查differ的用法。此处表示思想上的不同，所以用those代替thoughts。 2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do)【例句】 She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了作出这些改变的责任。He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。 【考题链接】He undertook _ the work before Friday.A. finishing B. to have finished C. to finish D. finish答案：C解题思路：undertake在表示“保证”这一意义时，后面常接动词不定式。而B选项由句意可知，后接动词不定式的完成式是错的，故选C。 3. object v.不赞成，反对；抗议；以为理由反对 【例句】He did not object. 他没有反对。They objected that the plan was risky.他们反对说，这项计划是冒险的。【拓展】n.物体；对象；客体；目标；意向；目的；宾语What are these strange objects? 这些奇异物体是什么？. The building is the main object of his interest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。Our object is to get at the truth. 我们的目的是弄清事实真相。Verbs that do not take object are called intransitive verbs.不带宾语的动词称为不及物动词。【考点】object to doing 反对做某事We objected to leaving in such a hurry.我们反对这样匆忙地离开。Do you object to my speaking to him about it?我去和他谈谈这事，你有意见吗？【考题链接】Many countries objected to Japan _ nuclear waste water into the sea.A. to pour B. pouring C. poured D. pour答案：B 解题思路：本题考查object to后的复合结构，这里的pouring作介词to的宾语。 4. obtain vt. (正式用词；尤指通过努力或计划)获得；得到【例句】I haven t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。【用法】obtain sth. from sb. /sth. 从获得某物Further information can be obtained from our head office. 详细的资料可以从我们的总部得到。【考点】obtain / acquire / gain / achieveobtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。【考题链接】After questioning the man for six hours, the police_ the information they wanted.A. seized B. recovered C. appealed D. obtained答案：D 解题思路：考查动词辨析。seize意为“抓住”；recover意为“恢复；重获”；appeal意为“恳求；呼吁”；obtain意为“获得，得到”，故D项符合句意。 5. forbid vt.（forbade ,forbad ;forbidden）禁止；不准【用法】forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事） forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事【例句】 His parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不准他喝酒。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。I forbid you to go swimming. 我不准你去游泳。 Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。【考点】forbid后不能直接接动词不定式作宾语，而应接动名词作宾语，但可用forbid sb. to do sth. 这一结构，与此结构类似的动词：allow, permit, advise等。【考题链接】 The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes,_after11 p.m.A. from staying out B. to stay out C. staying out D. stay out答案：B解题思路：考查forbid sb. to do sth.的被动语态。Unless they have special passes 可放在句末。 6. accumulate vt. & vi. 积累；聚积【例句】By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。 Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。【考题链接】 As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way” You can _ more than you believe possible if you really set your mind to itA. accelerateB. accumulate C. accomplish D. approve 答案：C解题思路：词义辨析题。accelerate“加速，提前”；accumulate“积累，聚积”；accomplish“完成，取得”；approved“批准，赞成”，根据句意，应选C项，这里的accomplish相当于achieve。 7. owe vt. 欠；应该把归功于；感激，感恩【考点】owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)债owe sth. to sb. /sth. 将某事物归因或归功于某人/事【例句】 He owes his father 50. = He owes 50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。【拓展】owing to 由于，其同义短语有thanks to, due to, because of, as a result of【考题链接】 Our English teacher asks us to guess the meaning of the unknown words _ the context.A. owing to B. due to C. according to D. thanks to答案：C解题思路：短语辨析题。owing to由于；due to因为；thanks to多亏了；这里的according to意为“根据”，符合句意。 8. bother v. 打扰；操心；麻烦 n.烦扰【用法】bother with/about sth. 为某事而操心bother sb. about /with sth. 为某事打扰或烦扰某人bother to do sth. 麻烦做某事【例句】Ive no time to bother with such things. 我没时间为这种事烦恼。Dont bother about answering his letter. 你不必回复他的信。Dont bother your father about it now.Dont bother your father about it now. 现在先不要麻烦你的父亲。He didnt even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。【考题链接】 Im sorry to have _you with questions on such an occasion.A. attracted B. abstracted C. impressed D. bothered答案：D解题思路：考查动词辨析。attract吸引；abstract摘要，提取；impress使有印象，都不符合题意。这里用到bother sb. about /with sth.为某事打扰或烦扰某人。 9. strike 1）vt. & vi.打，击；敲响；报时；划火柴 【例句】Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。She struck her opponent a tremendous blow on the jaw.她猛击对手的下巴。I didnt hear the clock strike. 我没有听到报时钟声。2）vt. 攻击，袭击；侵袭；(突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中 【例句】A tsunami struck Japan this spring, causing a lot of deaths as well as damage.今年春天，海啸袭击了日本，造成了大量伤亡和损失。A bullet struck him dead.一颗子弹把他击毙了。As I watched them, an idea struck me.我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan.我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。3）给以(深刻)印象 【例句】What struck me most is his hardworking. 给我印象最深刻的是他的勤奋。4）vi. & n.罢工 【例句】The dustmen are striking. 环卫工人正在罢工。They decide to go on strike for better pay. 他们决定为得到更高的工资而罢工。【考题链接】She _ another match and in the light she made her way without making any noise.A. hit B. beat C. knocked D. struck答案：D解题思路：本题考查词义辨析。“划火柴”应该用strike a match。 10. resist vt. & vi. 抵抗；对抗；不受(某事物的)损害影响；抗（酸）；耐（热等）【用法】resist sth. 抵制，阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事【例句】She could hardly resist laughing. 她真忍不住要笑。 I cant resist baked apples. 我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。He found it hard to resist buying these books. 他发现，见到这些书要想不买是很困难的。【考题链接】She is overweight, but she cant_ the temptation to eat more delicious food.A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist答案：D解题思路：考查动词词义辨析。按照句意此处的resist有“忍不住”的意思；forbid禁止；attach吸引，粘上；allow允许。即学即练 1. I can hardly imagine his arguing with his boss. He always _ me as a cool-headed man.A. strikes B. takes C. treats D. regards 2. The sports meet, originally _ be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather. A. due to B. thanks to C. owing to D. according to 3. Smith was deeply _ at their refusal to come.A. offended B. disturbed C. bothered D. interrupted 4. What did they forbid _ out of the reading room?The magazines. They only allowed reading them in it.A. being taken B. to be taken C. to take D. is taken 5. It was reported that the plane _ into the mountains and no victims could be found.A. bumped B. struck C. beat D. crashed 6. I dont mind her criticizing me, but it is how she does it that I_. A. object B. object to C. against D. turn against（二）重点短语短语学习 1. pay off得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债务；付清工资后解雇【例句】At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗？. 【拓展】pay的相关短语：pay for 付款；为付出代价pay back 偿还，报复pay out 花费；支出 pay sth. in 存款pay ones way 自食其力【考题链接】If you go for a long ride in a friends car, its the custom to offer to_ some of the expenses.A. pay B. pay off C. pay for D. pay back答案：C解题思路：考查pay的相关短语的辨析。pay for用于此意为“偿付一部分费用”。The money collected from ticket sales could be _ food.A. pay back B. spent onC. paid off D. cost答案：B解题思路：spend sth. on sth. 把花在上；pay off付清；pay back偿还。cost花费，只能物作主语，再根据题意“卖票所得的钱可以用在买食物上”，可知选B项。 2. cast down抛下，丢下；降低，使向下；使沮丧【例句】The enemy cast down their weapons. 敌人扔掉了武器。The little girl cast her eyes down in shame.那个小女孩害羞地垂下目光。He was cast down by the sad news. 这悲伤的消息使他情绪低落。 3. in favo(u)r of赞成，支持【例句】I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。 I talked to Susan about it, and she s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同去。【拓展】表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”除用in favour of之外；其他常用结构：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on ones side表示“不支持，不赞同某人/某事”be against sb./sth.【考题链接】I dont like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could_ me a favour.A. make B. do C. find D. get 答案：B解题思路：考查短语do sb. a favour，意为：帮某人个忙。 4. be bound to (do) 一定；注定(做)【例句】The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天天气一定会变好。 You ve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam. 你下了这么大工夫，一定能考及格。 5. from time to time不时，偶尔，间或,有时 【例句】I can see Tom at the library from time to time.有时我在图书馆能看见汤姆。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。【拓展】time的相关短语in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟in no time 立刻；马上at no time永不 at one time （过去）有个时期；曾经；一度at a time 一次；每次 at times = sometimes 有时all the time 一直；始终；老是on time 按时；准时by the time到时候为止for the time being 暂时；暂且take one s time不着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间once upon a time 从前at the same time 同时；尽管如此ahead of time 提前，提早 【考题链接】Despite what I was told about the local peoples attitude to strangers, at no time _ any rudeness so far.A. I had met B. I met C. have I met D. did I meet答案：C解题思路：at no time置于句首要用倒装结构。根据后面的so far可知时态应用完成时。 6. in vain白白地；徒劳地【例句】We tried to help her but (we tried)in vain我们试着帮助她，但是没有用。I was about to give up after several attempts in vain when my teacher came to my help.经过多次徒劳的尝试后我正要放弃时，我的老师来给予我帮助。【考题链接】We put tables and chairs out in the garden but it started to rain and all our efforts were _.A. in vain B. paying off C. meaningless D. failing答案：A解题思路：“我们所有的努力都白费了”，“白费”用短语in vain。pay off付清；meaningless没有意义的；fail失败均不合题意。 7. in good / excellent / poor condition处于好的极佳的坏的状况【例句】The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage.这艘船的现状不适宜远航。The car is still in excellent condition. 这辆汽车状况极佳。 【拓展】condition 的相关短语：out of condition健康状况欠佳 working/living / studying conditions工作、生活、学习环境on condition (that). 在条件下；倘若 on no condition 一点也不；决不【考题链接】Carine is not in the _ for going to the ball tonight.A. conditionB. temperC. moodD. motion答案：C解题思路：根据题意是“没有心情去舞会”而不是“不适合去舞会”，故用到短语be in the mood for sth有做事的心情；be in good condition可以表示身体健康；temper“脾气”；motion“运动，动作”。即学即练 1. “Unless you want to be helped, unless you come to us, anything we tried would be_,” said his mother.A. in particular B. in vain C. in part D. in chaos 2. Though the car was bought ten years ago, it is still in good _.A. situation B. condition C. position D. case 3. Why cant I smoke?At no time _ in the meeting-room.A. does smoking permit B. is smoking permittedC. smoking is permitted D. permits smoking 4. Chongqing is among the most important cities in China _ its size and population.A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in view of D. in terms of（三）重点句型句型学习 1. Then came the disturbing news that【句子分析】本句是倒装句中的完全倒装。为使表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，用部分倒装主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。 【例句】Away hurried the boy. 那个男孩匆匆离开了。Out rushed the girl. 那个女孩冲了出来。In he comes. 他进来了。【拓展】在以here, there等副词开头的某些句子里要用一般现在时。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。【例句】There goes the bell and in came our teacher. 铃声响了,我们的老师进来了。Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。Look！There she comes. 看，她来了。【考题链接】For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come答案：B解题思路：副词then位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子需全部倒装，选B。 2. It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo.【句子分析】这是一个表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的句型结构为：从句：动词过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to + 动词原形主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形【例句】If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们就不出去了。【考题链接】fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be答案：B解题思路：考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的表达形式。句意为：如果你被解雇了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会被立即取消。表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句可以用“should + 动词原形”，故选B。即学即练 1. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 2. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. mightUnit 2 Cloning - Grammar 同位语及同位语从句一、预习新知同位语及同位语从句二、预习点拨思考问题一：句子的成分都有哪些？思考问题二：找出本单元含有同位语从句的句子（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项选择 1. He objects to to his home.A. my going B. his go C. she went D. you go 2. he came to love sports, he became much stronger than before.A. Shortly after B. After shortly C. Before long D. Shortly 3. Read the letter and him.A. pass on it to B. pass it on to C. pass it on D. pass it for 4. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise .A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 5. He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 6. My performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard, _, I failed.A. in the end B. after all C. in other wordsD. at the same time 7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what 8. One of them held the view_ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether 9. The reason _he has to go is _his mother is ill in bed.A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 10. They received orders _the work be done right away.A. which B. that C. / D. when 11. There is difference_ ten degrees _ temperature _the day and the night.A. of; of; between B. of; in; betweenC. from; to; between D. between; of; between 12. There is a board by the road, which _ “Parking_!”A. writes; forbidding B. reading; forbidding C. says; forbidden D. saying; forbidden 13. She is too fat ,but she cant _ sweet.A. remove B. resist C. reject D. object 14. He is _ to fail because he doesnt review it.A. near B. fit C. bound D. easy 15. The man is _ a serious nervous breakdown because he is unable to deal with pressure from daily life.A. in front of B. in favor of C. on behalf of D. on the edge of二、用括号内所提供的词的适当形式填空 1. I strongly object to _ (treat) like a child. 2. If no one has any _ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope. 3. The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _ (resist) from staff. 4. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom? 5. The building _ (decorate) with flags, the event was a great success.三、完形填空 The U.S. bought Alaska from Russia about 100 years ago. The U.S._1_ less than two cents an acre. One Alaska island is only two miles _2_a Russian island. The nearest state is Washington, 500 miles away.Alaska is more than twice big as Texas. It has many _3_kinds of weather. In some areas the _4_can go as low as 57 below zero, it can also go as high as 38 _5_zero.Alaska has a longer coastline than all the _6 states together. The ocean bottom is _7_in sea life. Alaskas fish each is one of the biggest _8_all the states._9_of the land there is still _10_by the U.S. governmentnot by people _11_businessmen.Alaska is the _12_state, but it has the fewest people. Towns are _13_apart.Long roads _14_a lot to build in _15_ wild country, so there arent many roads. Many people use _16_to travel in the state, _17_travel in boats along the coast. Rivers freeze in winter, but _18_travel on them when summer comes.Many people go to Alaska to _19_big and small animals. Fishermen and skiers and people who _20_beautiful country visit the state too. 1. A. spent B.