完成句子 专题3 非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词考点1非谓语动词的独立主格结构1The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting.(permit)如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。2Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some having a life span of around 20 years.(have)蝙蝠是令人吃惊的长寿动物，有些蝙蝠的生命周期达到大约20年。知识生成1独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Mary coming back，they discussed it together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.运气好的话，我挣得钱将比你们所有人挣得都多。2介词独立结构with sb./sth.doing/done/to do，其中非谓语动词作宾补，根据宾语和宾补之间的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.(2012辽宁，25)晚饭后这对老夫妻经常在公园里散步，他们的宠物狗跟在他们后面。考点2“连词分词(短语)”结构1If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.(ask)如果被要求为他人照看行李，请立即通知警察。2Anyone，once tested positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.(test)任何人一旦被检测出H7N9禽流感呈阳性，将接受我们政府的免费医学治疗。知识生成分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether.or.，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。After taking the medicine，she felt better.吃过药后，她感觉好些了。The man will die unless operated at once.除非立刻动手术，不然那人就会死。考点3不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(operate)这台机器很容易操作，任何人都可以在几分钟内学会使用它。2Im going to Shanghai.Do you have anything to be taken to your daughter there？(take)我要去上海了，你有什么东西让我带给你女儿吗？知识生成1不定式作定语，与被修饰的词之间为动宾关系，且其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，不定式用主动表示被动。否则用被动式。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。Mother asked her son，“Do you have clothes to be washed？”母亲问儿子：“你有衣服要洗吗？”2在“名词(代词)be性质形容词不定式”结构中，形容词说明不定式的特性，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，此时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。This sentence is not easy to explain.这个句子不易解释。考点4现在分词作结果状语1More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(make)中国修建了更多的高速公路，这就使人们更容易从一个地方到另一个地方去旅行。2It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces.(cause)南方天降大雨，导致许多省份出现了严重的水灾。知识生成1当分词短语作结果状语时，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果，分词短语相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，enabling the students to return to their classrooms.(2010江苏，28)这位退休的老人把自己的大多数积蓄捐献给了在玉树地震中损坏的学校，从而使得学生们重新回到了教室。2不定式作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.(2012四川，6)汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机高高地飞在空中。考点5三种被动意义的非谓语形式作后置定语的区别1They might just have a place left on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try？(leave)他们可能只剩下一个写作课的名额了，你为何不去试试呢？2In some languages,100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.(use)在一些语言中，100个单词构成日常会话中所使用单词的一半。知识生成to be done，being done，done都表示被动，都可作后置定语，区别在于：过去分词所表示的动作具有完成意义；现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的动作；不定式的被动式表示未来的动作。This is a problem discussed (This is a problem which was discussed.)这是一个已讨论了的问题。This is a problem being discussed.(This is a problem which is being discussed.)这是一个正在被讨论的问题。This is a problem to be discussed.(This is a problem which is to be discussed.)这是一个将要讨论的问题。考点6介词非谓语动词1If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.(meet)如果他接受这项工作的话，他必然会遇到更大的挑战。2The secretary arranged for there to be another interview.(there)秘书安排了另一场面试。知识生成1介词后一般接动名词作宾语，但如果介词是but，except时，后可接不定式(如果but，except前边出现实义动词do，则可省去不定式符号to)。I have nothing to do but wait.除了等我别无他事可做。What he said amounts to denying us.他的话就等于拒绝我们。2there be的非谓语形式作介词宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构；如果是其他介词，则要用there being结构。They asked for there to be another meeting.他们要求再开一次会议。We were annoyed at there being so much time wasted.浪费了这么多时间，我们很烦恼。考点7分清谓语动词还是非谓语动词1Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.(read)每天大声朗读一则谚语几遍直到你记住。2One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting them.(correct)人通过出错并改正错误来学习语言。3I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or quit his job.(quit)我认为Tom作为一个大部门的领导，或者应该定期学习，或者辞掉工作。4Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(press)由于来自父母的压力，而且自己也意识到浪费了太多的时间，男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。知识生成解答有关非谓语动词的步骤：1首先要确定填入的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。方法：分析句子结构，看空格前是否有连词，看并列连词连接的是什么。2确定要填入非谓语动词后，再从两个方面进行分析：一是分析非谓语动词和其逻辑主语或其所修饰的词之间的关系来确定用主动式还是被动式；二是分析非谓语动词和谓语动词之间动作的先后关系确定用一般式、进行式还是完成式等形式。非谓语动词以其形式多样、结构复杂、内涵丰富、功能较多而成为高中英语教学的重点和难点，同时也是历届高考的重点测试项目。从近几年湖北高考完成句子的试题看，对非谓语动词的考查立意较低，强调对非谓语动词基本概念、基本结构及其基本功能的考查。考查内容涉及非谓语动词的各种时态与语态；不定式、现在分词及过去分词作状语、补足语、定语，以及动名词用作主语、宾语，还有独立主格结构等。一般来说，重复考查同一概念的几率较小，所以复习时要善于分析归纳知识盲区，并进行针对性的训练，以提高学习的有效性。五年高考已考测试点： 非谓语作状语； 非谓语作主语； 非谓语作宾语； 非谓语作定语； 独立主格结构。备考考点聚焦： 考点(1)非谓语作主语和宾语其主要考点如下： 1动名词作主语及其复合结构和主语从句之间的转换。如： His being elected our team leader (That he was elected our team leader)made us all very excited.他被选为我们的队长，这使我们都很兴奋。2接v.ing形式作宾语的动词。 下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit等。下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth等。介词后要接动名词：what about，how about，without，be fond of，be good at等。3接不定式和动名词作宾语意义有别的动词。remember to do sth.记住要做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事； forget doing sth.忘记做过某事regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事； regret doing sth.后悔做过某事try to do sth.设法，试图； try doing sth.试试看，试一试mean to do sth.打算做，想要；mean doing sth.意味着，就是注：need/want/require doing(to be done) 需要被做4. “特殊疑问词 不定式”结构作主语和宾语。下列动词后可接“特殊疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find，out，advise，discuss等。5. “wish/intend/plan/mean to have done”表示过去未曾实现的愿望。6常考句型：(1)Its adj./n. to do和Its no good/no use doing(2)It is good(nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid)of sb. to do sth.It is possible(important, necessary)for sb. to do sth.(3)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believe it 宾补(adj./n.)to do sth. (4)have trouble/difficulty/a good time(in) doing；(5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(6)have no choice but to do sth./cannot help but do sth. 考点(2)非谓语作定语和补语其主要考点如下：1分词、不定式作定语的区别。过去分词作定语表示被动的、完成的动作，或是不具有时间性的概念；现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生；不定式一般表示未来的、具体的动作。此外，分词作定语时经常和定语从句相互转化。如：The Computer Centre , built last year(完成的、被动的), costs lots of money, being built now(进行的、被动的)。相应时态的定语从句：The Computer Centre, which was built last year, costs lot of money, which is being built now.2分词、不定式作补语的区别。现在分词强调动作的进行；过去分词强调动作的被动性、完成性；不定式侧重动作的全过程。常带分词、不定式作补语的两类典型动词：(1)种类：感官动词see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。使役动词have, make, get, leave, send, keep等。(2)结构：see(watch, notice)宾语 doing/being done/done/do(主动)be seen (watched, noticed) doing/being done/done/to do(被动) 3不定式作定语的特殊用法。(1)下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。(2)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义。不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you)Do you have anything to be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished)4常考句型：be reported/said/to do/to be doing/to have done考点(3)非谓语作状语和表语其主要考点如下：1现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。in order(not) to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough, too, soas to do, suchas to do作结果状语，如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. Im not such a fool as to believe that.现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，其动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。2现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，有“令人”之意，如amusing, exciting, interesting, surprising；过去分词说明主语所处的状态，有“对感觉如何”之意，如excited, relaxed, worried, shocked, disappointed3常考句型：句型：ones dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/ is to do sth.sth. remain done (某事某物处于状态)/ sth. remain to be done(undone)(某事某物有待于) do all one can to do sth.意为“尽力做”tooadj./adv.to do sth.结构表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”too ready(glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy)to结构表示肯定意义。 考点(4)独立分词结构：名称或代词主格分词 如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词；如： The problems solved ( As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 考点(5)独立不定式结构：名称或代词主格不定式 不定式的主动形式。在独立不定式结构中，如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的发生者，则两者在逻辑上存在主谓关系，用不定式的主动形式。如：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we cant finish our task ahead of time. 明天没有人来帮忙，我们不可能提前完成任务。 不定式的被动形式。如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的承受者，则两者在逻辑上存在动宾关系，用不定式的被动形式。 如：More presents to be given, she will find it difficult to accept. 再多给她一些礼物，她就会觉得很难接受。 考点(6)with宾语宾语补足语 充当宾语补足语的是形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语等。其中不定式表示尚未发生的、将来的动作；动词的ing形式表示主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词则强调被动意义，也可表示动作已完成。考点(7)特色句式There being 名词或代词主格。这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。如： There being nothing interesting in the lecture ( As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy. 因为演讲中没有什么令人感兴趣的东西，听众感到有点困倦。 有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如)等。有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分。如：to be honest，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to cut a long story short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等等。 真题典例12011湖北卷 It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _(冻僵了的脸)(freeze) 22011湖北卷 _(把钥匙握在手上), he looked for them everywhere. (hold)32011湖北卷 A number of the paintings in this castle are believed _(被毁掉)in a fire in 2009.(destroy)42010湖北卷 _(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)52010湖北卷 After she completes the project, shell have _(没什么要担心的). (worry) 62010湖北卷 _(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint) 72009湖北卷 When you are finished with the electric iron, dont forget _(关掉它). (turn) 82009湖北卷 _ (获得奖学金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win) 9Youd better go and_(把你的轿车洗洗)No, I ll do it myself.(wash) 10They sat together around the table, with_(门关着)(shut)1frozenface2Holding the keys in the/(his)hand/With the keys held in the(his)hand/The keys held in the/(his)hand3to have been destroyed4Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being incapable of using5nothing to worry about6Painted7to turn it off8Winning a scholarship9have/get your car washed10the door shut新题预测考试动向预测(110小题)：1_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain)吉姆是否适合打决赛还有待证明。2_， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗锁起来。3The old lady is said to have three children，two of them _.(study)这位老太太有三个孩子，其中两个在国外学习。4My daughter was badly hurt in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick)我的女儿在事故中严重受伤。我很后悔昨天没有开车去学校接她。5Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless _，may lead to serious problems.(handle)因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解如果不妥善处理的话很可能会导致严重的问题。6When she noticed the teacher _，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)当她注意到老师正盯着她的时候，她羞愧地低下了头。7Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed _ before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。8The mudslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County. (claim)据报道，发生在舟曲县的塌方已夺去了1400多人的生命。 9The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths, with four other miners still _.(trap)黑龙江省的煤矿爆炸导致了104人死亡，仍有4名矿工被困地下。10To every one of us, _ is a great honor. (admit)对于我们中的每一个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣幸。11At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，_(感到非常自豪)(feel)12The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _(跷着二郎腿), waiting for praise from his teacher