八年级U4T2知识点及练习 仁爱版.doc

Unit 4 Our worldTopic 2 I am sure there are no UFOs.一、语言知识点（1）词汇：robot, scientist, appear, situation, repair, mend, toward, plate, planet, information, object, balloon, write to, wake, real（2）短语：spendon, take the place of, mistakefor, look up, call for, wake sb. up, pay attention to, begin with, plug in, dictionary（3）句子：1Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations. 2Im sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans.3Robots can work without pay.4Do you think you will have a robot in 20 years?5People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs.6He woke up and saw his mother.7We can use the Internet for finding jobs.8But we shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.9The words in dictionaries are in alphabetical order.10When you look up a word in the dictionary, you must pay attention to the first letter of the word.11When two words begin with the same letter, you have to look at the second letter to find the word.12I think its helpful in studying English.13I pressed the“ON”button but nothing happened. 14Well, are you sure you plugged it in?二、单词辨析和语法讲解1job与work的用法（1）job工作，零工（可数名词）。如：Jobs are not easy to get. 工作不好找。Many people lost their jobs. 许多人失业了。I have several jobs to do before going to bed. 我睡觉之前还有好几项工作要做。（2）work工作（不可数名词）。如：I can not find work in this town. 我在这个镇里找不到工作。Can you do the work alone? 这活儿你一个人干得了吗？Few people like hard work. 几乎没有人喜欢艰苦的工作。work可作用动词。如：The new worker works well. 这个新工人活儿干得很好。The students work hard. 学生们努力学习。The bell doesnt work. 铃儿不响了。2appear的用法（1）不及物动词，“出现，呈现”。如：Once more Miss Green didnt appear. 格林小姐又没来。（2）系动词，意为“似乎，看来，显得”，其含义近似seem。appear作系动词可用于以下结构：appear to do sth. 如：He appeared to be very friendly to us. 他对我们显得很友好。There appeared to be only one room. 似乎只有一个房间。appear + adj. 如：You appeared all right when I left. 我离开时，你看起来还不错。They appeared amused by the story. 他们听到这个故事显得很高兴。It appears/ appeared that 如：It appears that I am wrong. 看起来是我错了。3over, on 和above的用法（1）over和“on”“above”的意思相同，是“在之上”的意思。但它们在用法上是有区别的。请看下面的分解：on表示一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，即互相接触；over表示一个物体是在另一个物体的正上方，两者之间是垂直关系，但不接触；above表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方或斜上方，如图所示：4toward 和to的用法（1）toward prep.“向，朝，对着”。表示大致方向，如：They are moving toward that city. 他们正向那个城市移动。She had her back toward me. 她背对着我。She went towards the hospital. 她朝医院走去；（2）to则含有到达的意思。如：She went to the hospital. 她去了医院。5含有look的部分词组（1）look for寻找，寻求。如：Are you still looking for a job? 你还在找工作吗？（2）look at注意看。如：Look at the time! Were going to be late. 注意一下时间！我们要迟到了。（3）look like看起来像 如：You look like your brother. 你看起来好像你弟弟。（4）look after照顾，照料。如：Whos going to look after the children while youre away?你不在时谁来照顾小孩？（5）look up 查找，如：If you meet new words you can look them up in the dictionary. 如果你遇到生词，你可以在字典中查找。6sure的用法sure意为“无疑的，肯定的，确信的，有把握的”，仅用作表语。常有以下句型：（1）be sure of(about)对有把握。后只能接词或短语，不能接句子。如：He is sure of(about)living to ninety. 他相信能活到90岁。Were sure of a warm welcome. 我们一定会受到热烈欢迎。Are you sure about it? 你对此有把握吗？Im sure of myself. 我相信自己。（2）be sure to do一定会干。如：He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功的。They are sure to come early. 他们一定会早来的。Youre sure to fail if you dont work hard. 如果你不努力，定会失败的。（3）be sure+clause（从句）确信，肯定。如：Im sure that he will help you. 我相信他会帮助你的。Are you sure that you left the book on the table just now? 你敢肯定你刚才把书放在桌子上了吗？（4）be (not) sure+whether/if表示“不肯定是否”，whether/if引导的宾语从句。如：Im not sure whether they can come or not. 我不能肯定他们能不能来。Im not sure whether/if will be sunny tomorrow. 我不能肯定明天天气是否晴朗。He isnt sure whether/if his father will agree with him. 他不肯定他父亲是否会同意他。三、课文讲解1Robots can take the place of humans to do hard and boring work in some work situations. 在某些工作机器人可以代替人做困难和无聊的工作。take the place of代替，取代。如：Our English teacher was ill, so Miss Li took the place of him.我们的英语老师病了，因此李老师给他代课。Now gas takes the place of coal in cooking. 现在，煤气代替煤来做饭。链接：instead of复合介词，表示“代替，替，而不是”。如：Hell go to Italy instead of France. 他要去意大利而不去法国。Well go by bus instead of on foot. 我们坐车去，而不步行去。注意take the place of是动词短语，可作谓语；而instead of是复合介词短语，他们的意思基本相同。如：Computers take the place of typewriters（打字机）in most offices.People type with computers instead of typewriters in most offices.在大多数办公室，电脑取代了打字机。2Im sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans.我相信机器人做某些工作比人做得更快更好。sure adj. 肯定的，确信的。be sure+从句表示“确信，肯定”。如：Im sure that he will help me. 我相信他会帮助我的。Im not sure where I put it. 我不确定我把它放在哪儿了。3Robots can work without pay. 机器人能不要报酬地工作。pay在这里是名词，意为“报酬，薪水”。pay还可作动词，过去式为paid。常构成短语pay for，意为“付款”。常以pay+钱+for sth. 形式出现在句中。如：I paid 50 yuan for this pair of shoes. 我花了50元买这双鞋子。4Do you think you will have a robot in 20 years?20年后你认为你会有机器人吗？in 20 years意为“20年之后”，表示将来的时间，常与一般将来时连用。而“after+一段时间”是表示过去的时间，常与一般过去时连用。如：He will come back in a week. 一周之后他会回来。My uncle left Beijing after 3 months. 三个月后我叔叔离开了北京。注意：在对“in+一段时间”这样的短语提问时要用how soon. 如：He will be here in forty minutes. 他将在四十分钟后到这儿。How soon will he be here? 他多久后能到这里？5People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs.人们常常把一些人造的物体，诸如风筝、气球错认为飞碟。mistake v. 弄错，误解，错人。mistakefor把错当成如：I mistook you for my brother. 我把你错认成了我的弟弟。She mistook the date and arrived two days earlier. 她弄错了日期，早来了两天。mistake可作用名词，意为“错误，差错”。如：She made several mistakes in her exercises. 她练习中出了好几个错。He took my pen by mistake. 他错拿了我的钢笔。6He woke up and saw his mother. 他醒来看见了他妈妈。（1）wake vi 意为“醒来”，常与up连用。如：I wake (up) at 6:00 a.m. every day. 我每天早上6：00醒来。（2）wake vt. 意为“唤醒，弄醒”。如：The noise woke him up. 那响声把他吵醒了。He needs someone to wake him up. 他需要人叫醒他。Please wake me up at six next morning. 明天早晨6点钟请把我叫醒。7We can use the Internet for finding jobs. 我们能用因特网找工作。usefor doing sth. 用来做。如：We use knives for cutting things. 我们用刀子切东西。8But we shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.但我们不应该在因特网上花费太多的时间。spend的主语经常是人，用来表示花钱买东西或花费时间做某事。即：主语+spend+time/money+on sth./(in) doing sth. 如：I spend 5 yuan on the book. 我买这本书花了五元钱。The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog. 那男孩花了10分钟画了一只狗。链接：pay意为“支付，花费”。主语只能是人，且只用于花费金钱，其结构是“主语（人）+pay+(sb.)+金钱+for sth.”意思为“为某物付给某人多少钱”。其中的人、钱、事可以根据具体情况取舍。如：I paid (him) 5 yuan. 我付（给他）五元钱。I paid (him) 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给他五元钱。9The words in dictionaries are in alphabetical order. 字典中的单词是以字母顺序列出的。order在这里是名词“整齐，顺序，有条理”的意思。常与in连用。如：in the right (wrong) order整齐有序（零乱无章）in good order整齐in bad order不整齐。拓展：order作为名词还有“命令”，“定购，定货单”之意。如：This isnt an order. 这不是命令。May I take your order? 可以点菜了吗？10When you look up a word in the dictionary, you must pay attention to the first letter of the word. 你查字典时，应注意单词的第一个字母。pay attention to 注意。如：You must pay attention to the teacher. 你应该注意听老师讲课。Pay attention to what you are doing. 注意你正做的事。11When two words begin with the same letter, you have to look at the second letter to find the word.当两个单词都是同一个字母开头时，你就得从第二个字母来查找单词。 begin with或start with 意为“以开始”。如：The concert began with a piano solo. 音乐会以一首钢琴独奏曲开始。The day began with rain. 天亮时下着雨。链接：end with意为“以结束”。12I think its helpful in studying English. 我认为它对于学英语方面很有帮助。be helpful in (doing) sth. 在某方面有帮助。如：Learning machines are helpful in improving foreign language study. 学习机在提高外语学习方面很有帮助。13I pressed the“ON”button but nothing happened. 我按了“开”的按钮，但没反应。（1）press在这里是动词“按，压”的意思。如：press the button按按钮。Dont press it. 别按它。（2）happen（=take place）v. 发生。如：How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的？Whats happening over there? 那边发生了什么事？If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他发生什么事，请让我知道。What happened to my clothes? 我衣服怎么啦？14Well, are you sure you plugged it in? 那么，你确信接通电源了吗？plug in是一个动词+副词组成的动词短语，表示“接通（电源），把（插头）插进（插座）。”这种动、副结构的短语的共同特点是：接名词，名词用于中间和后面均可；接代词（宾格），只能把代词（宾格）放于中间。如：Please plug the TV in. 请把电视接通电源。=Please plug in the TV.Please plug it in. （）请把它接通电源。Please plug in it. （）链接：英语中还有很多类似用法的短语，如：put on, take off, turn on/ down off, ring up, wake up四、练习、单项选择1. Its _ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.A. moreB. betterC. goodD. best2. I feel tired and sleepy.Why not stop_? A. to relaxB. relaxingC. restingD. to work3. My watch is broken. I want to know how to make it _.A. workB. to workC. walkD. to walk4. Today the forests have almost gone. People must _ down too many trees.A. stop from cuttingB. stop to cutC. be stopped from cuttingD. be stopped to cut5. In some places there are watch towers on the beaches to _ people about sharks in the water.A. preventB. allowC. warnD. advise6. She prefers to offer more money for a better TV set _ less for this one.A. rather than pay B. to payC. not to payD. to paying7. John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrate C. to be celebrate D. celebrated8. He was _ sad at the bad news that he could hardly say a word.A. veryB. soC. tooD. much9. If we all make a contribution to _ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.A. protectingB. protectedC. protectD. protects10. You look tired now. You _ stay at home and have a rest.A. had toB. had better C. would like to D. would rather11. Mary, would you like to visit the Science Museum with me? _, but surfing the net seems more interesting. A. Id love to B. Thats it C. Youre welcome D. No problem 12. John, will you please _the blackboard now? Its your duty. OK. A. not cleanB. not to clean C. to cleanD. clean13. I think drinking milk is good _our health.Yes. I agree _you. A. for; withB. to; withC. at; onD. in; with 14. Her radio is too loud, isnt it? Yes. Let me tell her_.A. to turn it up B. turn up itC. turn it down D. to turn it down 15. My grandfather wants _ around the world because he enjoys _ new places.A. traveling; seeing B. to travel; to see C. to travel; seeingD. traveling; to see、完型填空Mr. West was born in a small English town. His father had a _1_there. The shop keeper didnt think it was _2_for his son to go to school. So he taught him how to get _3_ money. They got much money there and then _4_to the city. Now Old West cant manage his shop and his son, Mr. West has to do it _5_him. As he has little knowledge, Mr. West is often _6_in public and sometimes he gets into trouble. So he _7_ a lot of books and shelves and put them in his sitting room so that the visitors can see them _8_ they go in. He often goes to the parties and carefully_9_what the learned（有学问的）men say. He hopes to make friends with them.Once Mr. West was told that it was a _10_ writers birthday that day. He hurried there with his wife. He gave the writer some_11_presents and the old man thanked him. After _12_they began to talk about the literary works. He could hardly answer any questions. The writer had to ask him_13_one, “What was Shakespeare?”“It was a kind of drink, ” answered Mr. West. “But people do not like it now. ”The writer had a smile and soon he stopped _14_. On their way home, his wife said, “You made a mistake just now. Shakespeare is a_15_ cake, like the Chinese moon cake!” 1. A. factoryB. shopC. cinemaD. park2. A. useful B. possible C. easyD. difficult 3. A. muchB. lessC. littleD. more 4. A. wentB. gotC. ranD. moved 5. A. withB. afterC. instead ofD. before6. A. helpedB. laughed atC. hurtD. beaten 7. A. borrowedB. madeC. boughtD. wrote 8. A. becauseB. ifC. thatD. as soon as9. A. listens toB. hearsC. looks atD. sees10. A. strangeB. kindC. foreignD. famous11. A. cheapB. expensiveC. uselessD. small12. A. dinnerB. schoolC. discussionD. class13. A. more difficultB. the most difficultC. easy D. the easiest14. A. to talkB. to answerC. talkingD. answering15. A. thinB. thickC. deliciousD. large、阅读理解AMr. Jones went to a theatre to hear a famous singer sing popular songs. In front of him in the theatre was a man who made a lot of noise with this programme. And then he simply began to sing quietly with the man on the stage.Mr. Jones became so angry that he said quite loudly, “What a fool!” The man in front turned around. He had a big face, very black brow. He whispered angrily, “Are you talking about me?” “Oh, no!” answered Mr. Jones, suddenly feeling afraid. “I was talking about the man on the stage who was stopping me from hearing you clearly.”1. Mr. Jones liked to go to theatre to_.A. see films B. enjoy himself C. listen to popular songs D. play2. The man in front of him .A. enjoyed the singers singing very much B. didnt enjoy the actor but himselfC. thought of others more than himself D. thought of others more than Mr. Jones3. Mr. Jones said loudly, “What a fool!” Because he_.A. couldnt hear the singer well B. wanted to make fun of the manC. knew the man was a foolD. thought he was foolish to come to the theatre4. Hearing Mr. Jones words, the man_.A. felt sorry B. became quiet C. felt shy D. turned to Mr. Jones5. Mr. Jones suddenly felt afraid because _A. he knew he was wrong B. he was scoldedC. the mans face was frighteningD. he was a shy manBWilliam Shakespeare was a writer of plays and poems. Some of his most famous plays are Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth. He wrote thirty-seven plays in all. They are still popular today. He was born in 1564 in England. At school he liked watching plays. He decided to be an actor when he finished school at the age of fourteen. In 1582, he married a farmers daughter. She was eight years older than he was. Their first child was a daughter. Later they had twins. In 1585, Shakespeare left his hometown, Stratford-upon-Avon. His wife and child dram stayed behind. No one knows why he left or what he did between 1585 and 1592.At twenty-eight he moved to London and joined a theatre company which opened the Globe Theatre in 1599. He became an actor , and he also wrote plays. He usually acted in his own plays. He earned almost no money from his writing. But he made a lot of money from acting. With the money he bought a large house in his hometown.At the age of forty-nine , Shakespeare retired and went to live in Stratford-up-on-Avon. He died at the age of fifty-two. He left his money to his family. He left his genius to the world. You still see his plays in English and in many other languages. He is one of the most famous writers in the world.6. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays except_.A. Hamlet B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Man and Superman7. Shakespeare decided to be an actor in_.A. 1578 B. 1582C. 1599D. 16168. In 1585, Shakespeare left his hometown Stratford-upon-Avon_.A. with his wifeB. with his daughterC. with his wife and children D. alone9. Shakespeare got much money from_.A. writing B. plays C. acting D. retirement10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Shakespeare