Words and Expressions.docx

Words and Expressionsdemocracyn. government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives民主政治，民主政体dignity n.calm and serious manner or style; self-respect 尊严,威严;自尊Kentuckyn.肯塔基，美国州名Indianan. 印第安纳，美国州名unsettledadj. uncertain, disturbed不确定，不稳定的awkward adj.not dexterous; clumsy笨拙的，不灵活的postmastern.a man who is in charge of the operations of a local post office.邮政局长deputyn.a person appointed or empowered to act for another受托代理工作、职权的人surveyorn.测量员, 勘察员the State Legislature州议会slaveryn. a mode of production in which slaves constitute the principal work force 奴隶制度，奴役injusticen.lack of justice, an unjust act不公正，不讲道义lawyern.one whose profession is to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in court or in other legal matters律师circuitn.journey round from place to place; regular journey made by a judge from town to town to try cases周游，巡回审判Illinoisn.伊利诺斯州，美国州名House of Representatives 众议院Mexican War 墨西哥战争Senate参议院nominationn. the state of being nominated, appointing to office提名，任命the Republican Party（美国）共和党be on edge to be highly tense or nervous; irritable 高度紧张或不安的，易怒的withdrawvt./vi.to move or draw back; retire 脱离；撤出interferevi.to intervene or intrude in the affairs of others; meddle干预，干涉the Civil War 内战the Emancipation Proclamation奴隶解放令the Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说dedicatevt. to give up, devote(ones time energy, etc. to a noble cause or purpose); to devote with solemn ceremonies (to God, to a sacred use);to say at an official ceremony that a new building will have a special connection with a particular person as a sign of admiration or respect for them.奉献; 为举行庄严的仪式; 为（建筑）举行落成仪式cemeteryn.a place for burying the dead; a graveyard 墓地，公墓revengevt./n.to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) 报仇,报复Washington D.C. n.华盛顿，美国首都devote oneself tovt. to give (ones time or energy, etc.) to sth./ sb., dedicate把自己献给，致力于; 专门,专心Words and Expressionsconservativeadj.favoring the established order of society; not liking changes, esp. sudden changes 保守的；守旧的computationn.calculation (of a result, answer, sum, etc.) 计算floppyadj.soft and falling loosely 松软的, 下垂的inputn.data that goes into a computer device. (计算机的)输入outputn.data that come out of a computer device. For example,information displayed on the monitor, sound from the speakers, and information printed to paper. (计算机的)输出printoutn.C,U(piece of ) material produced in printed form from a computer or teleprinter 可数名词或不可数名词(计算机或电传打字机的)打印输出的资料fractionn.a very small piece or amount 一部分；一小部分positivelyadv.(as if) with certainty; or (used for adding force to an expression) really; indeed (好象) 肯定地, 明确地; 或(用来加强语气) 真的,确实地.resistv.to oppose; stand or fight against (force) 反对, 对抗, 抵制ratheradv.more willingly 宁愿; 宁可instantlyadv.(no comp. 无比较级) at once 立即, 立刻benefitv.to be useful, profitable, or helpful to 对有利; 有益于performv.to do; carry out (a piece of work, an order, etc.) 执行, 施行(一件工作、一个命令等); or to give, act or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, etc.) esp. before the public 演出, 表演, 演奏sortv.to put (things) in order; place according to kind, rank, etc. 整理, 分类alphabeticallyadv.of, belonging to, or in the order of the alphabet 字母表地, 按字母表顺序地program(me)v.to supply (a computer) with a plan of the operations to be performed 为(电子计算机) 编程序instructionn.the act or action of instructing; teaching 教育, 指导, 训练processv.to put (facts, numbers, etc.) into a computer for examination 把(事实, 数字等)输入电子计算机进行处理storev.collect and keep something for future use 储备或储存某物reservev.put aside or keep something for a later occasion or specialuse 保留或储备某物; have or keep (a specified power), retain 具有或保持(某种权利); order or set aside (seats, accommodation, etc) for use by a particular person at a future time; book 预定或保留(坐位或房间等),订购registrationn.action of formally recording (a name, an event, a sale, etc) in a list 登记(姓名、事项、销售额等); 注册; 记录repetitiveadj.(also repetitious) characterized by repetition 重复的, 反复的above allprep.phrase most important of all 最重要的pay offv.phrase to pay the whole of (a debt) 偿清; 还清(债务)in a senseprep.phrase in one way of speaking; partly 从某种意义上说put inv.phrase to make or send (a request or claim) 提出, 提交play backv.phrase allow the material recorded on a tape, etc to be heard or seen 播放(已录制的录音带、录像带、软盘等)Words and Expressionsmicroeconomicsn.micro- (prefix) means little or very small; 微观经济学situatedadj. placed among possibilities, in a condition；处于（某种）境地的paradoxicaladj.showing improbable combination of opposing qualities, ideas, etc. 自相矛盾的frontiern.(often pl.) a border between the known and the unknown; (BrE) the border of a country 未开拓的领域、国界economizevi.on to save (money, time, goods, etc.) instead of being wasteful 节省pensionn.an amount of money paid regularly (esp. by a government or a company) to someone who can no longer earn (enough) money by working, esp. because of old age or illness 退休金；养老金bargainn. something that can be or has been bought for less than its real value 廉价物rationaladj.(of ideas and behavior) sensible; according to reason (看法及行为)合理的conservevt.to use (a supply) carefully without waste; preserve 节约；保存groceryn.the goods sold by a grocer 日杂物品privilegen.a special favor; advantage that gives one great pleasure 优待；特权cornflakesn. (pl.) small flat pieces of crushed corn, usually eaten at breakfast with milk and sugar 玉米片aluminum foil n.a very thin sheet of shiny metal that you wrap around food to protect it 铝箔（AmE=aluminium foil）miscalculationn.a mistake made in deciding how long something will take to do or how much money you will need; a wrong judgment about a situation 估错；错认calculationn. the condition of well planning about future actions 精打细算；慎思adjustmentn.a small change made to something 调整innumerableadj. too many to be counted 无数的；数不清的allocationn.the giving of shares or places 分配durable adj.long-lasting 耐用的excursion n.irrelevance; things away from the point 离题conventionaladj.conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional 传统的；正统的ing or arriving after the scheduled or expected time: (something) that should have occurred or been done earlier 延迟的；早该发生的constitutevt. to make up; form 构成juryn.a group of people chosen to decide questions of fact in a court of law, and who have solemnly promised to give an honest opinion 陪审团compensationn. balancing effect for some loss or something lacking 赔偿defervt.to put off or hold back until a later date; delay 拖延；推迟tuition n. the charge made for education 学费forgo vt.(often used in a humorous way) to give up 放弃incrementaladj. increasing in money or value 增值的；增加的physiciann.a doctor, esp. one who treat diseases with medicines 内科医生synthesizevt.to make up or produce by combining parts 合成quantifiableadj.measurable 可测量的intangibleadj.incapable of being perceived by the senses; which is hidden or not material, but known to be real 触摸不到的；无形的optional adj. which may be freely chosen or not chosen 任选的；自由选择的never-ending n.seem to continue for a very long time 不断的；无止境的demonstrationn. conclusive evidence; proof 证据；证明oversupplyn. a supply in excess of what is required 过度供应a measure of to a certain extent or amount（事物的）程度；地步engage in to take part or become involved in an activity 参予；参加withervt./vi. （also wither away）to cause (esp. a plant) to become or become reduced in size, color, etc. 凋谢；枯萎Words and Expressionstobaccon.U (plant having) leaves which are dried, cured, and used for smoking (in pipes, cigars, cigarettes), or as snuff; (pl., for kinds of tobacco leaf)烟草，烟叶cultivate vt.to grow or tend (a plant or crop) 种植，照料（植物或作物）ceremonial adj. of, appropriate to, or characterized by ceremony; formal orritual 正式的，用于典礼或仪式的Spanish adj. 西班牙的，西班牙人（的），西班牙语（的）Portuguese adj. 葡萄牙的，葡萄牙人（的），葡萄牙语（的）explorer n. one that explores, especially one that explores a geographic area 探测者，探究者ambassadorn. a diplomatic official of the highest rank appointed and accredited as representative in residence by one governmentor sovereign to another, usually for a specific length of time大使cannon n. a large, mounted weapon that fires heavy projectiles. Cannoninclude guns, howitzers, and mortars火炮，大炮resourceful adj. able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficultsituations善于随机应变的，机智ignite vt. &i. to cause to burn; to arouse the passions of; excite 点燃，激起, 引发 , 发火chronic adj. (of a disease or condition) continual, lasting for a long time延续性的，慢性的bronchitis n. 支气管炎connected with 与相关，与相联associated with与相关，相联系authorityn. power or right to give orders and make others obey; the person or group of persons having authority 权力，权威; 当局campaignn. series of planned activities to gain a special object; group of military operations with a set purpose, usu. in one area 运动，活动; 战役manufacturern. a person, an enterprise, or an entity that manufactures something 制造者，制造商startling adj.shocking, frightening 令人吃惊，惊愕的parallelvt. (of lines) continue at the same distance from one another; have this relation to or with another 平行, 相似statisticsn. facts shown in numbers (用复数动词) 统计，统计数字poisonousadj. having the capability of harming or killing by or as if by poison; toxic or venomous 有毒的minuteadj. exceptionally small; tiny 极小的，细微的injectvt. to introduce (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part;toforce or drive (a fluid) into something注射(药液), 注入blood pressuren. 血压appetiten. an instinctive physical desire, especially for food or drink; a strong wish or urge 食欲(尤指食欲); 强烈的愿望，迫切的要求musclevt. （一束）肌肉manipulatevt. operate, handle, with skill 熟练地使用; 操纵precisionn. accuracy; freedom from error 精确(度); 正确impair vt. weaken, or damage 损害，使弱adolescentn./adj. (person) growing up, between childhood and maturity 青少年，青年期（十二、三岁二十岁）retardvt. check, hinder 阻止，妨碍athleticadj. of athletes; physically strong, with well-balanced proportionsbetween and trunk, and limbs运动员的，体格健美的outcryn. loud shout or scream (of fear, alarm, etc.); public protest (against) （恐怖、警告等的）大声喊叫，公开反对eliminatevt. remove; take or put away, get rid of (because unnecessary orwanted) 除去，剔除，淘汰Words and Expressionsenterprise n.participation in projects; business activity 企业活动；经营volition n.act of using ones will in choosing making a decision, etc （按照自己的意愿做出的）选择；决定orderliness n.being well-arranged; being in good order or tidy 有条理；守秩序competitive system 竞争体制elaborate adj.very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished 详尽而复杂的; 精心制作的mechanism n.working parts of a machine, etc；a system of parts that operate orinteract like those of a machine 机械装置；机制；机械系统unconscious adj.not conscious, insensible; done or spoken, without conscious intention 失去知觉的；无意识的coordinationn.action of causing (different parts, limbs, etc) to function together efficiently 协调；协同device n.a technique or means 技术，方法技巧；手法pool vt. put (money, resources, etc) into a common fund for use by all 集中使用(金钱、资源)；联合diverse adj.of different kinds; varied 多种多样的；不同的variable n. (often pl.) changeable thing or quantity (常用复数)可变的事物；可变的量intelligence rmation; news 情报；信息available adj.present and ready for use; accessible; obtainable （指物）可以得到的, 可利用的，有空的equilibrium n.U state of being balanced 平衡， 均势factor n.fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a result 因素，要素welder n.焊工glassblower n.吹玻璃工acre n.英亩bid vt.to offer or propose (an amount) as a price 出价rental n.C amount of rent paid or received；U renting (可数名词) 缴付或收取的租金；（不可数名词）租赁match vt./vito （cause to）fit together；to be exactly like; correspond exactly(使)互相适合, 使协调; 相配, 相似；和符合simultaneously adv.happening, existing, or done at the same time 同时的, 同时发生的，同时做的of ones own volition without being forced; voluntarily 出于本人意愿；自愿地Words and ExpressionsCleveland n.A city of northeast Ohio in U.S.克利夫兰，美国俄亥俄州东北部的一座城市 produce n.U things that have been produced, esp. by farming 生产品，出产品（尤指农产品）commission n. C,U payment to sb. for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold 佣金, 回扣，酬劳金action, task or piece of work given to sb. to do（交付某人进行的）行动、任务或工作；委托vision n.U ability to view a subject, problem, etc. imaginatively; foresight and wisdom in planning 远见，洞察力genius n.n.Uexceptionally great mental or creative ability天才，创造能力C person who has this ability 天才人物bargain n.C thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 索价便宜，廉价品cord-wood n. a specified quantity of wood cut for burning ina fire 一柴堆的木头（通常为128立方英尺）beech n.C type of tree with smooth bark, shiny leaves and smalltriangular nuts 山毛榉maple n.Cone of various types of tree of the northern hemisphere, grown for timber and ornament 枫树enterprising adj.having or showing enterprise有进取心的，有事业心的thrifty adj. careful or economical use of money or resources,economical 节俭的，节约的interest n.U money charged for borrowing money, or paid to sb. who invests money 利息rate n.standard of reckoning obtained by expressing the quantity or amount of one thing in relation to another 率，比率dominant adj.most important or prominent; having control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc.)有统治权的，有支配力的bookkeeper n. person whose job is recording business transactions簿记员，记账员lucrative ducing much money; profitable可获利的，赚钱的washerwoman n. woman whose job is washing clothing 洗衣妇board vt./vi. provide sb. with meals and accommodation;or take meals(and usually live) in sbs house 寄膳，寄食accountant n.person whose profession is to keep or inspect financial accounts 会计员，会计师salary n. fixed regular (usu monthly) payment to employees doing other than manual or mechanical work薪水（按月或按季发给的），薪金venture ject or undertaking esp. a commercial one wherethere is a risk of failure 冒险，冒险事业refinery n.factory, etc. where sth.(sugar or oil) is refined 精炼厂，炼油厂devise vt.think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent想出，计划，设计，发明gamble vi./vt.vi.: playing games of chance, etc. for money vt.: spend money by playing such games, etc.赌博，投机have an eye on 眼力，有眼光watch for sb./sth. look out for sb./sth.; be a good judgeof or have a proper sense of sth. 着眼于，注意，照看； 有take an active part in have a share or role in sth. with others; be involved in sth.; participate in sth. 积极参与go into become involved in sth.; pass or reach (the specified state or condition) 进入，踏入get ones feet firmly on 坚实地踏上，踩在之上to drive good bargains insist on the possible low price, arrangement, etc. oragreement that is more beneficial to oneself thanto the other side(s) when negotiating with sb. 赢得好价钱，讨个便宜价save money keep(money) for future use; not spend 攒钱money making make a profit; earn a lot of money 赚钱invest money use (money) to buy shares, property, etc. in order to earn interest or bring profit 投资keep sb. busymake sb. have much to do, or make sb. be occupied with sth. 使某人忙起来put away put sth. in a box, drawer or somewhere 放起来，放在一边go on continue an activity, esp. after a pause or break继续，仍然Words and Expressionsinflation n.a sustained increase in the average level of prices; 通货膨胀recession n.a temporary reduction in business activity, not as severe as a pression；衰退hows and whys 怎么样和为什么so-called adj.only before a noun 所谓的loose adj. not strictly controlled or organized；（控制或组织）松散的escalate vi.become higher or worse；增加、扩大spot vt.to notice or recognize；发现、认出amorphous adj. having no definite shape or features；模糊的、无定形的definition n.a phrase or sentence that says exactly what a word, phrase, or idea means；定义downturn n. a period or process in which business activity, production, etc. is reduced and conditions become worse；降低、衰落 indicate vt.to show that a particular situation exists or that something is likely tobe true；表明consecutive adj following one after another without interruption; successive；连续不断的、连贯的quarterly duced or happening four times a year；一年四次的、每季的GNP （=gross national product）国民生产总值occurrence n.something that happens；事件，发生的事情day-to-day adj.that is done as a normal part of daily life；每天的debtor n.a person, group or organization that owes money；债务人repay vt. to pay back money that one has borrowed 偿还、偿付lender n.the person, group or organization that lends money 借钱人prosperity n.a condition of having money and everything that is needed for a good life; th