2016步步高英语一轮复习知识排查突破：人教新课标_book_5_Unit_3 (2).docx

重点识记词汇1.speed up加速2.aspect n方面；层面3motivation n动机 4.desert n沙漠；荒原5fasten vt.系牢；扎牢 6.lose sight of.看不见7sweep up 打扫；横扫 8.take up拿起；接受；开始；继续9recycle vt.回收利用；再利用 10.switch n开关；转换 vt.转换11enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的 12.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进13guide n指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导 14.greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的15be back on ones feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原16uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的certain adj.确信的；有把握的17ecology n生态；生态学ecologist n生态学家18previous adj.在前的；早先的previously adv.在前；早先19guide n指导；向导；导游 vt.指引；指导guidance n指引；指导20surroundings n周围的事物；环境surrounding adj.周围的surround vt.围绕21combination n结合；组合combine vi.联合；结合；化合 vt.使化合；使联合；使结合combined adj.结合的22tolerate vt.容忍；忍受tolerance n容忍；宽容23adjustment n调整；调节adjust vt.调整；使适应24constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的constantly adv.不断地25press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n按；压；印刷；新闻pressure n压力26lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n缺乏；短缺的东西lacking adj.缺乏的27exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的exhaust vt.耗尽28optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的optimism n乐观pessimism n(反义词)悲观pessimistic adj.悲观(主义)的29moveable adj.可移动的；活动的move v& n移动30receiver n接受者；接收器；电话听筒receive vt.接到；收到；接待31efficiency n效率；功效efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的32instant n瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的instantly adv.马上33representative n代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的represent v代表34settlement n定居；解决settle v定居；解决settler n定居者必背经典句式1.However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.然而，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多的客车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。2Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。必背经典句式3.“Put on this mask，” he advised.“Itll make you feel much better.” “把这个面罩带上，”他告诉我，“它会使你感觉好些。”4Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.苏不敢在她的卧室里睡觉。5No more typists working on a typewriter or computer！No more postage or postcodes! 再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了， 再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了。构词记忆hardship /hdIp/ nC&U苦难；困苦；苦事membership /membIp/ nC&U会员资格；会员人数ownership /nIp/ nU所有(权)；所有制relationship /rIleInIp/ nC&U关系；联系.词汇与派生A语境填词1Are you optimistic(乐观的) or pessimistic if you are facing the life of future?2If you press(按) the button，the machine will start.3I dont like this radio playLets switch(转换) to another programme.4Lack(缺乏)of vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms.5He guided(指引) us through the narrow streets to the central mosque.6On her way to school，the little girl constantly(时常地) went to see the famous scientist.7He took up his settlement(定居) in a new house.8I dont know about the motivation(动机)of their research.9They have no children together，but each has a son from a previous(从前的) marriage.10I told him I wasnt going to tolerate(容忍) his drinking any longer.11Please fasten(系上) your seat belts tightly as we are landing shortly.12Judy and Jane are twin girls，but they are different from each other in many aspects(方面)B用所给词的适当形式填空13After the heavy rain，the path before my house became muddy，and my shoes were covered with mud.(mud)14I always dream of having house surrounded by trees and flowers.If we can live in such beautiful surroundings，we must have a happy feeling every day.The surrounding things always have an effect on our mood.(surround)15The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.(impress)16The famous ecologist insisted that something should be done to protect the ecology.(ecology).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空17To keep healthy，Professor Smith took up cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.18Farmers suffering from drought or floods would get more payments.19The child lost sight of his mother in the supermarket，worried，crying bitterly.20The Internet is widely used，which speeds up the development of English.21Their house，which is similar to ours，has a bigger garden.22After his wifes death it took him two years to be back on his feet.B用方框内所给短语填空23He wanted to leave school for lack of money.24Hearing what they said，he smiled in no time.25When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in all directions.26All singers kept together.As a result，their performance was successful.经典句式27They finally reached what was called “a lonely island”他们终于来到了一个叫“孤岛”的地方。28After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.长途跋涉后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。29Nobody dared raise the opposite opinion.没有人敢提出反对的意见。30No more time to us! No more youth for us to cost!再也没有光阴和青春给我们挥霍了！31The boss made the workers work from dawn to dark every day.老板每天都让工人们从黎明一直工作到天黑。1 guide n.指南；指导；导游；向导(a person who shows the way)；vt.给某人领路(show the way)；指引，指导(direct)；影响(influence)；解释，阐明(explain)多词一义guide，direct，lead，instructguide sb.to.引导某人到under ones guidanceunder the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下Weve arranged a walking tour of the city with your guide.我们已安排大家在你的带领下步行游览这座城市。夯实基础(1)语法填空It was she that guided the blind man to the street.Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.(2)We were guided by a local guide and visited the famous church. Guided by a local guide，we visited the famous church.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)With a local guide guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用with复合结构改写句子)A local guide guiding us，we visited the famous church.(用独立主格结构改写句子)2 lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有(have none or not enough)；n.缺乏；短缺的东西多词一义lack，be lacking in，be short of(a) lack of缺少for/through lack of因缺少no lack of 充足的be lacking in.在方面缺乏lack (for) sth.缺少某物Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。It lacks the power of the Italian cars.它没有意大利汽车动力强劲。夯实基础(1)The green hand is lacking in practical experience.The green hand is short of practical experience.(用short改写句子)(2)He lacks confidence.He is lacking in confidence.(用lacking改写句子)(3)Lack of confidence makes his father worried.What makes his father worried is his lack of confidence.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子)3 press n.压，按，挤；记者(journalists)；新闻界(newspapers or magazines)；v.按，压(push)；催促；敦促press sth.on sb.把(想法等)强加于press.against把压/贴在上in/at press在印刷中off press已出版；已发行under pressure在压力下put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力She pressed her guests to stay a little longer.她力劝客人们多待一会儿。夯实基础(1)语法填空With one problem pressing on his mind，he felt stressed(stress)You need to be able to work accurately under pressure.(2)Under pressure from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.Pressed from his parents，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)4 optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的be optimistic about/that.对乐观be pessimistic about对悲观Shes not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.她对会谈的结果不太乐观。The president says she is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.总统说她对很快达成协议持乐观态度。夯实基础(1)语法填空My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here.(2)The experts are optimistic about our success.The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.(改为复合句)5 instant adj.立即的；立刻的；速食的；n.瞬间；片刻应试指导the instant，instantly的连词用法多词一义the instant，the moment，the minute，the second，immediately，directlyin an instant立刻，马上at that instant当时，那一刻for an instant片刻，一会儿instantly/the instant (that)一就(用作连词，引导时间状语从句)I need an instant reply.我需要立即答复。夯实基础(1)根据汉语提示填空He stayed at his friends for an instant (一会儿) and left there in an instant(马上)The instant/Instantly (一就)he got home，he closed the door and was lost in thought.(2)Instantly I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.No sooner had I seen him than I knew he was the man the police were looking for.(用no sooner.than.改为倒装句)6 take up拿起(pick up，lift)；接受(accept)；开始；继续(continue)；占用(fill or use space or time)；从事应试指导take短语语境词义辨析take down拆除；写下take on呈现；雇用；承担take over接管；承袭take off脱掉；起飞；成功；开始流行o consideration/account把考虑进去He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)I put the telephone down and took up my work again.(2)It successfully took over sky news，a popular news channel running in the UK since 1989.(3)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.(4)He took off his glasses and blinked at them.7 speed up加速；加快at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of以速度pick up/gather speed加速slow down减速We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。夯实基础用speed及其相关短语完成下列小片段Yesterday Tom was driving home at a speed of (以速度)150kph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined because of speeding (超速)Therefore，on the rest way，he had to slow down (减速)1 Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动与完成关系。Given a wrong number，I couldnt contact him over phone.因为给错了号码，所以我没能够与他电话联系上。夯实基础语法填空(1)Well managed (manage)，his business soon took off.(2)The woman scientist entered the room，followed (follow) by her assistants.(3)Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was late for work again.(4)Clearly and thoughtfully written(write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.2Well，now theres a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.哦，现在有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。这是一个主从复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。where还可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，environment，activity，race，job，scene等。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。夯实基础语法填空(1)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.(2)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.3单元语法语法填空(1)His satisfied (satisfy) look suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(2)We are doing our written (write) exercises when he cleans the fallen (fall) leaves.(3)Mr.Smith，tired (tire) of the boring speech，started to read a novel.(4)Sent (send) to the hospital immediately，the wounded (wound) soldier was saved.(5)Given (give) time，hell make a firstclass tennis player.高考题组.短文改错(2010浙江)After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.They ate silently，and it was clearly that things were not going well.As we left，Mother stopped on their table.“Excuse me，”she said，put her arm around the unhappy old woman.“You remind me so many of my mother.May I hug(拥抱) you？”The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did me，”said Mother cheerfully.答案After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch.I Mother looking at a nearby table by an elderly woman and young couple.They ate silently，and it was that things were not going well.As we left，Mother stopped their table.“Excuse me，”she said， her arm around the unhappy old woman.“You remind me so of my mother.May I hug(拥抱) you？”The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother. I didnt think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did ，”said Mother cheerfully.写作常用句翻译1风筝一直飘在空中那是因为它被系在一个卷轴上，否则，它会立刻失去平衡最终撞到地面上。(instantly)(2012上海书面表达)A kite stays afloat because its attached to a reel；otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground.2作为一名年轻的学生，我建议Global Mirror应该多刊载一些指导我们学习英语的文章。(guide)(2011大纲全国书面表达)As a young student，I suggest that Global Mirror(should) carry articles to guide us in our English learning.模拟题组.语法填空1He told me to press(press) the button to pause.2We made a switch to our schedule to go swimming when it started to rain.3You see the lightning the instant it happens(happen)，but you hear the thunder later.4We could hardly believe what she says because she is constantly(constant) changing her mind.5After retiring from teaching，he was advised to take up gardening as a hobby.6If we want to arrive at the village on time，wed better speed up.7Its a long time since I saw my sister.Why not visit(visit) her this weekend?8His head soon appeared out of the window of the second floor，from where he could see nothing but trees.9Time，used(use) correctly，is money in the bank.10More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.单句改错1His first speech as president made a strong impression of his audience.ofon2I dont like this radio play.Lets switch on to another programme.去掉on3He guided us through the narrow streets to the central mosque, we learned a lot.guidedguiding4For miles around us there was nothing but an ice desert without a single plant or tree in the sight.去掉the5His mother was seriously ill and a doctor called in.called前加上was6The students spare time should be taken advantage to study.advantage后加上of7Worrying about her daughter the mother came to see her yesterday.WorryingWorried8The first textbook was written for teaching English came out in the 16th century.去掉was或在was前加上that/which9When there is enough food in the world for everybody，not everybody can afford to buy it.WhenWhile10I sat until after eleven, being absorbed in a book.去掉being.写作句式升级训练As the number of English learners is on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(素材来源于2014江苏书面表达)With the number of English learners on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(用with复合结构改写句子).阅读理解Research suggests that if a woman runs her household without any help，she has less interest in scaling the career ladder.But the reason for this is not quite what you might expect，such as being too tired.According to experts，the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work.If she were indeed to “have it all”a family life，a love life and a careershe would need to be prepared to carve up some of the home decisions with her spouse，a study suggests.The study asked 136 men and women aged 18 to 30 whether being in control of household decisions is something they desire.Both sexes agreed that being in charge is an advantage.Then,150 women were asked to imagine being a married mother and either making most of the household decisions or making them jointly with her husband.Those who had imagined being in control at home placed less value on things such as earning a high salary than those who had imagined sharing the running of the household.Then，almost 650 men and women were asked to imagine one of the same two scenes but with division of household chores.The mens interest in work was not affected by thoughts of being in charge at home.And if a woman imagined having to do all the chores，without making the decisions at home，she was still hungry for power in the workplace.Researcher Professor Serena Chen said，“This suggests it is the power aspect of household control that reduces womens interest in power outside of the home.To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields，our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.”1What could be learned from the text?AWomen are fond of doing household tasks.BWomen have no interest in the office work.CWomen can do well at home or beyond if they share household decisions with men.DWomen can do well at home as well as in the workplace.答案C解析文意理解题。从全文对研究内容和结果的论述可知，如果妻子想在家庭和事业上都取得成功，她就得和丈夫共同决策家庭事务。第二段最后一句也有明确提示。2What leaves women with less of a thirst for a successful career?APressure from household tasks.BLack of working experience.CPoor physical and mental state.DSatisfaction of being in charge of household tasks.答案D解析细节理解题。从第二段中信息“the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work”可知，女性从掌管家庭事务中获得的满足感导致她们对成功事业的渴望减少。3Professor Serena Chen suggested that .Ait was hard to realize true gender equalityBmen must work as household directorsCmen and women should share household decisionsDwomen should be as wise as men答案C解析细节理解题。从最后一段中的“To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields，our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.”可知，Professor Serena Chen认为夫妻应当分享家庭决策权。4Who would be most interested in the text?AResearchers. BBreadwinners.CEmployers. DWorking mothers.答案D解析推理判断题。文章研究妇女怎样才能在事业上成功，因此对该文章最感兴趣的应该是职业妈妈，所以D项正确。.阅读填空How to concentrate on studiesHow to get your mind to concentrate on studies when there are all possible distractions(分心的事)？This is the biggest question that students face when its exam time.Well，here are some tips that can help you with concentration.Plan your timetable 5 However，be realistic with your timetable and do not expect too much out of yourself. 6 If you study for 5 hours without rest，you maybe get bored.So it is advised that you keep on changing your subjects so that you do not get bored.However，make sure you study at least 2 hours at each subject at a stretch(连续地)Take interestUnless you like what you are doing，it is not possible to focus on that task. 7 You can start with your favorite subject and move on to difficult o